Regional Studies Journal

The research aims to identify the most important issues that have affected and still affect contemporary Iranian-Turkish relations and had a role in shaping the foreign policy of the two countries towards each other. The importance of the research lies in strengthening the aspect of academic studies that are concerned with Iranian-Turkish relations, monitoring issues affecting them, and trying to provide a new addition to this field. The structure of the research included many issues that had an impact on the relations between the two countries, including the Kurdish issue, the problem of the Kurdistan Workers' Party in Iraq, the issue of the Iranian nuclear program, as well as the Arab revolutions in 2011, with a focus on the Syrian issue, which took a place of interest between the two countries, and the Qatari crisis in 2017. The research concluded by addressing the issue of targeting Iranian opponents in Turkey and its impact on the relations of the two countries. The most prominent conclusions that emerged from the research are that the Iranian-Turkish relations were dominated by the nature of stability and cooperation between the two countries during the period under discussion, despite the cooperation and political and economic openness witnessed by the relations of the two countries, some factors and reasons affected them positively and negatively.

The research aims to study the topic of the Ottoman Empire, or what was known as the “Turkish Question” at the peace conference in Paris in 1919, which was considered one of the most complex topics facing the Allied countries. The sprawling state, which ruled vast lands for four centuries, was not easy for the Allies to divide what they occupied from its lands because of the historical problems that resulted from the occupation of the Ottoman states by the Allied powers, especially the problem of Izmir, the Greek occupation of it, and the growth of the Turkish national movement. In view of this, France sought, since the signing of the Armistice of Mudros on October 30, 1918, to adopt a policy of holding the baton from the middle, Which was adopted by its Prime Minister George Clemenceau, aimed to preserve its economic and religious interests, especially towards minorities in the Levant and southern Anatolia, as well as to support its political influence in the Ottoman capital, Istanbul. The study was divided into two sections: the first section dealt with: the French position on the division of the Ottoman Empire and the imposition of the mandate system on what was expropriated from its lands. The second section studied the French position on the problem of Izmir and the Greek occupation of it.

From the demographic point of view, approximately 40% of all people in the world live in China and the two main countries in South Asia, India and Pakistan. It must be of particular importance to take into account the interrelationships between the first and second largest populations in the world, as they constitute the "Asian triangle" that occupies a central place in the evolving patterns of Asian politics. In the 1980s and 1990s, China was too preoccupied with domestic problems, relations with the Soviet Union, and other high priorities in foreign policy. To pay close attention to relations with India and Pakistan, China allied itself with Pakistan to balance with India in the South Asian region, and maintained this policy after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, despite China and India's attempt to improve their relations with each other and enhance the level of trust in return, and despite the competitive relations between them, China considers India as a foreign market for future expansion.

The study aims to examine the legal adaptation of the electronic banking card and the consequences of knowing the legal adaptation in terms of determining the applicable law and the competent court، given its great importance in commercial circles in light of the continuous technological progress that has cast a shadow on business and banking operations. The study examined the concept of the electronic banking card in a brief introductory request then explained the jurisprudential difference regarding the legal adaptation of the card in two separate sections, where some considered it to be like banknotes, while others considered it to be like commercial papers, and some considered it to be a special electronic payment method or an innovative banking process. The study concluded with the adaptation of the electronic banking card as it is similar to modern banking operations which is a type of current account, but in a modern form that is consistent with the nature of the electronic card.

Today, the right to peaceful protest has become an extremely important right that affects the individual and society. The Importance of this right lies in the fact that it is the most important outlet for venting political and non-political opinions. Demonstrations are means through which the holders of power know the real suffering of the people because demonstrations are one of the means of pressure that people have exercised since ancient times on the rulers to force them to make the decision that the demonstrators want. Since World War II, international law has become concerned with the individual as a person of international law, He enjoys rights and is subject to obligations, in contrast to what he was before this war, when he was interested and limited to countries only. The situation developed and included international and regional covenants and declarations defining the rights of individuals against the state, including the provision of the right to peaceful demonstration.

This study aims to find out about the digital educational platforms in Algerian higher education institutions - a "Moodle" platform, the Institute of Science and Technology for Physical and Sports Activities at the University of Tebessa and the reasons for its use among university teachers and students and also to identify the obstacles to such use at the Institute. The importance of this study stems from the importance of relying on the e-learning method in Algerian universities and its technical and communication indicators and dimensions. We realize the importance of the development of digital educational platforms in education and the shift towards technological knowledge and e-education. The study included three main themes, the first of which was the methodological and conceptual framework within which to construct the problem reasons for choosing the subject, relevance and objectives, conceptualization, presentation of previous studies, its criticality, and its theoretical proximity. The second axis in which all the methodological procedures followed were identified and finally the theoretical framework of the study, which included a general introduction to e-learning and a "Moodle" platform, then the conclusion and recommendations. The study concluded that the Moodle platform of the Institute (STAPS) at the University of Tebessa is a successful model of e-learning that reflects the future direction of the Algerian Ministry of Education.

The research addressed the problem of the impact of the sports media on the “Bein Sport News” channel on the marketing of the 2022 World Cup events, in Iraq as a case study. It aims to reveal the size and patterns of dependence of the Iraqi public, the research sample, on the “Bein Sport News” channel, and the topics that are marketed in the context of the events of the 2022 World Cup, arriving at the effects achieved among the Iraqi public, the research sample, as a result of their reliance on this channel in knowing the events of the 2022 World Cup. The research relied on the descriptive approach in describing sports media and marketing, the relationship between them, and the patterns and topics of the impact of sports media on the public. It also adopted a field survey method through the use of a questionnaire that was distributed electronically to a sample of (200) respondents from the Iraqi public residing in Baghdad Governorate who follow the channel, whether on social media platforms, on its website, or on television, to know the size and patterns of this dependence, and to reveal the effects achieved as a result of it. The research reached a set of results, the most prominent of which is that sports media employs sports marketing in an integrated manner with media tools and methods to achieve the desired goals, thereby influencing the interests, trends, and behaviors of the audience, and their levels of sports culture.

The study aims to measure and analyze the impact of some economic variables, such as the growth rate of gross domestic production, inflation, exchange rate, and financial progress on the narrow and broad money circulation (V1-V2) in Iraq for the period (1990-2021). To prove the research hypothesis, a stability test was conducted (unit root according to the Phillips-Perron test). Some series were unstable at their initial level and became stable after taking the first difference, while the co-integration model was estimated using the Johansen-Gillis method for the variables studied, it became clear that there at least according to the impact test, the maximum possibility test for the variable (V1), while the results of the impact test (Test Tracks) proved the presence of at least two vectors and the presence of at least one vector for the maximum possibility test (Maxigen) for the variable (V2) with the use of the autoregressive test (ARDL) to test the significance of the parameters included in the model, it was found that the GDP growth rate has a positive effect, while (inflation, exchange rate, level of financial progress) showed a strong negative significant effect on the velocity of money circulation in its narrow sense only, while the model as a whole was found to be insignificant among the variables affecting the speed of money circulation in its broad sense. The long-run co-integration test (Bounds Test) was also conducted, as well as the use of the Causality Test (Granger causality), which concluded that the financial development index leads to an increase in the velocity of money circulation in the narrow sense, while an increase in the speed of broad money circulation causes stimulation of financial development, while an increase in the GDP growth rate leads to an increase in inflation, we found that an increase in the exchange rate leads to an increase in inflation rates.

The study aims to identify the importance of banking merger by presenting its concepts and types, and its role in achieving competitive advantage from the point of view of a sample of bank managers in the city of Erbil. The study used a questionnaire to collect data from 54 managers of selected banks. An econometrics analytical approach, specifically the quadratic regression model, was used to estimate the impact of banking mergers on achieving a competitive advantage. The study drew several conclusions, with the most significant one being that the merger of banks accounts for 88.6% of the changes that result in improved competitive advantage. The p-value of the linear and quadratic regression slope test is zero, which underscores the importance of the banking merger variable (along with its squares) in the estimated model. Lastly, the study offers some recommendations, including the encouragement of banking mergers to create stronger banking institutions that can better confront competitive risks and challenges.