Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

This paper presents the use of Artificial Neural Networks to control the output voltage of Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) driven by wind turbine and supplies static load. The effects of rotor speed, load impedance and the excitation capacitance variations on the terminal voltage of the SEIG are discussed. An adaptive controller scheme based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed to predict the suitable value of regulator capacitance for maintaining a constant output voltage of the SEIG. A programmable high speed controller (PHSC) is used to switch ON the required capacitor for providing the predicted capacitance. A Matlab simulation results are presented to demonstrate the terminal voltage of the SEIG with the proposed control scheme. The results proved that the proposed scheme is able to keep the terminal voltage at constant value in spite of the wind speed and load variations.

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) as an external reinforcement is used extensively to address the strength requirements related to flexure and shear in structural systems. In this paper, the behavior and performance of reinforced concrete deep beams with opening strengthened with externally bonded CFRP strips failed in shear is presented. The experimental work includes testing eight reinforced concrete deep beams. The variables considered in the experimental study include the effect of fiber orientation (90º or 45º CFRP strips with respect to beam longitudinal axis), the effect of using longitudinal CFRP strips with vertical CFRP strips and effect of anchoring the vertical CFRP strips. Test results were discussed based on shear resistance – mid span deflection, strain in CFRP and maximum crack width of beams. Experimental results reveal that externally CFRP strips can significantly increase the ultimate shear capacity and limit the shear crack width and increase the stiffness of the deep beams with opening.

The Cathodic Protection system (CP) is used for the monitoring system of oil pipeline via Wireless Sensor devices to prevent corrosion. In this paper the use of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection (SACP) system was presented and how they can be developed to prevent the corrosion. The aim of developing a CP system is to provide control over oil pipelines and to reduce the incidence of corrosion. The proposed system integrates the technology of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in order to collect potential data and to realize remote data transmission. Three cases had been studied, the first case is a normal situation when there is not find any problem in oil pipeline, the second case is in the event of a malfunction in the values of voltage by a simple increase or decrease in this case possible controller by the observer in the remote control room. The third case is in the event of a serious defect in the pipe and be output either smuggling operation or malfunction in the anode. Each one of the three studies cases use nine Wireless Sensors (WS's), three Remot Terminal Units (RTU's) and one Base Station (BS). LabVIEW 2010 program was used as the tool to build the simulation.....

Numerous low- to medium volume roads constructed on gypseous soils, especially in the west and north parts in Iraq such as Al-Anbar & Salah-Al-din, encounter severe pavement cracking and premature loss of serviceability. The roads built on problematic Gypsum soils often become distressed due to volume changes associated with seasonal moisture content fluctuations. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of cut-back asphalt (MC-30) on the geotechnical properties of gypseous soil as stabilizing agent and investigate the ability of construct the road on this type of soil and obtain some mathematical models using SPSS program. The soil used in this study has been brought from Tikrit City at Salah-Al-din Governorate in Iraq with (34%) average gypsum content and classified as (SP) according to (USCS). A series of laboratory tests included physical, chemical, shear strength, collapsibility and stability tests are conducted on both untreated and treated soil samples with cut-back asphalt. Compacted soil samples with specification are prepared and five different percentage of cut-back asphalt are added to the soil samples and named as a binder content as (2, 4, 6, 8, and10) % and then tested. The results showed that using cut-back asphalt represents good solution and suitable alternative to improve the properties of gypseous soils by elimination the dissolving of gypsum when become in touch with water as well as increase in strength .....

IEEE 802.15.4 (also known Zigbee) is the standard that has been developed for low cost, low data rate and low power consumption wireless network, in advance Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) need to high throughput and low power consumption. This paper proposed an improved ZigBee transceiver architecture (for 915MHz model) to maximizing throughput to enhance the network performance for high data rate application while maintain compatibility with the essential WSN requirements: low power, low cost, bandwidth, and low complexity. The idea is to design a three code length of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) with three data rate: 40kbps, 75kbps and 150kbps by modification the chip coding architecture of the modulation process of IEEE 802.15.4. Here we need a channel estimation and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) measurement to be on the basis of which the selection of appropriate length of the code and therefore the amount of the data sent. Also in this research we present a detailed technically of such idea, it has been tested, scheduling result, and explained how the system works. The results show that it is possible to apply the idea of increasing the data transfer rate while maintaining the same hardware specifications.

The adsorption processes of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution onto a granular activated carbon (GAC) and a modified granular activated carbon (MGAC) with AgNNO3, FeCL3 and Na2EDTA have been investigated. The surface characteristics of these activated carbons were measured. The results showed that the MGAC has a lower surface area and more active functional groups compared with the GAC. Adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH of solution, temperature and contact time of the adsorption onto GAC and MGAC have been investigated in a batch adsorption experiments in order to obtain the optimum conditions for the Cr(VI) adsorption process. Thermodynamic modeling using temperatures studies was done to reveal the nature of adsorption which indicated that the process was spontaneous and physical in nature. Experimental equilibrium data have been obtained and correlated with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for the determination of the adsorption potential. The results have shown that the Langmuir isotherm model better fits the experimental data compared with the Freundlich isotherm for both GAC and MGAC. It was found that the MGAC has a higher Cr(VI) adsorption capacity (qm), with 11.082, 14.214, 25.842, 25.842 mg/g for GAC, (Ag+1-GAC), (Na+1-GAC) and (Fe+3-GAC) respectively. The breakthrough curves for the adsorption column test was obtained in a continuous adsorption fixed-bed experiment, The measured breakthrough times for GAC, (Ag+1-GAC), (Na+1-GAC) and (Fe+3-GAC) were found to be 10, 30, 40 and 60 min, respectively.

The rapid development in the information technology and computer systems had been an effect and a prominent role in the identifiable electronic systems in many countries of the world, that considered the application of modern information technology systems as an essential tool that contribute to community service. Our country is one of the Arab countries, that exercised the experience of hiring electronic applications since 2003 and so far, it is the most important of these newly adopted electronic applications is the system of the electronic format that belongs to central acceptance of high school students. It is important to mention that the identification text card of the civil status or citizenship certificate card is only the official identification card that recognized the identity for the Iraqi citizens. This induction text card has several disadvantages, the most important is presented to corruption or fraud by manipulating their data by some weak people, This scripts card not possess accurate and important details about the person, due to the lack of extra information fields that contain, so we must think about new identification card for the Iraqi citizen that has modern electronic code. We offer through this work these new modern scientific ideas, easy to implement and employs computer engineering techniques ....

This paper refers to channel estimation based on time-domain channel statistics. Using a general model for International Telecommunication Union (ITU) channel model, the aim of the paper is to find out the most suitable channel estimation algorithms for the existing Mobile WiMAX and modified the bit error rate for this system. Starting with the analysis of channel estimation algorithms, we present the Minimum Mean Square Error) MMSE ( and Least Square) LS( estimators and compromising between performances under different channel scenarios. The bit error rate for a 16-QAM system is presented by methods of matlab simulation results.

This paper presents, the design of programmable multi stage decimation filter for wireless communication receivers using MATALB program in the intermediate frequency band up to 150 MHz which will serve the CDMA, WCDM and GSM systems. However, this paper will deal with the designing and investigation of decimation filter in terms of the filter performance in pass band, stop band and adjacent band rejections of the filter. The multi stage decimator produce low computational complexity and error. In addition, relaxation in the specifications of anti aliasing filter in each stage compared to single stage realization. The results obtained shows an important improvements in the filter response compared with conventional design. The proposed decimation filter will enhance the 3G and 4G of communication systems.

One of the major problems in water resources management is the rainfall forecasting. With the effect of rainfall on water resources as a foregone conclusion, more accurate prediction of rainfall would enable more efficient utilization of water resources and power generation. On the other hand, climate and rainfall are highly non-linear and complicated phenomena, which require non-linear mathematical modeling and simulation for accurate prediction. One of the non-linear techniques being recently used for rainfall forecasting is the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach which has the ability of mapping between input and output patterns without a prior knowledge of the system being modeled. In this study, three rainfall prediction models were developed and implemented based on past observations such as time series models based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA),Artificial Neural Network ANN model and Multi Linear Regression MLR model. A Feed Forward Neural Network FFNN model was applied to predict the rainfall on monthly basis. In order to evaluate the performance of three models, statistical parameters were used to make the comparison between these models. These parameters include the correlation coefficient (R) and Root Mean Square Errors(RMSE). The data set that has been used in this study includes monthly measurements for the rainfall, mean temperature, wind speed and relative humidity from year ...

In this paper propose a new approach for the hotel management problem. The proposal approach is based on counting “prices for Room and Suite ” and provide a varying discount for the guests in state of reservation in previous time. the goal is being to maximize the guest satisfaction at affordable prices and provide priority to reservation from guests than without reservation, and taking into account the other services that offer free booking in the case of him. in this paper apply an optimization algorithm was applied by using Monte Carlo simulator that simulates all the hotel’s processes, such as reservations arrivals, Length of Stay, room prices, suite prices, etc.

The current study focuses on the investigation of Nickel Oxide in advanced oxidation process of phenol. The removal of phenol from aqueous phase continues to be an important environmental issue. In this work, the oxidation of phenol in aqueous solutions in a batch reactor using nickel oxide was studied. The efficiency of the system was evaluated with respect to reaction time, pH, feed concentration of reactants, catalyst load. The concentrations of phenol after reaction were determined by UV visible. The results showed that the optimum conditions ( 100% conversion at 90 min) were obtained at a neutral pH, with 0.5 g of Nickel Oxide and 18oC. However, decreasing of efficiency was observed for pH in the range of 2–12. The results showed that increasing temperature from 18oC to 50oC lead to decrease the conversion from 80% to 62%. Analytical profiles on phenol transformation were consistent with the best line fit of the Eley-Rideal Mechanism. Moreover, the degradation rate constants k and Ke were found 1.1*10-3 (cm3.liter/gcata) and 4.9889 respectively with R2=0.99522. Finally, the results of mineralization studies indicated that dechlorination was better accomplished but more time was required to completely mineralize phenol into water and carbon dioxide.

Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithms allow RADAR systems to set detection thresholds and isolated the target from noise or clutter to keeping the false alarm rate at certain level. In this paper a technique added to Improved Switching IS-CFAR system is used to reduce the non-homogenous effect and clutter wall, this technique is called wavelet de-noising. The detection performance of Improving IS-CFAR using wavelet de-noising (I2S-CFAR) processor is compared with the IS-CFAR detectors for homogeneous, non-homogenous and clutter wall. By using wavelet de-noising a gain in signal to noise ratio (SNR) about 2.6dB achieved for the same probability of detection.

Heat transfer by mixed convection of air inside an enclosure is investigated numerically. The top wall of the enclosure is assumed to oscillate horizontally with the velocity defined as u = uo sin (ωt). The bottom wall was subjected to a constant heat flux while the other two vertical walls were assumed to be insulted. The basis of the investigation was the two dimensional numerical solutions of the governing equations by using the finite difference method. The effects of Richardson number, Aspect ratio of the enclosure, and lid oscillation speed, on the flow and thermal behavior of the air inside the enclosure were investigated.. The results shows that the fluid flow and energy distributions within the enclosures and heat flux are all enhanced by the decrease in the Richardson number. The results are presented in the form of flow and thermal fields, and a profiles for horizontal components of velocity, temperature , and the local heat flux were also presenteddifference method.

The engineering project management is one of the most important elements contributing to the success or failure of a business, there is no doubt about how important is the management to succeed in any area, especially in the field of construction projects that are more complex administratively and practically than other administration areas. The project construction passes through several important stages before the implementation process which have major impact to the success of the construction project and these stages are the cost estimate stage and the initial design phase and the estimated budget preparation. Thus, expenditure on design, including serving the employer followed by the announcement about the tender, at this stage the contractor should (executing companies) the preparation of the cost within a short period of time to bid for projects which depends on the quantities guess. Thus, the quantitative survey of projects affects the construction project at most stages. The aim of this research to develop methods of engineering management construction projects by reducing the effort and cost and the time exploiter to calculate the quantities byusing modern software (Planswift) to calculate the estimated quantities. The practical part of this research includes the calculation of the estimated quantities and the Concrete by using the traditional methods and using the program (planswift) then the results compared with three of construction projects carried out by one of governmental construction contracting companies in Iraq.

It is generally accepted that the simple epicyclic gear train has six possibilities for connecting it with both engine and load . The aim of this paper is to find the optimum connection method for dynamic analysis . Therefore , it is required to calculate the equivalent inertia for the epicyclic for six cases , and then finding the least value for the equivalent inertia owing to the large load inertia used in heavy vehicles .This will lead to a quick response for the vehicle . The main variable is the epicyclic ratio ( R ) , which is the ratio of teeth number of annular gear divided by teeth number of sun gear . Two values of ( R ) have been used ( R=2 ) and ( R= 4 ). It has been found that the optimum method for dynamic connection is when engine is connected to sun gear , while load is connected to carrier . This connection has been utilized practically for many decades . However , the actual and theoretical reason has not been fully dynamically analyzed and understood . Even using other five possibilities for connection have not been studied . It is hoped that this analysis will be useful in future application for connecting simple and complex epicyclic gear train in steady state and dynamic analysis .