Journal of Education for Humanities

Thalaba B. Hatib Prophets Follower between truth and faisification
There are great debates about the actual story of the one of the notable follower of the prophet that was the Ansari, Thalaba b.Hatib. He was accused that with disobey the Prophet Muhammad ( PBUH). The main and the dominating narrative is that he asked the prophet to call Allah( Subhanahu wa Tala) to makes him rich, the prophet( PBUH) warned him that richness is burden that he may cant bearded. After all, and according to this narrative, Thalaba became rich, and as just the prophecy of the Prophet, he feels uneasy to pay the Zakat (The Muslim Tax). The Prophet( PBUH), refuse to tolerate toward him and receive the Zakat from him. The narrative goes on, that the successors of Muhammad( PBUH) did the same and Thalaba considered as Munafiq or hypocrite.
This research aims to analyze this narrative and prove its falseness, according to the method of historical research. The results will show that there are reasons behind this distortion of the biography of Thalaba and he was innocent from this accusation, and there is no relation between him and the famous verses in Al Surat Tawba about the signs of the hypocrites.

This research deals with the choices of AL-haddad in the book" Al Jawhara Al neyira, Al-Ruja’a , Khula’a , and Al-Thehar ,and study it in a jurisprudential study compared to the four sects. I divided this research into a preface, which includes the definition of the author, the writing and the choices, and two chapters, the first of them in reversion and there is a choice for Al-haddad in it, and the second chapter in take off and Al-Thehar , and he has a choice in , Khula’a, and he has a choise in Al-Thehar , each issue was examined in a seventh order as follows: a title for each issue, and then the picture of the issue, and editing of the dispute, and to explain the reason of dispute, and the words of jurists, and the choice of AL-haddad, and evidences and discuss it, and likelihood with a statement of the reason for likelihood, and then we finish the research with a conclusion that includes the results, one of the most prominent findings is that Al-haddad was not fanatic to the view of Imam Abu haneefah (may Allah have mercy on him), and this is noticed from his choices, sometimes he chooses the view of the Imam, and sometimes he chooses the view of his companions according to one of the four Imams.

Is the identification of the secret in terms of reasons for naming, status, importance, lessons and lessons derived from them sent by the Messenger of Allah Muhammad peace be upon him in a year in the year (6 AH / 627 AD) to the outskirts of the Sham led by the companions Rahman bin Auf (may Allah be pleased with him) Historical events and political, military, jurisprudence and educational lessons for the companions of God's mercy upon them. This secrecy succeeded in subjugating and convincing the tribes surrounding the Levant that Muslims are a force capable of spreading Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula
and achieving stability in it and consolidating the pillars of the Islamic Arab state outside Medina, because the Domat al-Jandal squadron led by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf (may God be pleased with him) was part of the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace and blessings be upon him) plan to liberate it because it is adjacent to the country of the Romans. A protected road towards the Levant to conquer the Romans. Dumat Al-Jandal played a great importance in commercial and agricultural terms, past and present, which makes it retain its own historical heritage.

Our great scholars of interpreter have played a prominent role in enriching the Islamic library with useful and interesting interpretations that appeal to the eyes of the beholders, and delight in their hearts and strengthen their determination, because they have not left a verse but have been exposed to it and explained its meaning, and sacrificed due to this their ages, among them is the Basmalah which is the subject of our research. Some of them have written more than ten pages about it which included what they wrote about it, without hesitation or boredom, love of them to the book of Allah - and fear of them not to enter among those who conceal the science that they have learned and inherited.
The “basmalah” is the Muslim’s saying, “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,” as it is considered one of the important issues that scholars have addressed and paid attention to, and no one is surprised by that. Because it is a noble Qur’anic verse, and they have written a lot about it, and this is evident to those who browse the books of these figures, especially the interpretations of the Noble Qur’an. And interest in it in terms of definition and concept, in terms of language and terminology, began until they talked about the virtues of “Basmala” in the life of a Muslim, as he begins by reciting the greatest divine book preserved with “Basmala”, as well as his life affairs such as “eating and drinking” and “entering the place of need.” , and others. The books of interpretation of the Qur’an are full of talk about the pearls of the “basmala” and its valuables.

The research aim to investigate the effect of designing teaching strategy list on levels of understanding mathematical in developing compound thinking for the students of fourth class Scientific in the city of Mosul for the academic year (2017 - 2018). The total of the research sample members (126) students (boys and girls) distributed into four groups, two of them are experimental by (33) students (boys) and (28) students (girls), and two control groups by (35) students (boys) and (30) students (girls), the experimental groups have been teaching according to designing teaching strategy, and the control groups have been teaching according to traditional method.
To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher has put hypothesis zero major included three sub hypotheses zero, to test this hypothesis the Researcher prepare tool to test of compound thinking formed from (4) events have been marked by total test validity and reliability and psychometric characteristics, After data collection and statistical analysis using (SPSS) results showed the following:
1. There is a statistically significant difference at level (0.05) between the means of the development of compound thinking to the students of experimental groups (boys and girls) and students of control groups (boys and girls) according to teaching method in the interests of the experimental groups.
2. There is no a statistically significant difference at level (0.05) between the means of the development of compound thinking to the students (boys) of experimental and control groups and students (girls) of experimental and control groups according to the variable of the gender.
3. There is no a statistically significant difference at level (0.05) between the means of the development of compound thinking according to interaction between method and gender.

This stndy tries to discover the areas of inter textuality in Al-bayati,s Poetry, specially in taites through The different sources of his titels in order to discover the role of legacy in the new texts.The poetshould be aware when he dealls with them for if he doesut deul with them properly they would come to be strange and forced. More studies tackled the relationship between Al-Bauatis poetry and legaly but there is no stndy which tackles the title through which the poet tries to show their effects on the reader inaddition to the aesthetic value which he tries to add throughthe use symbolism.

The present research sheds light on the literary reference in modern poetry. It particularly aims at tackling the literary reference of the title in the works of the Egyptian poet Amal Danqal (1940-1983) by fathoming into a number of his poems titles that convey signals of literary references through which he wanted to express his thoughts on the critical social and political situations the Arab Nation, especially Egypt, had undergone at his time. To achieve this aim, Danqal employed a number of Arabic folk characters and biographies that imply literary references, taking the title as his point of departure since it is considered to be one of the most significant paratexts that connects the text with the reader on the one hand, and the text with the reference on the other hand.

The research aims at standing on the most effective factors in the direction and speed of wind in Nineveh Governorate and that this query resulted from many reasons some of them are related with the district study area and another with the site of stations of climate factors measuring. In addition to the effects of wind movement in the whole parts of the country and the changes that man participate in like cities raising, high buildings and the designing shape that creates a kind of disordered currents inside the city and also the agriculture and its effect on the wind movement apart from the effect of surface type on the wind blowing from the hard surfaces to smooth ones and vice versa and what results of the vibration of wind movement between the increase or decrease in its rate. The variety of the topographical nature for the study area has created many regions in it concerning speed and wind direction and its intervene through air passages with different speed which is reflected on the ability of wind and the possibility of using it as an alternative power which participate in supplying electric power.

The current research aims to measure the level of moral reasoning preparatory school students, and to identify the significance of differences in the level of moral reasoning according to the variables of gender (male/female), class (fourth/fifth) and academic branch (scientific/ humanitarian).
A random sample of (996) students were selected for the preparatory stage in the city of Mosul distributed to (23) schools. The researchers also adopted the tool of the moral reasoning scale, which the researchers prepared after reviewing a number of related literature.
The reliability of the scales was verified by a group of experts and the accuracy and stability of the scale were also calculated. The results show that the students of the research sample fell within the second and third levels and that there was a statistically significant difference in favor of the third level of moral reasoning. There was a statistically significant difference according to gender variable and for females. There was no statistically significant difference between the (fourth/fifth)class and academic branch (scientific/humanitarian).
In light of the results, the following points are recommended:
1- Promoting moral reasoning among preparatory school students to ensure that students maintain their habits and traditions.
2- Activating purposeful guiding programs between students and their parents in a wider manner and to urge them to help their children to be of moral behavior .
The researchers suggest the following studies:
1- Conducting a study on the relationship of moral reasoning with other variables such as psychological distress, academic achievement.
2- Conducting a similar study for different stages such as primary, intermediate and university.

The aim of this study is to build the mobile phone addiction test of the students of Mosul University and to identify the level of addiction to the mobile phone of the students of Mosul University and to identify the significance of the differences in mobile phone addiction among the sample of the study according to (gender, specialist , Grade) .
The basic research sample consisted of (895) students who were chosen by random method from the colleges of Mosul University for the academic year (2019/2018) distributed among (13) college (7) of colleges are scientific specialization (6) colleges are Human Specialization and for achieving the Research Objectives The researcher applied the scale of addiction to mobile phone which the researcher built , The validity of the scale was verified by adoption (The true honesty, the honesty of the construction, self-honesty), but the stability was calculated in two ways (the method of retesting, the method of internal consistency using the equation Alpha cronbach) and after the applying of the tool by processed statistical data using the statistical bag program for social sciences (SPSS) , The results showed the following :
1- The level of mobile phone addiction among the students of Mosul University is within the medium level.
2- There are statistical differences in mobile phone addiction among the sample of the research according to the variable sex (male / female) and in favor of males and there are differences of statistical significance in addiction to mobile phone according to the variable of specialization (scientific / human) and in favor of human specialization and the existence of significant differences Statistics in mobile phone addiction according to the change in grade (second / fourth) and in favor of the second grade.
In light of the results of the research, the researcher came out with some recommendations, including the need for universities to conducting educational seminars for students that show the optimal use of mobile phones in order to minimize the negative effects associated with overuse and addiction to mobile phones. The researcher suggested conducting a study of addiction to mobile phone and its relationship to other variables such as (social anxiety, feeling of psychological loneliness).

The sound analogy is one of the important sound laws that govern the relationship of sounds to one another in a single structure. This explains many of the vocal changes that the voices have in the case of overlapping them together. Hence, this study concerns with following up the law of the sound analogy as a sound law on the one hand and as a sound phenomenon on the other hand by one of the most prominent Arab linguists, Abu Mansur Al-Azhari, through his dictionary (the language refinement).
The researcher depended in his study on the analytical descriptive method after monitoring the models, images and signals of Al-Azhari for the sound analogy in the refinement. The study classified these references to the analogy in silents, sounds and semi - silos, and analyzed the models of each type in light of the data of modern phonology, as well as reading the views of Azhari In light of the views of other ancient and modern linguists.
The models of the sound analogy that are included by the language refinement have covered different types of the analogy. So, Models of the corresponding future macro-relativistic models and similar totals of the next discrete analogy, as well as models of the related macro-structure and the corresponding discrete macro-order were appeared. There were other examples mentioned by Al-Azhari for the partial analogy of the different types, Related and separate ones.

The human activity which deals with extractions (The quarries of sand and gravels) is a geomorphic item and it may have more effect than other geomorphic items and especially the area of study which has active extraction like (The quarries of sand and gravels) , these active extractions had an important role to change the qualities of shape of the studying area . Here , from this point , I set out to concentrate on geomorphic circumstances and especially those that are resulted from humanbeings .

The concept " Psychological Empowerment" is one of the modern concepts which form an important issues of investment best for the human resources. It is a motivated concept which centered in four sub-dimensions including the feeling and emotions, the personal connection with work and the individual recognition of having capacities, skills and characteristics which enable the persons to do their work well. It also helps them to have that sense of responsibility and freedom when they work, in addition , it gives them the ability to control the establishment where they work. The present research aims at building a scale for Psychological Empowerment and identifying the empowerment level according to the sex and experience variables. The scale was administered of (35) items of four fields: meaning, sufficiency, independence and the freedom in influence and choice. The answer of these items is done according to quinary rating scale. The reliability and validity coefficient have been evolved. The results have showed that the teachers of secondary stages enjoy a good psychological empowerment and the male teachers have scored more in psychological empowerment than that of female teachers. In addition to that, the experience variable was more influential in scoring high level in the psychological empowerment. The research also have concluded with some of suggestions and recommendations.

Education in the Umayyad state was an extend of what was there in beginning of Islam, and as a response for the updates appeared in that era, on the political, administrative and social level, the need was appeared for setting new centers for knowledge and modern systems of education, and started what is called formal supervision from the state on education.

Deconstruction is considered the most modern critical methodologies that received a wave of attention of many critics , and a state of refuse and non acceptance of others. The deconstruction strategy is based on the principle of absolute uncertainty in everything. Jack Derrida is the pioneer of this methodology. The concept of New Writing coined by Derrida is established on three basic ideas : difference, effect and the original writing . This part of Derrida's philosophy is considered the aspect that received most attention of Arab researchers for the deconstruction methodology and its principles is an echo of what we feel and think .
This research attempted to point out an image of deconstruction by illustrating its bases and principles . Our study was based on to axes :in the first axis, we dealt with the theoretical aspect of the deconstruction strategy via presenting the concept of deconstruction and pointing out its most important ideas. The second axis, we dealt with the applicative aspect via a deconstruction study of Mahmoud Derwish's poem " Ara Shabahi Qadiman mn Ba'eed".

The geographic position of Iraq affected the life and distribution of population to a large extent; waves of population alternated on its land, different in their civilizations and dynasties formation, they also differed in their settlement places in colonies, in the form of villages, then cities according to natural and human factors which were and still are restrictions of the distribution of Iraq's population over ages till the time being. At the present time and according to the last population census for the governorates of Iraq in 2018, the population were distributed on three main categories:
The first, from 5.5%- 21.32% and the governorates of Baghdad, Nineveh, Basra and Sulaimaniyya took the first places, The second category from 4.3%- 5.49% of Iraq's population in the governorates of Theeqar, Babel, Erbil and Al Anbar, and finally the third category from 2.14%- 4.29% which was the least in population number than the others and was distributed on: Diyala, Kirkuk, Salahudeen, Al Najaf, Waset, Duhok, Al Diwaniyya, Karbala, Meisan, Al Muthana.

The research aims to study the qualitative characteristics of groundwater wells in the eastern region of Maysan Governorate, which has an area of (7397) km2. Through the research, the chemical properties of groundwater and its spatial distribution have been identified using geographic information systems (GIS), which can be used to invest these waters Wells in agricultural development according to the results of the analyzes that showed their suitability for agricultural purposes, as the quality of this water increases quality as we go from the southeast to the northwest due to the presence of the third time formations in the areas of the northern wells that contain a small percentage of dissolved salts while these concentrations increase In the regions of the fourth time formations.

The present study deals with syllable reduction in the speech of (40) Mosuli children aged between (2) and (4) years. The study has tackled reduction on both levels: word and sentence. It tries to study weak syllable deletion in different word positions, i.e. Initially, medially and finally and to see whether the occurrence of syllable deletion is affected by the number of the syllables in a word, i.e. is the deletion higher in disyllabic words, tri-syllabic or poly syllabic words? A number of pictures (48 pictures) was presented for the children. Their speech has been recorded, analyzed and dealt with in terms of percentages. It is found that the children omitted unstressed syllables to simplify their speech. The occurrence of weak syllable deletion WSP is higher in poly syllabic words than in disyllabic and tri-syllabic. Moreover, the deletion of unstressed syllables was higher in initial position than in medial and final positions.

Throughout the history of literature, literary movements and techniques have developed due to the instant progressive enhancement of human complexities in terms of feelings and individual experiences. Such literary innovations, especially during the modern era, have an instant relation with contemporary political interactions and new psycho-social and cultural studies. Bildungsroman as a traditionally used literary technique has been dramatically adapted to the modern era since the technique itself attempts to provide an account about the matured and one’s process of maturation. This study endeavours to inspect Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man as a modern bildungsroman, explaining the techniques that are used in this masterpiece. After introducing James Joyce as a modern novelist, a detailed definition will be offered about the concept of modern bildungsroman. This research comprises three sections: an introduction to James Joyce’s life, a definition of Bildungsroman, and a discussion of the novel in question.