LARK JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY, LINGUISTICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

The present research is an attempt the question concerning existence in the poem of Al- Tallasm of the poet Ilya Abu Madhi. This question is embedded within each line of the poem. The poem is a masterpiece , belonging to Arabic modern poems which discuss the theme of existence. Nevertheless, its sub- themes refer to issues associate with existence such as anxiety , sadness , loss and the attention of the responsibility…,etc.The poet goes further in his poem which is named Al- Talasm , for the purpose of going deeply within the human spirit; and having very big and persistent questions of the existence, presented in poetic form as being an accurate tracking the impulses of human psyche associated with hopeless, noise, suspension, fear and disturbance. The poem discusses the psyche as a being seeking for hope not an answer to reach a state of ecstasy by experiencing beauty and science together; which stands for the answer of the question of existence. Nonetheless, the poet can create his poetry as a tool of revealing and an insight of the existentialism. In every line is ended with “what I do not know “ which carries the notion of not carrying the characteristics of the non- achievement knowledge, however, the word knowledge has been existed within the term of (I don’t know) which, in turn, can be interpreted into (I know) as a key and invitation for thinking of the creator Allah and the fate of the spirit for facing its destiny.

Implication in Arabic poetry is one of the basic artistic tools used by poets to convey meanings and ideas indirectly, which has a significant impact on enriching the poetic text and increasing its depth and beauty, and all of these techniques can only be achieved through the language with which the poet formulates his poetic experience .
This research explores the Implication in the descriptive poems of the poet Ibn Hamdis Al-Andalusi, as the poet was able to employ it in his various poems that specialized in description. In an effort to convey his ideas and meanings indirectly in order to enrich the text and give it aesthetic depth and a semantic dimension, using language and its suggestive energies, the researcher sought to analyze and deconstruct poetic texts that contained the meaning of Implication after the poet added his rhetorical touch to them, believing that they were not merely means of expression. Rather, it is an artistic tool that demonstrated the poet’s ability, creativity, and the depth of his poetic experience.

Since the beginning of human existence, individuals have employed all their sensory faculties to protect themselves from the evils they perceive with their own eyes or those their minds portray, resulting in feelings of anxiety and depression from anticipating something unpleasant or depriving oneself of something beloved, regardless of one's will, a phenomenon termed "fear."
Given that human emotions are the fundamental material of literary creation, poets and writers have utilized them in their literary works, including narrative art, enabling them to incorporate various forms of art. Iraqi literature has consistently reflected this utilization, encompassing the entire spectrum of human emotions, including fear. Exploring the sensation of fear has permeated narrative texts through complex intersections of consciousness, culture, history, and human psyche, with a selection of the novel "Crime on Facebook" by Dr. Alaa Mashzoub serving as a model for this study.

This research is an analytical study between two commentaries on Nahj al-Balagha, namely the explanation of (Minhaj al-Bara’ fi Sharh Nahj al-Balagha) by Qutb al-Din al-Rawwandi, and the explanation of (The Key to Happiness in Explanation of Nahj al-Balagha) by Sayyid Muhammad Taqi al-Naqwi, originating with a talk about Nahj al-Balagha and its importance in the world of science and knowledge. He is the brother of the Qur’an, the source of clarification, and the originator of man. He has a status and status that is his and the extent of which is incomprehensible. I mentioned what scholars have said about him and the important explanations that have been compiled about him. The analytical study requires a presentation of the method of balancing between them. What is presented to me in this study, along with a talkabout the biography of the authors, their lives, and what they adopted. From the approach in their explanations, with a mention of their orientations and methods, and what they agreed on and what they differed in the two aforementioned explanations. Through this study, I concluded the balance between the two explanations after presenting the approach followed by each commentator in his explanation, and mentioning the participation and separation. What became clear to us in this study is that Al-Rawandi, in his explanation (Minhaj al-Bara’ah), followed the literary and descriptive approach in the introduction to his explanation through his analysis of the Imam’s words. (peace be upon him) in a brilliant descriptive style. He also adopted the scientific and doctrinal approach in explaining sermons. As for Al-Naqwi, in his explanation of (The Key to Happiness), he followed the explanation based on the texts. In more than one place in his explanation of his words (peace be upon him), he also adopted the approach of word analysis and Al-Naqwi presented the obligatory jurisprudential approach in explaining the sermons that include the instructions of the Imam (peace be upon him). In their explanations of Nahj al-Balagha, both Al-Naqawi and Al-Rawandi used the Holy Qur’an, the hadiths narrated from the Imams (peace be upon them), and poetry. Both commentators agreed that the Imam (peace be upon him) mentioned that the Holy Qur’an contains an explanation of (everything) and Ali is with the Qur’an. In his speech, he (peace be upon him) mentioned multiple verses and surahs in his sermons. They also agreed that Nahj al-Balagha was influenced by the noble Prophet’s hadith and poetry. As for the differences between the commentators regarding the explanation of sermons, wisdom, and sermons. Al-Rwandi also mentions the chain of engagement documents in his explanation. As for Al-Naqwi, he did not mention the chain of narrators who transmitted sermons, messages, and wisdom in their explanation. Al-Rwandi also mentions the sermon in fragments and does not follow it with an explanation most of the time. While Al-Sayyid Al-Naqawi mentions the sermon in parts, then follows it with an explanation of each part. Al-Rawandi did not rely on any of the explanations because he was earlier than the others. As for Al-Naqwi, he relies on other explanations of the approach. After comparing their methodologies, it became clear that Al-Rawandi adopts the method of brevity, not redundancy, in his explanation. As for Al-Naqwi, he adopts the style of redundancy rather than brevity in his explanation. I will mention some of the commentators’ methodology in their explanations.

The poet Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab, an Iraqi poet who was born in 1926 and died in 1964, had a major role in renewing contemporary Arabic poetry and is considered one of its founding pioneers. The family played a major and influential role in shaping his personality, as it influenced all poetry and its influence on his poetry. As the family and upbringing are the rural environment and the difficult childhood after the death of his mother when he was six years old, as this incident greatly affected the poet’s life. The loss of his mother and the pain , The psychological aspect became and became a major topic in his poems that reflected the features of sadness. From family experiences, Al-Sayyab was raised in a family that cared about traditions and values. Education increased his intellectual and literary aspirations, and his older family members played a role in his acquaintance with literature and poetry and supporting him in his creative career, in addition to the influences Emotional, as it affected personal and emotional relationships. The wife and children often became a great source of inspiration. He had an intertwined life related to emotion, loss, and love. Emotion provided him with moral support because in the poet’s life there was a lot of poverty, illness, and destitution, as these reflections were clearly found in His poetry, which added human depth to his works.

The concept of speech acts and their application in Arabic, as believed by some scholars to enhance the description of the Arabic language, in addition to identifying its characteristics and explaining communicative discourse phenomena, and investing it in a new reading of the Arab heritage, thereby enhancing and contributing to the discovery and appreciation of the efforts of our ancient linguists. Furthermore, the phenomenon of verbal actions is important not only in understanding the fixed lexical meaning but also in providing us with the contextual meaning of the word itself.

The novelistic character is one of the pillars of the novelistic plot and the axis of the basic psychological analysis and the character is around which the events revolve, and the decisive element without which no story is built.
Studying the character is an important element of the novel and studying the types of characters and ways of presenting them and trying to identify their tendencies, inclinations and characteristics that characterize them, the novel (Five Voices) by the novelist (Ghaib Tuma Farman) is like five distress calls issued by those afflicted with their human and creative concerns and their passion for the life that hides within them, and in it we find the most intertwined artistic model and we find duality in it, because there are five people on a parallel line with their multiple ideas. The novelist placed them as heroes of his novel and his main characters on whom the events revolve and they embody The main axis and focal point, as well as representing a model for the state of the Iraqi intellectual and what he suffered from internal alienation and intellectual persecution. (Five Voices) published in (1967) is the first mature multi-voice novel in the history of the Iraqi novel. The concept of voice has transcended its expressive function to become an artistic framework that expresses multiple levels of dramatic and artistic construction, just as it is an expression of mechanisms for revealing the conflictual contents that simmer in Iraqi reality, which require narrative stylistic techniques that employ voice technology to reveal contrasts, intersections and different opinions. Keywords: Novelistic character, women, family, journalistic work

The research dealt with the depiction of the Iraqi city, especially the capital, Baghdad, in the novel “Sleeping in the Cherry Field” by the Iraqi novelist Azhar Girgis, as this novel is a distinguished model of how the novelist draws inspiration from the city and distinguishes it as one of the basic elements in building the work of fiction and shaping the narrative space. The research specifically concluded The city, and the importance of place, in the Arabic novel in general and the Iraqi novel in particular, as it plays a pivotal role in formulating events, forming characters, and building the narrative space, as the capital, Baghdad, appears in the novel (Sleeping in the Cherry Field), in its description of the city that embraces the events and constitutes the preoccupation of the main characters. The novel contains multiple images and scenes that reflect the social, cultural and political transformations that the Iraqi capital witnessed during different periods of history. The research focuses on the different ways in which the novelist Jarjis took the components of the city and its moral and material features in constructing the novel and shaping its semantic spaces, as the city appeared in the novel in its various components. “Streets, neighborhoods, buildings, squares, markets...etc” to form a general spatial situation in which characters and events move. The city also appeared as a symbolic space that reflects civilizational conflicts and conflicting identities in that country, which is Iraq. The novel highlights that the city is not just an external framework for events, but She is a key actor in formulating the narrative vision, drawing the features of the characters, and shaping their human experience. At the end of the research, there will be a result, the most important recommendations, and the most important connotations and visions expressed by the images of the city in the novel, which reflect the crisis that befell the Iraqi person and the tensions of identity and belonging in light of the turbulent social and political transformations that Iraq has experienced in recent years.

The writer and storyteller Wadad Sakakini is one of the female authors who adopted the theme of defending women's rights. She was influenced by the Arab reality and the injustices and oppression experienced by women, which led her to reflect these situations in her story collections. Sakakini undertook the project of defending women's rights, highlighting the full social, religious, political, and cultural identities that had been stripped away from them. She exposed the restrictions imposed on women in a male-dominated society that viewed them with contempt and belittlement. Consequently, women began to rebel against the social and political reality that subjected them to oppression and injustice. They became voices that were heard and respected in all circles, producing educated, intellectual, and literary women who influenced society with their literary works in various fields.

After the end of World War II, The Soviet Union was able to extend its influence in Eastern Europe, and support socialist organizations in it, to be loyal to it, and it was able to subjugate Hungary and make it its vasal, and harnessed its economic capabilities for its benefit, and imposed a government loyal to it, which led to the deterioration of the country's political and economic conditions, and the emergence of the opposition that produced the 1956 uprising, and the Soviet government faced it using methods of cruelty and violence, and the use of more military forces to Hungary .

The research focuses on giving Clear picture of Mo The United States of America stopped Western interference in Iraq's internal affairs for several well-known reasons, the first of which was its geographical location and economic importance to the Middle East region. The United States of America, through its intelligence agencies, tried to support every activity and movement that tried to destabilize the successive governments in the country, including the Rashid Ali al- Kilani movement, or what is known as the Four Officers Movement, where the United States of America played a prominent role in eliminating the movement in cooperation with its ally, Britain .Where the researcher tries through the study Most important Events The politics that witnessed it Areas well as What is exposed Iraq was in a state of political tension on all political and economic levels, which was represented by the May 1941 movement.

The lower castes in India (the untouchables) lived outside the hierarchy of the Indian caste system, under which they were not allowed to practice religious rituals and craft professions as freely as the upper castes. Rather, their work was limited to menial professions, and they were prohibited from entering Hindu temples. The Indian caste system was supported by the British government, as it brought gains and interests to the crown, but the cultural and social awakening, the influence of Western education and liberal ideas facilitated the awakening and growth of social reform movements in India because these ideas broke the rigidity of the caste system and aroused the lower classes in multiple reform movements for Gain social recognition, jobs and political interests for representation in Indian politics.

The prominent feature of Islamic history is the emergence of various sectarian and ideological movements, each arising from different factors and for various purposes. Among these movements is the Qarmatian movement, which outwardly promoted religion, asceticism, piety, equality among members of society, the elimination of injustice, and the rightful claim of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) to the caliphate and governance. However, beneath the surface, their beliefs were rooted in disbelief, atheism, and polytheism. Like other Batinite sects, the Qarmatians relied on concealing their true beliefs to integrate easily with the broader society and propagate their faith, exploiting the surrounding circumstances such as the weakening of the Abbasid Caliphate and the domination of foreign powers over its affairs. This complex nature of their ideology has made their movement a subject of contention among historians, scholars of sects, and researchers.

Pakistan-China relations are a model of ideal relations between the two countries, and a different political and economic system, The exchange of interests and friendship that has arisen since the 1950s has continued, promising a permanent feature of their bilateral relations, Both countries demonstrated a great understanding of foreign policy objectives and adopted mutually supportive positions on key regional and international issues. These relationships have withstood many tests, and the economic aspect has been one of those aspects. Pakistan has become one of China's most important aid recipients. trade between border areas has rebounded, and China has extended the repayment time of loans granted to Pakistan Chinese companies have managed to overcome social, cultural and commercial disparities, Pakistan has granted many investment projects in favour of China such as Sandak Copper and Gold Project However, the volume of trade remained limited, In particular, the two countries were facing internal and external political challenges The business side didn't measure up their support for armaments or political issues.

Throughout human history, power has been inherent to human existence through controlling the affairs of his life, as it is a phenomenon inherent to society, in addition to being variable with its change. It is also a phenomenon that does not go beyond the framework of time, not inherent to social grouping, but rather its organization and creation according to what is required by need, by virtue of the temporal permanence of power and social nature. It was also of a human nature in order to ensure its survival and continuity, that is, in the sense that power evokes the power of its existence,deriving that power either from customs or religion or in another way controlled by the society exercising that power.

Digital technologies in the field of media have nourished human curiosity and the desire to obtain information quickly, despite the challenges and economic problems faced by traditional media such as television, newspapers, and radio.
This situation has led to a multimedia trend of delivering news visually and audio, as well as through video and news texts, making it easier for the public to access news and communicate with the outside world with less effort.
The competition between new and traditional media has become like a race for players to win the largest number of points and attract the largest possible number of followers in light of these circumstances, some media institutions, whether governmental or private, found themselves facing fateful decisions related to the choice between remaining in the second class and being satisfied with the current audience, or moving to the influence of modern media and moving forward.

The research aims to identify the extent of the impact of German digital diplomacy on the interaction of the Iraqi public through social media, and to know the extent of the cognitive, emotional and behavioral impact of German digital diplomacy on the interaction of the Iraqi public through social media. The researcher relied in this study on the quantitative survey method on a sample of the audience of Wasit Governorate, where the sample number reached (400) people of females and males. The researcher reached the following results: German digital diplomacy may play a role in improving relations between Germany and Iraq by enhancing mutual understanding and building stronger relationships through social media. Increasing cultural awareness through cultural and educational content, German digital diplomacy can help increase cultural awareness among the Iraqi public about Germany, including its culture and history. And exchanging knowledge and information, as digital diplomacy provides a platform for exchanging knowledge and information on issues of common interest, such as development, education, and innovation, which can enhance cooperation between the two countries.

This research dealt with identifying the role played by public relations in building the mental image of airways companies, as public relations in all institutions play important roles in building the image of the institution in a positive way. For this reason, public relations in the Iraqi Airways Company employed one of the social networking sites “Facebook” in building Its mental image, and many methods, appeals and strategies were used in the communication messages addressed to the public to make the process of building the company’s mental image successful. The research problem revolves around the following main question: (What is the role of public relations in building the mental image of the Iraqi Airways Company)? The research aims to know the most important activities carried out by public relations workers in the company in order to build a positive mental image, and to know the most prominent jobs, methods, solicitations and strategies that public relations in the Iraqi Airways Company followed to build its image. The research reached a number of results, the most important of which are:

Learning difficulties in children are significant issues that require the knowledge and expertise of teachers, social workers, or educational counselors during the early years of primary education. Neglecting these difficulties can lead to academic failure and hinder students who struggle with learning challenges (such as reading, writing, and arithmetic) from keeping up with their peers. This research will focus on the role of the social worker in addressing academic learning difficulties among students in the early stages of primary school. As an expert in mental and social health within the school community, the social worker's role extends beyond assisting students and resolving their issues within the school. It includes providing psychological and social support to both students and teachers by offering guidance and counseling on any social or psychological issues faced by either group.

The child occupies a large space for those interested in the field of children’s theatre, because of what it means in terms of moving and developing the child’s mental abilities due to the performance, visual or musical embodiment he sees, full of exciting fantasy or heroic realism events that make him interact with them in terms of the play containing cartoon shapes, whether gloved or animated puppets. In the form of a character worn by the actor, and sometimes it is a real character (mother, father, brother, sister, etc.), these characters play an important role in conveying positive ideas, especially the character of the mother, as she is an important axis for the child’s inclination towards this character for life, emotional, and psychological considerations, and she is considered the child’s first educator.

This study examines the policy of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in granting external loans to weak states with fragile economies and its impact on the principle of non-intervention in international law. The study highlights how the IMF imposes economic, political, or social conditions on borrowing countries, which undermines their sovereignty in political, social, or economic aspects. This, in turn, leads to a violation of the principle of non-intervention in the internal affairs of states as outlined in the United Nations Charter, which emphasizes the necessity of respecting this principle by all countries.

The moral characteristic in Buddhism constituted a basic element and feature that distinguishes it from other religions, and although some religions share that characteristic with it, it has become one of its own connotations, and we find by tracking the behaviors of its followers that they move away to the other end of the moral aspect at the level of dealing with others. Doctrinally different, and this became clear with the Muslims of Burma, their behavior was characterized by violent, bloody extremism, and acquired a religious character, as it represented the worst symbol of violent religious extremism. Buddhist violence towards Muslims was not born today, and its motives were not solely religious, and violence was not religious in isolation from Government intervention, elements that participated in this bloodshed, religion is not measured by theorizing, but rather its goodness is measured by the extent of its realism at the level of daily dealing with the other, whether he belongs to me or differs in belief

The Brethren of Purity and the Companions of Eloquence are a secret esoteric group consisting of a collection of thinkers who lived in Basra during the second half of the fourth century AH (10th century CE). Their ideology had a philosophical and political inclination, with a Shi'i (Ismaili) inclination. They concealed their identities and names, using symbolism, allusion, gestures, and conciseness in their works. Their ultimate goal was to reconcile religion and philosophy, as affirmed in their works known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity and the Companions of Eloquence. These works comprised fifty-two epistles divided into four sections, discussing various ideas and sciences. These ideas have remained relevant to this day, as they have been studied and adopted by many contemporary Arab thinkers and researchers in Arab thought.

Our study was based on clarifying the concept of divinity among the Islamic sects, without being limited to a single group. It was necessary to clarify the meaning of divinity in language and terminology, and the meaning of monotheism in language and terminology as well, while researching the requirements of monotheism of divinity. The process of research and study was also carried out in the fields of the Mu’tazila team first, and the five principles. From which their concept of monotheism began, and how it relied on the monotheism between the Divine Essence and its attributes.
Moving to the Imamis, we notice that the monotheism of divinity according to this group started from the monotheism of God Almighty in all aspects, that is, the essence, attributes, and worship. Monotheism is the first foundation of religion for them, and levels branched out from it. Likewise, the Ash’aris went to clarify the monotheism of divinity in their beliefs, which they expressed by not contradicting them. Due to the meeting of the four imams (Hanafi, Al-Maliki, Al-Shafi’I, and Al-Hanbali) and they affirmed the oneness of God Almighty in their monotheism of divinity, the study began by clarifying the meaning of each group and then clarifying the point of view of each group regarding the meanings of the monotheism of divinity.

This research focuses on Abdul Jabbar Al-Rifai's efforts and perspectives in promoting renewal, ijtihad (independent reasoning), and the application of modern methods in interpreting religious texts. It seeks to reinterpret these texts to address the needs of contemporary Muslims, tackling various issues that arise in today's context, whether they are religious, social, or otherwise. Additionally, the study examines the endeavor to move beyond the constraints of traditional heritage and classical scholars' interpretations within the old theological framework, advocating for a reliance on the original text.

Mulla sadr al-Dinadds Al shirazi,(1640-1572)(1050-980)takes apositon in support of what plato believes in the theory of the ideal, but the disagrees with it on premises first which are the mental images in the knowledge of God according to plato .As for Hefilled his chest , entering into the knowledge of cod Almighty .
Secondly, the levels of existence according to plato are two: the ideas and the sense ,while sadr al-Din adds the equiralent of "bam"to become , respectively ,the divine presence of mind and the good ideal, which is by ading the muslim to the platonic understandings of the idea after adopting it in terms of origin.
Likewise, in the theory of the ideal according to plato, it is thought or the abstract mind , but according to the source of the necessary existen , and also based on the theary of the ideal according to shirazi, the necessary existence is ancient and its attributes are the same as its essence whereas according to patio, it attributes are necessary other than itself and ther are multiple ancients
Abstract thougt and reason have no relation to the world of matter according to plato.
The reasson for that world is in the world of money and the world of ideals is linked to abstract action.

This research titled "Turkish words in Iraqi Arabic" is a compilation from certain sources and a scientific evaluation of this compilation.
Ther are centuries_old linguistic relations between Turkish and Iraqi Arabic. This relation manifests itself in daily conversations between the two languages and in all cultural areas. The research consists of an introduction and a section.
In the introduction, I generally mentioned the definition of language and dialect, then I discussed the Iraqi dialect, its sections and features.
In the section,I discussed the classification of Turkish words in IraqiArabic according to their conceptual fields.

The term "discourse" appeared due to its entry into the field of supersyntax of various linguistic studies, i.e. beyond the sentences. Thus, discourse from the point of view of linguistics is a systematic unit of a certain sequence of sentences connected by meaning.
Active search for discourse structures similar to sentence structures so far has not led to significant theoretical generalizations due to the high complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon under study.
However, the concept of discourse is firmly established in modern linguistics, displacing a similar concept of coherent speech, which was previously widely used in sociology, cultural studies, philosophy, political science and even psychoanalysis.
Linguistics, which analyzes discourse, is inseparable from language as a fundamental subject. Discourse should be understood as a new feature of linguistic manifestation since the end of the twentieth century (Stepanova, 1996:71). Language in the form of discourse has revealed its dynamic, regularly changing aspect to linguists. This, of course, requires the search for qualitatively new research methods. The high importance of the subject of this study is explained by this circumstance.
Scientific Modernity
The initial research in the field of discourse organization was recorded in the early fifties of the last century. Then the first scientific publications devoted to constructions that include more than one sentence or so-called “superunits” appeared.
This study is among the modern research on the subject of discourse, which has long become complex and precise, intertwined in all sciences.

This research is dedicated to analyzing the criticism of N. A. Dobrolyubov and examining his critical approach. Dobrolyubov founded his realistic criticism on a profound understanding of life and literature. His criticism was objective and independent, significantly influencing the development of Russian literature. Dobrolyubov believed that criticism should be based on facts and objective evaluation. He analyzed literary works in terms of their intellectual content, artistic characteristics, and social functions. Dobrolyubov asserted that literature should be active and aimed at societal development, and he criticized works that, in his view, did not reflect the life of society or contribute to its progress. His realistic criticism had a major impact on the development of Russian literature, contributing to the formation of realism in Russian literature as well as the development of social thought in Russia. According to him, realistic criticism is based on the realistic analysis of literary works, rather than the subjective impressions of the critic.

This study examines the importance of advertising discourse that takes into account the environmental habits and cultural background of the target audience. The research used a mixed approach, combining qualitative interviews and a review of relevant literature. The main research questions addressed in this study include factors such as price, quality, brand reputation and environmental considerations on the purchasing decisions of different demographic groups as well as the perceptions of the target audience towards current advertising messages, and whether they take into account Consider cultural and environmental aspects and strategies that advertisers can implement to align their messages with the environmental habits and cultural preferences of target consumers.

The goal of this research, which was prepared at the University of Wasit / College of Science / Department of Pathological Analysis, is the point of view of male and female students. The sample consisted of (103) students randomly about the application of the Bologna process at the University of Wasit. The questionnaire consisted of (14) questions, and its validity and stability indicators were confirmed and it was processed. Data statistically .

Sufism emerged in the early centuries of Islam, specifically in the second Hijri century. It was adopted by a group of devout and ascetic worshippers who built their approach based on the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet (peace be upon him). They felt the need to return to these sources, hold firmly to them, and renounce worldly pleasures. Gradually, Sufism evolved from being an individual practice to forming groups and sects spread across the world. This made it easier for many people to enter the world of Sufism, including those who falsely claimed affiliation with it. These individuals, however, had nothing to do with true Sufism beyond their outward appearance. Through their actions and ideas, which were far removed from Sufism’s core beliefs, they tarnished the image of Sufism and the Sufis. The true followers of Sufism, particularly Sufi poets—who are closer to Sufism than anyone else—condemned these individuals for their actions. Many poets criticized them in their poetry, denouncing their behavior. This research aims to answer the following questions: What is Sufism? Who is a true Sufi and who is a "pseudo-Sufi"? What is the difference between them? What is the methodology of the Sufis, and how have the "pseudo-Sufis" distorted and misrepresented it? What have Sufi poets said about the "pseudo-Sufis" and how did they criticize them in their poetry? What are the traits that have become associated with these "pseudo-Sufis"?