Modern Sport

The physical measurements of active variables in sports as it may reach Bariyada to the best performance regardless of the skill type and no matter how difficult the shortest ways and told effort and here was the goal of research is to identify the proportion of the contribution of some of the physical measurements to test the broad jump and vertical jump of consistency, I suppose researchers that:
- Researched variables contribute to test vertical jump and broad jump of consistency and to varying degrees and impressive.
The research was conducted on the players of the National Center for the care of athletic talent to games, basketball, volleyball, handball, boxing, wrestling, taekwondo, chosen randomly, numbered (230) players from the total (742) for the player, and formed a research sample accounted for 31% of the research community , who underwent physical measurements (mass, total length, the length of the man, thigh circumference, leg circumference) to test (vertical jump and jump broad stability) and make the appropriate statistical transactions, the results showed that the vertical jump test jump broadband influenced by a factor of body mass, and that the total length for the body and the length of a man and a clear impact on the result of testing the broad jump more than a vertical jump test, the researchers recommended that the necessity of taking the results of the physical measurements when choosing and implementing tests to ensure the accuracy and validity of the results and objectivity as well as the need to take into consideration the physical measurements of the laboratory when selecting tests to be appropriate and real results, as well as the need for the special criteria for tests which take into account the effect of physical measurements in the results of those tests are placed.

The research aims to develop specific exercises to develop the move without the ball in the offensive players budding basketball, and identified research sample Ballaibn rookies in the Sports Club of Hilla and hired a researcher with some tools and equipment assistance to help him in the completion of the search, and adopted researcher curriculum prepared by the coach, and through this approach has Researcher The proposed introduction of special exercises within the practical side of the training unit, took the curriculum (6 weeks) starting from 03/02/2015 until 04/13/2015, and by (4) educational units per week, and that the most important conclusions reached by the researcher are: to exercise a positive influence for the development of moving without the ball in the attack organized basketball for young players to experimental research group, the most important researcher recommends the use of special exercises in the development of moving without the ball in the organized attack of the young basketball players.

The aim of the current research was to identify the relationship between movement response speed and the performance of the jump shot among female students in the Physical Education Department at the College of Education for Women. The researcher used the descriptive method with a correlational approach, which is suitable for the nature of the current study. The sample consisted of first-year students in the Physical Education Department, totaling 20 students. The researcher employed the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and simple correlation coefficient as statistical tools to analyze the results. The researcher concluded that there is a significant correlation between movement response speed and the performance of the jump shot among the female students in the Physical Education Department at the College of Education for Women. The researcher recommends emphasizing the development of movement response speed for athletes, given its significant impact on the success of offensive performance.

The research consists of five chapters, distributed as follows:

Chapter One includes a brief introduction about football, the research problem, and the research objectives, which include identifying the impact of competitive and cooperative learning styles on learning some basic skills in football. The research hypothesis is also stated: There are significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results of the two experimental groups (Group 1 and Group 2) using the competitive and cooperative learning styles, and the control group, in the variables of the research. The research sample consists of 304 students, divided into three groups (A, B, C). Group A was subjected to the cooperative learning style and academic learning time, Group B to the competitive learning style and academic learning time, and Group C served as the control group using the tools and devices used in the research.

Chapter Two includes theoretical studies related to the research topic.

Chapter Three covers the field procedures of the research.

Chapter Four presents the results of statistical analysis using a set of tables, followed by a scientific analysis and discussion supported by scientific sources. From this discussion, the research objectives were achieved, and the research hypothesis was tested.

Chapter Five contains the conclusions, including that the use of competitive and cooperative learning styles and academic learning time contributed to learning the passing and dribbling skills in football. The recommendations include the importance of using educational methods and academic learning time in middle schools, as they are effective for students of this age group, as they add several factors for students, the most important of which are self-confidence, self-reliance, love of cooperation, and forming close relationships among them.

Contains search at the gates: ensure PART ONE INTRODUCTION research and its significance represented by the importance of physical activity to burn extra calories for the body\'s need to maintain public health and these sports practice aerobics and Alzumba where it has spread widely among Arab and Western countries it is here lies the importance of research.
Came the research problem: the prevalence of obesity is widely, especially among women and for the purpose of obtaining and upgrading public health and fitness, the researcher developed a training curriculum and study the results of my style aerobics and Alzumba in the development of some of the physical abilities of women aged 18-20 years.
The research aims to:
Impact aerobics and stylistic Alzumba in the development of some physical variables for women aged 18-20 years. The comparison between the two modes to see which is the best in the development of these capabilities.
The research hypotheses:
- No statistically significant differences in the development of some of the physical capabilities of the two tests pre and post as a result of the use of my style aerobics and Alzumba for women aged 18-20 years.
The areas of research:
The human sphere: Students of Fine Arts Institute for Girls.
Temporal sphere: Duration 25/01/2015 m, and up to 05/07/2015 m.
Spatial field: Hall of Fine Arts Institute for Girls.
Part III:
The researcher used the experimental method, the sample was selected from students of Fine Arts Institute for Girls age (18-20 years) of their number (14) students and Performing Arts Department.
Part IV:
The researcher in this section display, analyze and discuss the results of the promotion of scientific sources.
The researcher concluded:
Research Methods influenced positively in the development of some physical abilities and preference application program Alzumba force in the development of the adjectives and Almtaulh.
The researcher recommended:
The adoption of a systematic and aerobics Alzumba in the development of some of the physical abilities and the interest of the health centers using agility placed curricula in accordance with modern scientific foundations.

The research consisted of five chapters, where the importance of the study was reflected in understanding the impact of fartlek training on the development of general and specific endurance, as well as some variables of the circulatory and respiratory systems, through the use of tests and measurements by the echo device, which provides us with significant scientific indications. Additionally, the study demonstrated the role of these exercises in cortisol hormone levels. It was also proven that fartlek training is compatible with team sports. The problem of the research was the lack of diversity in training by football coaches, in addition to its effects on various body systems.

Research Objectives:

To prepare a fartlek training program for football players to develop general and specific endurance.
To identify the differences in tests and measurements before and after the program for general and specific endurance and the variables under study for the experimental and control groups.
To measure cortisol hormone levels before and after exertion, and before and after the program for both groups.
To identify the differences in tests and measurements after the program between the experimental and control groups for the variables under study.
Research Hypotheses:

There are significant differences between the tests and measurements before and after the program in general and specific endurance and the variables under study for both the experimental and control groups, in favor of the post-test and measurement.
There are significant differences between the tests and measurements after the program between the two groups for the variables under study.
There are significant differences in post-effort cortisol hormone measurement after the program between the two groups.
Key Conclusions of the Research:

Fartlek training is compatible and suitable for football players to develop general and specific endurance.
The study concluded that fartlek training can be used with team sports, i.e., group training.
Recommendations: To adopt the training program developed by the researcher in developing general and specific endurance due to its importance in achieving functional adaptation of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Also, it is recommended to use the measurements obtained by the researcher during the study to assess these vital variables for football players.

Handball is one of the most widely practiced team sports in the world and has been able to establish its global presence and popularity. The game of handball includes many fundamental individual skills for playing, including offensive and defensive skills. Mastering these skills requires a high level of physical fitness to perfect the specific skills of handball. One of these elements is agility, which is considered one of the most important attributes needed by a handball player.

The study sample included 16 players representing the National Center for Sports Talent Development in handball for the 2014-2015 season. Thus, the importance of the research lies in investigating the effect of using agility exercises to develop individual defensive movements for handball players aged 12-13 years.

The research problem arises from the noticeable weakness in agility training, as coaches have been accustomed to training it using traditional and familiar methods, far from utilizing modern approaches, and have not considered agility as an important factor in player preparation.

The aim of the study was to identify the effect of agility exercises on developing individual defensive movements in handball for the study sample. As for the research hypothesis, there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test on individual defensive movements, in favor of the post-test.

The study concluded that the agility exercises prepared by the researcher had a positive impact on the development of individual defensive movements for youth handball players. The study recommended focusing on agility exercises due to their impact on the fundamental skills, particularly defense, in handball.

The research includes an introduction and highlights the significant role of lateral thinking, which is the ability to view the same thing in different and multiple ways. It is believed that lateral thinking does not hinder the process of making quick and appropriate decisions; rather, it is a way of thinking that equips its practitioner with new skills and has great benefits, including expanding the imagination and considering multiple possibilities. This type of thinking is considered a fundamental basis for greatly developing intelligence skills.

The problem lies in our limited knowledge of the capabilities and potentials of female students in this type of thinking and the relationship between it and the performance of dribbling skills. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the degree of lateral thinking, the level of dribbling skill performance, and the relationship between them. The goal was to provide a clear and more stable image of the research community\'s lateral thinking.

The research also included hypotheses and the human domain, which was second-year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad for the year 2015. The lateral thinking scale by (Qusay Ajaj, 2013) was chosen, along with two tests for the dribbling skill in handball. In the fourth chapter, the results were presented and discussed.

The researcher concluded that the sample exhibited a good level of lateral thinking, and that there is a positive relationship between lateral thinking and the performance of the dribbling skill in handball. The recommendations emphasize the need to teach students how to think and enhance their ability to engage in lateral thinking due to its importance, as well as the possibility of conducting further research on other handball skills.

Title: Oxygen saturation levels and some blood components and their relationship to the performance of advanced cyclists.

Introduction and Importance of the Research:

Cycling, like other sports, has specific requirements. After developing physical abilities, improving these capabilities is one of the most important aspects, as it forms the foundation for the development of all other aspects, including the physiological ones for athletes. One of the most important characteristics a cyclist should possess is the ability to complete the race while maintaining strength and speed, despite the long duration of performance, without reaching the point of exhaustion. This depends on the development of functional abilities related to oxygen saturation and blood components.

The researcher selected a sample of advanced cyclists, consisting of (6) athletes. Homogeneity tests were conducted, and statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between oxygen saturation levels, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count with performance. Based on these results, the researcher recommended the need for periodic tests for athletes to monitor their hemoglobin and red blood cell levels to protect them from injuries during competitions.

The study addresses the implementation of different resistance exercises by coaches and specialists to develop some muscular capabilities for junior badminton players.

Through analyzing most of the matches and conducting personal interviews with coaches and players in the tournament organized by the Badminton Sub-Federation in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, the researcher concluded that players are unable to perform at the same level during matches and training sessions. This reflects the inability of their leg muscles to endure fatigue for long periods during performance and the inability to move quickly across the court.

Therefore, the researcher decided to investigate this study by using graduated weights (ankle weights) for the players, which would increase the resistance during their training sessions. This would reflect a positive impact on improving their muscular capabilities. The purpose of the study was to introduce new exercises using different resistances through ankle weights to develop some muscular capabilities for junior badminton players.

The research population consisted of players from sports clubs (Al-Saniya, Al-Rafidain, and Al-Ittifaq) in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the year (2015), totaling (15) players. The sample was divided into two groups: control and experimental. The researcher used the experimental method with the equivalent groups design, ensuring homogeneity and equivalence between the two groups. After obtaining test data, statistical treatments were conducted, and the results were presented in tables, followed by analysis and discussion.

The researcher concluded some findings and recommended some suggestions based on the conclusions reached.

The aim of this research was to identify the relationship between wrist joint flexibility and shooting accuracy in basketball among first-year students in the Physical Education Department. The researcher used the descriptive method due to its suitability for the nature of the study. The research was conducted on a sample of 20 first-year students for the academic year 2013-2014. The researcher used the arithmetic mean and standard deviation as statistical tools to reach the results. The researcher concluded that wrist joint flexibility plays an important and influential role in shooting accuracy and success in basketball. Additionally, the researcher emphasized the need for coaches and those involved in teaching and training basketball to focus on and ensure wrist joint flexibility.

The scientific development that occurred in sports activities certainly did not exclude handball, but on the contrary, it had a direct impact on the form of the game. Undoubtedly, skill performance does not remain constant; it is constantly renewed according to the movement situations and the progress in the type of sport. Therefore, any progress in this field will drive specialists to develop their training methods. This caught the researchers' attention to modern training methods for improving and mastering skill performance and the effectiveness of these methods when applied. This led the researchers to use inclined surfaces as a method for performing exercises on them. Additionally, the researchers wanted to add another resistance to the inclined surfaces, which is the use of added weights when performing exercises on the inclined surfaces to assess the development of special strength for the leg muscles in young players.

They prepared exercises using inclined surfaces with added weights to develop the special strength of the leg muscles and the performance of the jump shot skill for the research sample. The researchers used the experimental method due to its suitability for the research problem. The researchers selected the sample deliberately, which consisted of players from Al-Karkh Club for young handball players, aged 17 years.

The researchers concluded that the exercises performed on inclined surfaces had an effective impact on developing the explosive strength of the leg muscles for the experimental group. The inclined surface exercises also had a positive effect on developing the endurance strength of the leg muscles for the experimental group.

The researchers recommended the need to benefit from various modern training methods to break the pattern of traditional training methods.

The researcher conducted a study on the relationship between the rate of television viewing and psychological calmness among students. The study was conducted on a sample of sixth-grade male students, with a total sample size of 35 students and 15 students for the pilot experiment. The researcher used scientific foundations for the psychological calmness scale and measured the variables of the study by using the psychological calmness scale and a questionnaire to measure the rate of television viewing among children. After the students were subjected to the prepared measurements for the study, it was found that there is an inverse relationship between psychological calmness and the rate of television viewing, meaning that as the rate of television viewing increased among the students, their psychological calmness decreased. Additionally, there were differences between the (high and low) rates of television viewing among the students.

The technical performance of skills in any activity is of special importance, as it is considered the key to the success of players through their achievement of proficiency in performance. Additionally, teaching the correct technique is evidence of the success of specialists in all fields of sports sciences. Therefore, the researcher resorted to studying this performance by the top three students in the Faculty of Physical Education for Girls, in the third year, who received the highest evaluation in the applied (practical) aspect in volleyball for the academic year 2013-2014.

The researcher found that the technical performance of the students was not without errors, despite them receiving the best evaluation. The researcher recommended that academic instructors focus on common errors and understand the causes in order to overcome them, as well as the importance of academic knowledge in the details of mechanical movement, which is crucial if taken into account.

The aim of the research was to identify the relationship between anxiety as a state and the performance level of the shoulder stand skill from the swing on the parallel bars in gymnastics. The researcher used the descriptive method with a correlational approach to achieve the objective. The sample consisted of students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences – Tikrit University for the academic year 2014-2015, with a total of 25 students selected through a purposive sampling method. The researcher used a questionnaire to measure anxiety as a state and also assessed the performance of the shoulder stand skill on the parallel bars by four certified evaluators from the sport's federation.

The data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software by calculating the mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The researcher concluded the following:

There are statistically significant differences between anxiety as a state and the shoulder stand skill from the swing on the parallel bars among the sample members.
Increased emotional reactions among the sample members during performance.
A decrease in repetitions of the skill due to the increased number of students, which led to a decline in performance level.
The researcher recommended the following:

Paying attention to the psychological preparation of students, as it plays an important role in eliminating the emotional reactions associated with performance.
Utilizing anxiety based on sound scientific principles to positively influence the player's performance and motivate them to exert more effort.