Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

Abstract
The bulk etch rate for plastic nuclear track detector has been determined as a function of changing sensitivity for the detector, which are inversely proportioned. This process has been done by having the detector being treated with DC electric field with different intensities and at constant intervals. It has been noted that the bulk etch rate decreases as the electric field values increase, which leads to the development of the detector sensitivity. Moreover, this treatment affects the tracks irradiated by neutrons, which dose not affects the tracks irradiated by alpha particles either. And this is due to the affect of specific ionization, which depends on the charge of incident particle.

Abstract
In this paper the effect of temperature had been studied for the ion (atom) reaction with the surface of the metal Cu(111). A decrease of the energy required by the electron for image state production with increase of temperature has been observed. The effect of the temperature as the two surfaces become never wether (identical or not) and the effect of the temperature with presence of the electric field between the two surface Cu(111)/Cu(111) has been studied also.

Abstract
A study has been conducted for the physico-chemical parameters which are the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH in addition to principal nutrients : ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate in water samples from six stations along Mocha cost in Yemen, which are exposed to heavy pollution by untreatred waste water and different industrial wastes. Results revealed that temperature was nearly equal in all stations during summer and winter but little high at summer by two degrees compared to winter, salinity was found in high rate in the control station during both summer and winter seasons and lower salinity in station 4, water was poor in oxygen in which higher concentration was recorded in control station and lower concentration was recorded in station 1 during summer and winter, pH values were close to each other in all stations. For nutrients, higher concentration of ammonia was recorded in station 2 and lower concentration was recorded in control station during both seasons, high concentration recorded for nitrite in station 1 and lower concentration in control station in both seasons, nitrate concentration was higher in station 4 and lower in control station for both summer and winter seasons, higher phosphate concentration was recorded in station 2 and lower concentration recorded in control station, high silicate concentration was recorded in station 2 and lower concentration was recorded in control station. Results declared that those water characterized as being areas for eutrophication and poor in dissolved oxygen due to it's consumption by bacteria for oxidation of nitrogen compounds and different organic matter which exist in higher concentrations in these waters due to release of waste water directly to the sea without treatment leading to great harmful for the environment among which is damage of coral reef spreading in the area.

Abstract
The present study deals with gills surface area of one species of Teleost, Abu Hakam , Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch/1797) which belong to staining catfish family, Heteropneustidae.In present study used different length and weight groups from H. fossilis. It's range (70-230 mm and 2.23-42.15 gm). They are collected from Al-Meshib region (one of the southern parts of Al-Hammar Marsh) in north of Basrah city, by used gill nets. The study of gill area (mm2/gm) shows that the fish length groups differ in gill area (mm2/gm). The lower length groups have large gill surface area (329mm2/gm) whereas the higher length groups have lower gill surface area (61.89 mm2/gm), due to the increasing value of the total length of the gill filaments (L). The fish of the present study is placed in the category of sluggish activity species that have relatively small gill area.

Abstract
Anew polymer has been prepared in this research by using condensation polymerization of three monomers which are Malic anhydride ,ophthalmic acid , and p-dihydroxyphenyl azobenzen .First of all, p-dihydroxyphenyl azobenzen was prepared and identified by the use of IR and UV to identify both the new p-dihydroxyphenyl azobenzen and the new prepared polymer .Then casting method was used to prepare the synthesized polymer thin films to study it’s electrical properties by the use of two probes methods. It was notice that bulk conductivity of the polymer films (DC conductivity) was (6.6 x 10-9) S/cm In room temperature . More ever, the polymer showed unremarkable response when unpurified with iodine since a small increase is noticed in the electrical conductivity.