Regional Studies Journal

This research aims to shed light on the reality of the scientific research system in Algeria and the most distinguished government decisions to reform this system, the most difficult obstacles facing the reform process, and the most prominent proposed solutions to address the obstacles facing the reform of the Algerian scientific research system. The importance of research stems from the fact that the development of education and scientific research is one of the key issues that excite the interest of researchers and governments alike, as each of them has become fully aware of the role played by this sector in the development and progress of societies to ensure economic and social well-being. Algeria, like other Arab countries, is still at the beginning of the road in this area. Since its independence, the government has worked for a development path aimed at developing government sectors, including higher education and scientific and technological research as well as a set of other reform laws, the most important of which is to increase government spending for this sector while developing many research centers and increasing scientific production. But despite all the efforts made by successive governments in developing this sector, it still faces many problems that limit its development.

The research aims to explore Iraqi strategic perceptions and perspectives on managing the water crisis and its associated risks in Iraq. The significance of this research lies in its direct connection to people's and nations' lives which is the vital lifeline and foundation for human activity, as well as a measure of a state's strength and progress where most civilizations thrived near water sources. Iraq has faced a water crisis since the 1980s, necessitating strategic awareness to mitigate its risks. Therefore, the research will be structured into two sections: the first focuses on Iraqi strategic perceptions of internal and external water risks, while the second section will concentrate on realistic and future-oriented water crisis management in Iraq. A key conclusion drawn is the existence of a flaw in Iraq's water policy since the establishment of the Iraqi state in the 1920s, with successive governments failing to achieve water security. Hence, Iraq should endeavor to activate treaties and agreements concluded with upstream and downstream countries, particularly internationally recognized agreements acknowledging the Tigris River as an international watercourse, under the supervision of the United Nations.

The research aims to reveal the truth of the AfD's ideology and the repercussions of this idea on the political reality. The importance of the research lies in identifying the political and national thought of the party, and the factors affecting the emergence and establishment of the party and its beginnings, which is an extremist "right-wing populist party" that provoked reactions inside and outside Germany. The research included three main topics with a conclusion and conclusions. The first section dealt with the concept of nationalism and the factors of the emergence and development of the party. The second dealt with an overview of the party and the factors of its success and spread, while the third dealt with the national ideology of the party and its justifications and influences. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the thought of the National Party emphasizes the originality and historical ties, and thus the superiority of the German race and its right to live alone on its land and enjoy its achievements, and take advantage of the possible opportunities and immigrants do not have the right to crowd them.

The threat of extremism, terrorism, and the operations associated with it have become not limited to an area, a country, or the geography of a specific region, but rather a phenomenon that has invaded the world. Terrorist and jihadist organizations have become transnational and trans geographical, as they no longer exclude a specific country or region in their extremist operations. The phenomenon of terrorism is linked to social, cultural, political, and technical factors produced by the rapid and successive developments in the modern era. The first years of the 21st century witnessed a remarkable escalation in terrorist operations in Iraq after the US invasion in 2003. There is no doubt that there is a complexity and intertwining that characterizes the phenomenon of extremism and terrorism that is reflected in one way or another like the strategies and plans adopted by countries to confront the threat of terrorism and extremism. Hence, education is one of the most important tools and strategies that governments use in confronting extremism, especially since terrorism is a thought and an ideology that needs to be faced in a real intellectual way that countries can use to develop the consciousness of young students, to combat violence and its consequences.

The research aims to shed light on Chinese foreign policy towards Southeast Asian countries and the impact of this policy on developing China’s bilateral relations with these countries. The South Asia region is one of the most important regions for China as it has a direct impact on the country whether the impact is positive or negative. Therefore, it seeks to achieve its goals in its various political, cultural, and geostrategic dimensions towards this region. China is based on important dimensions that give it the ability to formulate its foreign policy in the South Asian region. These dimensions include the components of political, geostrategic, and cultural power, through which it has been able to greatly attract the countries of South Asia despite the challenges it faces. China is one of the countries that seeks to achieve its goals and interests in the countries of the South Asian region through the capabilities it faces towards a prominent rise in the region and the world to achieve the strategic goals that it has set which are in line with the strategy of peaceful global expansion that it has pursued and its policy towards the countries of this region which includes Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, and Bangladesh.

The research aims to clarify the procedures for the disengagement of the employee referred to retirement and to indicate what are the financial rights of the employee referred to retirement, as well as the financial obligations that require payment by the employee to the administration. The importance of the research lies in the fact that the writings on this subject, despite their great importance, are insufficient, and the texts in the laws regarding the rights of a large segment of beneficiaries, but these writings did not meet the actual need and required to ensure those rights, because of the service provided by that important segment who spent their youth in their professional work. The research was divided into two sections, the first dealt with the general provisions of the disengagement of the public employee referred to as retirement, and the second touched on the legal and financial effects of the disengagement of the public employee.

The research aims to clarify the role of independent external state agencies, such as the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau and the Federal Integrity Commission, in combating financial and administrative corruption, and at the same time, evaluating the work of administrative institutions through the extent of their commitment to the texts of the law and the instructions related to their work to raise their level. The importance of research focuses on the necessity of preserving the entity of the state by exercising administrative control over its performance to preserve public money, ensuring the regular and steady functioning of public facilities, and improving the level of services provided to citizens by eliminating corruption and its causes. The research structure consisted of two main sections, each section containing two topics. The first section dealt with administrative oversight of the administration’s work, while the second covered the extent of the complementary role of the Integrity Commission and the Financial Supervision Bureau in combating corruption. One of the most important conclusions of the research is that administrative control, whether internal or external, is one of the most prominent guarantees that has a major role in evaluating the performance of the administration to reach the best services provided to citizens and reduce administration errors, thus reducing harm to individuals.

The legal description of the crime attributed to the accomplice is determined according to the legal description of the crime attributed to the perpetrator - which is the original - but this is not always the case, especially in crimes that are related to each other. Therefore, the research aims to find out the mechanism for distributing criminal responsibility among those involved in the crime, especially since linked crimes do not take one form, as they vary according to the type of association that connects them. Here lies the importance of the research, and regardless of the type or severity of the association in these crimes, participation in them has a physical entity and its moral; that is, it has its distinct elements. To present these ideas, the research is divided into two sections. The first section explained the definition of participation in related crimes. The second one detailed the applications of participation in crimes related to their various types. The research concluded with fundamental results, the most notable of which is that despite the legal unity of the crimes under study, participation in some of the acts or crimes included in the state of association does not require participation in all the crimes, therefore, the effect of indivisibility only applies to the shareholders who committed it - this is in principle - and as an exception, the effect of indivisibility may extend to the partner in one of the crimes included in the state of association in some declared cases by law.

The research aims to view all the international mechanisms organized by the United Nations in the context of achieving the individual’s enjoyment of adequate housing in a way that preserves his security and inherent dignity, at the level of treaty mechanisms and international bodies and their branches specialized in protecting the right to adequate housing to ensure the protection and promotion of this right. The importance of the research lies in the fact that the explicit references to the right to adequate housing, which were included as part of the human right to an adequate standard of living in the majority of human rights conventions, give a legal dimension at the international level to international interest in this right and not to neglect it, on the one hand, and it is considered a legal basis for obliging states parties and governments to ratify it in its national legislation on the other hand. The research included four sections, the first of which included defining the right to adequate housing. The second involved the international protection of the right to adequate housing in the charters of the United Nations. The third dealt with the United Nations bodies concerned with protecting the right to adequate housing, while the fourth followed the obligation of countries to implement the right to adequate housing in their national legislation. The most important conclusions that emerged from the research are that the United Nations human rights bodies played a key role in developing the concepts of the right to adequate housing and linking it to human security and dignity, as well as activating legal procedural mechanisms to be followed in the event of a violation of this right by local governments that are parties to the human rights conventions and in these bodies.

The main objective of this research is to measure the role of internal audit in evaluating corporate risk management for a sample of internal auditors working in a group of public and mixed Iraqi industrial companies. Internal audit has received great attention in recent years, especially after the global financial crisis, which indicated the necessity of internal audit’s role. It is important and effective in managing enterprise risks. This has been recommended by many international and professional committees and organizations, including the Institute of Internal Auditors, and many professional publications have been translated into this. It demonstrates the importance of internal audit playing a vital and objective role for the institution’s senior management regarding the effectiveness of risk management through evaluating enterprise risk management and the extent of its effectiveness and supporting senior management to achieve the general objectives of the institution. One of the most important results of the research is to prove the existence of a statistically significant relationship between internal auditing and risk management assessment among members of the research sample. One of the most important findings of the research is to increase interest in the internal audit and activate its role because of its positive impact in supporting risk management applications and tightening control over all aspects of institutions’ performance.

The diversity of the quality of educational services is one of the main pieces of evidence for the success of any institution, and it is also considered one of the most important decisive factors in achieving the goal of quality. The research aimed to know the role of transformational transformation in the quality of educational services at the University of Mosul, and the role of transformation in its dimensions (motivation, vision, direction, and interaction), and the quality of educational services. The researcher explained the importance of research by contributing to improving the quality of educational services, and the results of the research can be achieved to contribute a lot to understanding how to improve the quality of educational services through the transformational leadership at the university which can improve the student experience and raise the level of education. The researcher used the descriptive approach and questionnaire as a tool for collecting data, and it included 80 samples. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which are: the study showed that transformational leadership has a significant positive impact on the quality of educational services at the University of Mosul. Based on the results, the study was keen to provide a set of recommendations, including implementing continuous training and development programs for employees at the University of Mosul. Transformational leaders can develop customized training plans to develop the skills and capabilities needed to improve the quality of educational services