Mustansiriyah Journal of Humanities

Abstract

Research clarification. The research came to answer a problem: Did spatio-temporal differences appe(1997-2022). It relied on the descriptive analytical approach in studying the population characteristics in the districts of Taji district, relying on the data of the Central Statistical Organization in the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, represented by the statistical data of the 1997 census and population estimates for 2022, as well as books, research and academic studies related to the subject of the research.The research reached results, the most important of which were: the increase in the annual population growth rate for the period (1997-2022) to (3.5%), the highest percentage of the population of Taji district was in the center of the district despite the decrease in the percentage of the population in the center of Taji district from 35.4% in 1997 to 31.7 In 2022, the lowest percentage of the population was achieved in Sabaa al-Bur district, with rates reaching 1.9% in 1997 and 2% in 2022. The Taji district center acquired 100% of all urban residents, and the rural population of the district increased from 9.6% in 1997 to 11.5% Of the total rural population in Baghdad governorate for the year 2022. The highest percentage of them was achieved in Abu Azam district, which amounted to 28.9% for the year 2022, while Sab’ al-Bur district recorded the lowest percentage for the same year, amounting to 2.9% of the total population of the Taji district’s countryside. people/km2, respectively, the lowest of which was represented in Sabaa al-Bour district, which amounted to 107.8 people/km2 in 1997 and 268.5 people/km2 in 2022. The proportion of males in the total population of the district was 50.3% compared to 49.7% for females in 1997, the percentages increased for 2022 To 51.2% for males compared to 48.8% for females, the gender ratio of the population of Taji district increased from 101.2 males per 100 females in 1997, to 105 males per 100 females in 2022, The high proportion of the population of Taji district within the age group (15-64) years for the total population of Taji district for 2022 compared to other age groups, which amounted to 56.4%, the percentage of males within the age group (15-64) years reached 55.7% of the total number of males in the district, while females constituted A higher percentage reached 57.2% of the total number of females in the district. The population of Al-Taji district enjoys the youth, as there are only 6 elderly individuals for every 100 young individuals. The dependency ratio for the residents of Al-Taji district is also reduced for 2022, where there are 100 economically active individuals who support 77 people. Among the categories of juniors and seniors.

Abstract

Education is an important foundation upon which societies are built. When you have knowledge, you will definitely have power. And strength here does not mean the use of violence, but rather means revival, and the education system in China is the largest educational system in the world, due to the country's large population, in addition to the diversity of types of education that included all groups of Chinese society, and since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it has given The Chinese government attaches great importance to the issue of education, and has taken the task of raising the cultural level of the people in all the country as an essential task for the consolidation of state policy. areas, which in turn was reflected in the development of the industrial, commercial and agricultural reality in the country. The proclamation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 marked the beginning of a new era in the development of the education system in the country, and the highest priority was given to training skilled personnel and expanding scientific and technical knowledge, although the humanities were considered important, professional and technical skills were considered important. To achieve the goals of modernization in China, the development of education in China was not limited to the basic educational stages, but the focus was mainly on eradicating illiteracy and educating workers, peasants and party cadres, and the main objective of that was to emphasize the development of the country by increasing agricultural and industrial production and emphasizing on Financial self-sufficiency through students' self-reliance through the diversity of education systems that focused on combining study and work.

Abstract

The government of the revolution in Egypt since 1952 has contributed to the development of non-university higher education institutions, by expanding the establishment of university institutes, technical institutes, and others affiliated with the Ministry of Higher Education until 1970. The number of institutes before the revolution was nine institutes, and during the research period their number increased until it reached To 29 institutes in various Egyptian cities and governorates, and accordingly, these constructions and expansions of the institutes came in response to the requirements of the comprehensive development plan set by the state, and what it needs in terms of manpower with high education to manage the state’s facilities at various levels.

Abstract

The history of Al-Mansur municipality dates back to the forties of the last century, so it is one of the modern municipalities of Baghdad, not the ancient one. The urban growth and expansion that took place in western Baghdad (the Karkh side) had a great imprint on the prosperity and growth witnessed by the Al-Mansur municipality, so many urban facilities were built by the government, such as: the establishment of Al-Muthanna Airport in 1936 and the development of the railway complex in 1951 (West Baghdad International Station), this is in addition About the construction of the main Mansour Street and the establishment of Al-Wash camp (currently Al-Zawra Park). The population of Al-Mansour municipality has increased significantly since its establishment in 1965 to 2020, i.e. from 290,157 to 475,752 people, with a growth rate of 0.03. As a result, the number of municipality shops increased from 9 to 12, and this population increase prompted the state to establish new housing units within Or near agricultural areas, as the state, through its institutions and with the help of the Real Estate Bank, distributed lands for the purpose of facing the continuous increase in population growth, which constituted a critical phenomenon in the municipality. The growth and increase in the prices of the lands adjacent to the city, especially the agricultural ones, played a role in encouraging the owners of these lands to sell them for non-agricultural purposes such as industry or housing. The extension of housing within agricultural lands and fields increased, and Al-Mansour municipality faced the phenomenon of fragmentation of housing units into small housing units after 2003 and for reasons Many of them include the deteriorating economic situation of the family, as well as the rise in real estate prices as a result of weak regulations and laws. Al-Mansour Municipality has adopted three patterns when expanding towards the outskirts: the random (unplanned) expansion pattern, the planned pattern, and the linear or stripe expansion pattern. Perhaps the most dangerous of which is the random expansion, as the municipality contains (25) random housing complexes that include (1696) unplanned residential houses. The pattern of random (unplanned) expansion took three forms: the cumulative pattern, the multi-core pattern, and the gradual expansion pattern. As for the expansion according to the linear bar pattern, it was in multiple directions with the length of the main roads emanating from the city of Baghdad towards its main external surroundings, represented by the airport road - Abu Ghraib district and along the road (Al-Rasheed Municipality Highway - Al-Shula Municipality) and along the (Abu Ghraib Highway-Abu Ghraib District) It takes a longitudinal shape extending from the northeast to the northwest. The planned expansion pattern in the municipality is taken in accordance with the controls and mechanisms of the basic plan of the municipality, that is, through the intervention of the planning authorities and according to the policy of the state.

Abstract

The rule of James II, who ascended the throne after the death of King Charles I, constitutes a turning point in challenging Parliament after he professed his Catholic faith and took the necessary measures to spread it again throughout England, but the Protestants welcomed their new king in order to preserve the security and stability of the country and not to be exposed to civil war, as happened In the past, although the king went to extremes in the use of his powers and it seemed clear that his Catholic religious beliefs controlled him throughout his reign, which provoked the English Parliament and its people, and the matter worsened after the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth, as King James II retained ninety Catholic officers in The army after eliminating the rebellion, which was considered a challenge to the law, as well as the harsh punishments inflicted on the Protestants who supported the rebellion, especially the bloody decisions issued by the King’s advisor, Judge George Jeffreys, and which confirms his tendency to Catholicism to renew the official religious and political relations (diplomatic) with Rome, which collapsed Since 1558, and the suspension of the work of the clergy who were preaching against Roman Catholicism, as well as, the king's tightening of control over the universities and their use as a tool to negate His policy, as he made recognition and embracing of the Catholic doctrine a condition of admission to universities, these measures alienated the Anglicans completely, which increased the anger of the conservatives because Oxford University was the headquarters of both the Torres and the Anglicans. And thus led to the effects of widespread popular resentment, especially after his trial of the Anglican bishops.

Abstract

Russia worked to consolidate its influence inside Persia by relying on the economic aspect and sought to banish British influence. It took advantage of the presence of Russian trainers inside the country to prevent internal disturbances when Nasir al-Din Shah was assassinated and Muzaffar al-Din Shah came to power. Because of the incompetence and extravagance of the Persian rulers, the country suffered from financial hardship, which Russia exploited to negotiate an agreement between the two countries to provide a Russian loan to Persia in return for a guarantee as Mark, with the exception of the Customs of Persia and the ports of the Persian Gulf, and not granting any country to build railways inside the country.

Abstract

The study aims to classify the land units in the Tulul Al-Tar area, which is an area characterized by the presence of archaeological sites and valleys in which dams are suitable for construction, arable lands are available for use. The study area is bounded by the Euphrates River from the east and Anbar Governorate from the west, Karbala Governorate and the southern coasts of Lake Al-Razzaza from the north, and Najaf Governorate from the south. Geologically, the suface features of area of study was formed by tectonic processes that affected Iraq geology. Geomorphological, geological and topographical maps were used to determine and to explain the landforms represented by forms of origin (structural, sedimentary and wind). Relying on satellite visuals, the geomorphological and geological maps were drawn using the (Arc Gis10.5.) program and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 0.60 cm, and the network of coordinates and classification of the Netherlands International Institute (ITC) for Earth Sciences. Based on two field visits, on 8-1-2021 and on 03-23-2021 respectively, it was noted that the largest percentage of these units are structural plateaus, valleys filled with sediments, mesa and rocky structures. It was also found that area has many geomorphological features that can be exploited for tourism, whereas the flat lands can be exploited for agriculture.

Abstract

The rise of Western peoples and the change of women’s conditions in them had a great impact on Arab women in general and Lebanese women in particular, as it began to be affected by what Western women had reached since the late nineteenth century, as a result of several factors, including those related to the establishment of Christian missionary schools, and cultural exchange between the East and the West, in addition to the establishment of newspapers, especially women’s ones, and also the emergence of women’s intellectual and social figures who worked to move the issue of women and bring it to the fore, so the research was divided into three sections. The most prominent national and foreign schools that were established during the Ottoman rule were the French occupation, while the second topic was titled (Women and the Press), which was limited to talking about the most prominent Lebanese women’s newspapers issued at that time, while the third topic was titled (The Literary Activity of Lebanese Women), which was limited In it, we talk about the most prominent and important Lebanese female writers and writers who were concerned with the issues of women's liberation and the call for their education and equality with men and giving them as her rights.

Abstract

The research deals with Arab issues from 1948-1958, and Ali Kamal Abdel Rahman's position on them, as the sessions of the Iraqi Parliament witnessed extensive discussions, which dealt with issues of Arab countries, as well as Iraq and its foreign relations with those countries, as the Palestinian issue received great attention from Ali Kamal, and he took care of his solidarity and its condemnation of the Zionist entity, as well as its support for the liberation movements of Arab countries, and its solidarity with the issues of other Arab countries, in order to gain their freedom and independence. As Representative Ali Kamal had interventions and comments on Arab issues, as he made many observations and embarrassed officials with his questions, and at the same time announced his support and support for the Arabs regarding their self-determination.

Abstract

Nizar AI-Zein is considered a scientific and social staure in Lebanon, especially in southern Lebanon , and his cultural standing and his well-known family culturally and politically played a role in his upbringing and development of Al-Irfan magazine ,which witnessd a qualitative leap during his reign and his articles resonated in the Lebanese street despite the difficuit circumstances of Cairo at the time.

Abstract

Italy succeeded in occupying Tripoli in 1912, after short-lived war, but it was faced with violent internal resistance that extended to included all regions, and for the period(1911-1932), and during that the resistance movement went through several stages, depending on the internal and external variables, the tribal community and the alliances that arise from it have a direct effect, while Italy has continuously sought military, resolution. In order to create conditions for the settlement of its citizens in the country, the violent resistance, and the nature of the physical and population geography, that is, the expansion of the country, abd the spread of the population in rural areas, made it difficult to resolve matters, as Italy witnessed a number of variables, as a result of the poor economic and social conditions, what created a great internal opposition to the Italian colonial adventure in Tripoli, which inflicted heavy losses on the Italian in life and money, but the appointment of Giuseppi Volpi (1877-1947) as governor of Tripoli (16 July 1921-3 July 1925) an expert on trapelsi affairs, then the fascist takeover of power in October 1922 , which led to the final elimination of the resistance movement in the end.

Abstract

The origin of the difference in the beginning of the matter of readings is the diligence and mastery of some readers in reciting the Qur’an, and some followers followed their path, and neither the Qur’an nor the Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) has the slightest responsibility in these readings, whether in their origin or in their continuity and survival, and in the belief of the people of The House (upon them be peace) is that the Book of God Almighty and Majestic was revealed by Gabriel (peace be upon him) to the heart of the Noble Messenger (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) in an eloquent Arabic language that has no faults or slips. (Al-Zumar/ 28), and its revelation was in one form without change or alteration, and it was presented to the Messenger of God Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) once every year and at the end of his honorable life twice, and each time the recitation was the same as the previous one, not budged by a letter. Or movement or Bnber or prod. And if it happened, as others claim from the non-Imamiyyah, it would have become famous and spread.