Surra Man Ra'a

This study aims to highlight the patterns of poetic imagery in the poetry of Abu Al-Mahasin Al-Shawa Al-Kufi Al-Halabi, in which he diversified between poetic images, as modern poetry has become its creative texts that excite the reader with the horizons of its open interactions and its extended textual references. Therefore, the poet Abu Al-Mahasin sought to raise the poetic pace with linguistic styles and diverse images, to increase the effectiveness of the poetic text.

In twenty-four poems, the feelings of a great Iraqi poet who lived between two blazing centuries and who owns more than one collection of books were concentrated in which he practiced most of the poetic styles. Because of the importance of narration in modern critical studies as an important and constructive means in every art of fiction and fiction, this research studied the methods of storytelling. In the poetry of Abd al-Wahhab Ismail, who studied types of narration that appeared in his collection (Fire does not inspire me except my blood), including objective narration, overlapping narration, paragraphs, and narrative phenomena that worked on time and place. Its diversity demonstrated the strength of the poetic performance and the author's need to narrate one time with an implicit narrator and another with bilateral dialogues, with many self-reflections on the noble pain directed from the inside to the outside of the addressee, and in the depth of a turbulent homeland... and because the narration process cannot take place without Harnessing basic means that contribute to building and shaping the narrative material. The research dealt with the description as well
The description had a role in building the personality, as well as the dialogue that revealed the poet’s thoughts, concerns, and psychological turmoil, which was represented by two main patterns: internal dialogue and external dialogue. The sorrows of its line in poems depended on the pure prosodic weights of the rectifying, the sad, the abundant, the complete.... etc., continued. It contains his life’s journey, loaded with narrative motifs and mechanisms that are very close to the concerns of the homeland, the universe, existence, and man.

The research topic titled "Rhetorical Issues in the Expression with 'Ikhwah' and 'Ikhwan' in the Holy Qur'an" explores the different contexts in which these two terms appear in the Holy Quran in an indefinite form and their rhetorical implications. The manner in which these terms are used in the Quran is more precise than their use in the general language, as each term is contextually and situationally appropriate. In a few instances, the terms can interchangeably replace each other in the language literally, not figuratively. However, this interchangeability is only possible in the Quranic text, a fact that those with sufficient knowledge might overlook to discern the nuances of speech levels and styles. Moreover, academic study has yet to be specifically dedicated to this subject, according to the sources reviewed.

The place is a sacred composition in the life of humans، who weave memories and realities of their existence around its boundaries. It served as a fundamental building block in the birth of literary genres, especially Arabic poetry in Al-Andalus, which engaged with the events and transformations that shaped the political map. This gave the place additional dimensions and stirred the spiritual side of humanity. It represents not only geographical dimension but has become an issue and a part of human life. It is intertwined with various artistic forms such as poetry, painting, sculpture, theater, and more. Poets like Bani Al-Ahmar excelled in composing poems that address many places, imbuing them with meanings that may reflect the realities of life. They demonstrated their ability to incorporate the darimiyya style into their lyrical poems, showcasing unconventional relationships between words and meanings. Through this study, it becomes evident how the scenic quality of places is manifested in some poetic texts of the Bani Al-Ahmar poets, adding to the aesthetic beauty of these texts.

The border region between Afghanistan and Pakistan witnessed military developments after the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in 1979; through Soviet encroachments on the Pakistani borders and military operations since the beginning of 1980 aimed at weakening the resistance movement, The Pakistani government was able to stand against the Soviet Union to prevent the recurrence of these attacks on its borders by supporting fighters and establishing training camps on its borders in cooperation with regional and Islamic countries, as well as the major role that the United States of America played in facilitating all capabilities for the Pakistani government to defend its western borders in the face of the Soviet threat. Therefore, the nature of the Soviet attacks and the reaction of the Pakistani government and the United States of America to them will be discussed.

After the occupation of Iraq by British forces (1914-1918), its northern regions witnessed a state of instability for reasons, foremost of which is the geographical nature of the region and its overlap with the border areas of neighboring countries, especially with Iran, in addition to its cold climate in the winter, the ruggedness of its lands, and the social nature of its inhabitants, especially the Kurdish tribes that excelled, The desire of the leaders of those tribes to be independent from the central authority, or at least to weaken it in their regions for personal or other goals, was also a factor for instability. All of this was offset by the lack of capabilities of the Iraqi army and the policy of reducing military expenditures that the British government adopted after holding the Cairo Conference in 1921. This made extending central control over those areas difficult at first. Still, despite that, joint British and Iraqi military campaigns continued to impose that control, especially after the outbreak of the Kurdish movement led by Sheikh Mahmoud Al-Hafid (1924-1926), Which caused many military incidents, including the incident of the British pilots and its impact on Iraqi-Iranian relations in 1926. What encouraged the researcher to shed light on the incident mentioned above and its effects is the need for an independent and documentary study about it.

Ali Foaad Gebsoy is considered to be one of the greatest military and political leaders who contributed to the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic. So, we find that it is necessary to study the role of this Turkish military and political figure for his great role in the history of the modern Turkish Republic. This personality provided his services in a historical stage that was considered one of the most turbulent and complex stages during the era of the Turkish Republic, especially since he was still in his early stages of development after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and its collapse during the First World War 1914-1918 AD. so this research is interested in talking about the military and political role of Commander Ali Foaad Gebsoy, by addressing his biography, as well as keeping pace with the historical events that the Ottoman Empire went through in the late era, passing through the era of the Turkish National Movement and the formation of the modern Turkish Republic, and ending with his death in 1968 AD.

يُعد كامل الجادرجي من أبرز الزعامات الوطنية في تاريخ العراق المعاصر، وكان لمواقفه الوطنية وفكره الليبرالي تجاه النظام الملكي 1921-1958م والأنظمة الجمهورية اللاحقة قد أدى به إلى السجن، فكان أشرس المعارضين لنوري السعيد، وفي هذا البحث نحاول أن ندرس قضية قانونية في إطار تاريخي.
أخذ كامل الجادرجي على عاتقه التصدي لها، ونقصد هنا موقفه من أسقاط الجنسية عن الشيوعيين، فالجنسية بوصفها الرابطة القانونية والسياسية التي تعبر عن انتماء الفرد بالدولة، فكرة حديثة نسبياً بدأت في الظهور في القرن الثامن عشر، وإن توظيف هذه المسألة قانونياً عن طريق اسقاط الجنسية لمعتنقي الفكر اليساري قد أثار امتعاض كامل الجادرجي فكتب المقالات وبعث الرسائل، ولم يكن تصديه لقوانين اسقاط الجنسية مقتصرة على العهد الملكي، فلطالما آمن الجادرجي بحقوق الانسان الطبيعية لا سيما حرية الفكر والتعبير والذي عوقب بسببه المواطنين بأسقاط جنسيتهم.

This study addresses an important principle of the fundamental principles upon which criminal justice is based, through which justice is achieved. The scientific importance of this cannot be overstated in people's lives because justice is the foundation of governance and one of the essential principles upon which the construction and prosperity of the universe are based. If the public prosecution and the judge responsible for filing the criminal case fail to provide evidence proving the occurrence of the crime in all its elements and its attribution to the defendant, the judge is obliged to acquit the defendant. This is because the doubt that the prosecution cannot dispel is considered a presumption of the defendant's innocence and positive evidence of non-responsibility. This is referred to in criminal jurisprudence as the principle of interpreting doubt in favor of the accused. This study is divided into two sections. The first section deals with the establishment of the principle of interpreting doubt in favor of the accused, while the second section discusses the criteria and scope of this principle. The study concludes with a set of findings and recommendations.

To ensure that street vendors can exercise their fundamental human rights, such as the freedom of association, liberation from informal labor, and non-discrimination, and to eliminate the worst forms of exploitation of children working in the streets, it is necessary to implement programs and policies aimed at expanding educational opportunities and developing care provisions for children, in addition to addressing the root cause of the problem, which is family poverty. Furthermore, the activation of a leading role by unions, cooperatives, and associations is essential for organizing street vendors and representing them in dialogues with the government, considering them among the most in need of protection.

This research reviews the role of the Women’s Empowerment Department - Prime Minister’s Office in developing the necessary plans to empower women at all levels, including economic empowerment and how to access sources of income to provide a stable income for women by supporting them economically and facilitating their access to resources.
The Iraqi Women’s Empowerment Department launched the second national plan for the economic empowerment of women, which included six basic pillars, including building capabilities around gender-responsive budgeting, developing work methodology, and raising women’s awareness of their rights to access and participate in economic activities, in addition to the Central Bank directing all banks. By allocating (25%) of soft loans to women with breadwinners, widows, and survivors of conflict, supporting their investment projects, and following up on the increase in the number of soft loans for women by all government banks, according to what was reported by the media of the above-mentioned department and their official website, and according to the field interview that took place with Ms. Zikra, Director of the Publicity and Coordination Department. In the Women's Empowerment Department.

Soil is one of the important foundations that must be studied accurately and in detail before deciding on its investment in the urban field, including the soil of the city of Baghdad / Rusafa side, the study area, where the study imposes a difference in the physical properties in the soil of the study area, which led to a difference in the ability of the soil to withstand the weight of the engineering origin. Area (758) - Municipality of Rusafa / Al-Idrisi District (505) - Municipality of Adhamiya / Raghba Khatoon Mahla (314) The focus was on the study of the following physical properties (Border Waterberg - moisture content - the proportion of voids - relative density - granular gradient) in order to find out the amount of soil compressibility. Whether it can withstand different weights of projects, whether small or large, the study has found that most of the soils of the Rusafa side are of medium compressibility, except for Sadr City, with high compressibility, meaning that the soil of the study area is suitable for the establishment of various projects The preparation of this study was based on the experimental method and the analytical method.

The research aims to highlight the significance of the indefinite noun in the context of negation and its impact on interpretation. I have chosen Al-Alusi's interpretation as a field for applying this concept, selecting examples from his work, which are worthy of study and could serve as an independent research topic.
The research is divided into two sections: the first section discusses the personal and scholarly biography of the scholar Al-Alusi, consisting of three subsections. The second section focuses on the applied study, which includes six subsections where I present and analyze the examples. The conclusion outlines the key findings, including: the indefinite noun used in the context of negation implies generality, it affects interpretation, and that Al-Alusi was influenced by Al-Baydawi, Abu Hayyan Al-Andalusi, and Abu Su'ud more than others. The total number of examples analyzed in the study is six.

Defense can be defined as an argument set by the defendant to persuade the audience with. It indicates denial, avoidance, or exchange of the charges. Thus, a strong defense demands the utilization of various mechanisms to encounter an opposing argument effectively.
The current study aims at: (1) Identifying the highly used mechanism of defense in courtrooms; (2) Finding out the highly used illocutionary acts (assertives or expressives) in putting forward a defense argument;(3) Pinpointing the most used persuasion appeals (ways) to enhance an argument and move it to the favor of the defendant; (4) Investigating the main types of presupposition (in this case Factive, and Non-Factive and counterfactual) made by the defendant to support his/her argument and make the assumption he/she tends to.
To achieve the aforementioned aims, the study hypothesizes that (1) Denial is the frequently used mechanism of defense among others; (2) Assertive act of denying is the highly frequent speech act used by the defendant; (3) Logos, as a persuasive appeal, is highly recorded in courtrooms; (4) Defendant highly utilizes correspondingly, Factive presupposition to assist audience reach some logical conclusions.
The most essential concluding remarks found in the current study are: (1) Denial, as a defense mechanism, is the most frequent one to use since it is an innate response to a human being to defend himself/herself; (2) the expressives are frequently used in terms of three acts that are protesting, complaining, and praising in return to two assertive of denying and blaming; (3) Ethos appeal is the most common way of persuasion in courtrooms and it is highly recorded to convince the opposing party; (4) Factive presupposition is highly used in courtrooms due to its validity to set presupposition that proves the truthfulness of what’s unsaid.

A rhetorical question is a versatile device used to make a point, highlight, or persuade instead of seeking an answer. The translation of rhetorical questions is a tricky process. This study is intended to assess the quality of translating rhetorical questions in the Noble Quran, identify their functions, and determine the best translation method while highlighting the differences between rhetorical and interrogative questions. The study samples are collected from three English versions of the translation of the Noble Quran, represented in (13) verses, and their translations are collected from different Quranic surahs. This study is based on an eclectic method, combining Ateeq's linguistic model and Venuti's translation model. The study confirms that all the translations are close to the original text, but there are some differences. The most optimal translation method is domestication. The study identified 13 functions of rhetorical questions and noted that they don't always need question marks. Unlike standard questions, rhetorical questions may involve subject-verb inversion. A new punctuation mark is proposed to distinguish them, with terms like "how!" expressing exclamation, "really" or "actually" intensifying, "What!" conveying emotion, and "indeed" emphasizing commitment.

Metadiscourse plays a significant role in political discourse, allowing speakers to express their opinions and ideas via language. The study aims to investigate the types, functions, and frequencies of metadiscourse markers used in a British talk show, specifically, “Piers Morgan Uncensored,” about the Israel-Palestine conflict on October 7, 2023. In this study, the researchers adopt a descriptive qualitative research design and use Hyland's (2005) interpersonal model of metadiscourse to analyse the data. The data for this study consists of four extracts. This study has come to conclusions that speakers utilize self-mentions, transitions, frame markers, hedges, attitude markers, and engagement markers. In contrast, endophoric markers, boosters, evidential, and code glosses are not used in the selected data. Speakers use these metadiscourse markers to organize their speech, engage each other, and express their stance on Israel-Palestine conflict on October 7, 2023. Self-mentions are the most frequent, while attitude markers are the least frequent type.

The objective of the present study is to find the effect of the Syntax Surgery Strategy on preparatory school students' achievement in English grammar and retention. The population of this study is Iraqi fifth-class students in preparatory schools in the 2018/2019 academic year. The sample of this study consists of (84) male students at Al-Zubiar Bin Al-Awwam Preparatory School in the city of Samarra. The students are distributed into two classes; each class contains (42) students. Class (A) is the control group, and class (B) is the experimental group. Both groups pass a pre-test for equalization. Then, the two groups are taught by the same teacher; the control group is taught using the used way, while the experimental group is taught by using the Syntax Surgery strategy. An achievement post-test and retention test have been constructed. The results were calculated, and they show the positive effect of using the Syntax Surgery strategy on students’ grammar and retention. Finally, conclusions and recommendations were presented.