Journal of Researcher for Legal Sciences

The adoption of commercial arbitration to resolve intellectual property disputes has a significant impact on the speed of their resolution and the preservation of the confidentiality of these disputes, which are of distinct privacy, and that the existence of new forms of commercial arbitration to suit these disputes will achieve an important qualitative shift in that, given the advantages of these cases and deals Company secrets and information.
Therefore, many commercial arbitration centers, including the World Intellectual Property Organization, have established special rules to keep up with the speed significantly, as a new system has been devised to speed up the procedures for reviewing the dispute, appointing arbitrators and resolving the dispute, which are the rules of expedited arbitration.

If the objective conditions are met in the invention, it becomes possible for the inventor to obtain legal protection guaranteed by the laws regulating intellectual property. The patent occupies a privileged position among industrial property rights, and its registration with the competent administrative authorities is the legal means to confer legal protection on the invention and serves as the title deed to the inventor. However, some inventors come up with certain inventions and refuse to register them, that is, they want to keep them secretly and dispose of them for their own interests without concern for the interest of society. In this study, I dealt with the scope of the inventor’s rights in his unregistered invention, the conditions of the invention and the reasons for not registering it.

Investment is of great importance to the Iraqi economy for its role in the development and transfer of technology and modern technologies to contribute to the development of Iraq and the expansion and diversification of its production base and bypassing the unilateral aspect in its economy that depends entirely on the export of crude oil, and for the role of the investment law in encouraging the private and foreign sector to invest and to develop human resources and provide job opportunities for Iraqis and eliminating unemployment. However, there are many legal, administrative and economic obstacles facing investment in the State of Iraq. From this standpoint, this study dealt with those obstacles that prevent or impede the flow of domestic and foreign capital under the Iraqi investment law, as stated in a number of results and recommendations, including: The legal and legislative obstacles are among the most important obstacles that limit the attraction of foreign capital from abroad, and the development of national capital. In addition to the legislative obstacles, there are a number of administrative obstacles that limit and impede investment, such as the economic, social and security conditions, and procedures related to investment in terms of licensing and so on. They are called procedural obstacles to investment.

First of all, The need for mensuration arises within the framework of the inheritance system established in Islamic law on a permanent and continuous basis, where mensuration is carried out in many cases within the details of the science of inheritance, whether in the context of determining the shares of the inheritors or in the conditions that must be met by them or in the possibility of dependence or not or prevention of inheritance. Although the rulings on inheritance came with specific and explicit texts in the Qur’an and the Sunnah, these rulings included the majority of inheritance issues and not all of them, which is the case in which the jurists pushed to resort to analogy to reach the ruling and determine who are the heirs or determine the shares that the heirs deserve, and the analogy is applied either to The basis for looking at another issue of inheritance, or measuring the judgment to be applied in the issue of inheritance on a case outside the science of inheritance.
The study attempted to discuss the topic within the framework of a comparative study between the views of Islamic jurisprudence of its different schools of thought, within the framework of a scientific plan that included the definition of analogy in inheritance issues, and indicated the areas of analogy in the causes, conditions and impediments of inheritance.

The world has witnessed amazing and rapid progress in the field of artificial intelligence techniques, as these technologies have become involved in large areas in our daily lives, especially in the fields of industry, education, trade, medicine ... etc. What was surprising and in imagination became real and abstract after our contact with reality and the emergence, for example, of cars And self-driving planes, that are controlled remotely, but rather the manufacture of a medical robot that performs surgical operations, as reports indicate that these technologies will be an urgent necessity for society, in order to keep pace with developed countries in this field, although the field of artificial intelligence has great benefits. It serves humanity and can be used to greatly facilitate life, but it has many risks and problems that cannot be overlooked.
Which led us to research the nature of civil liability for artificial intelligence activities, which became clear to us that although it was in agreement with the general rules in some of its provisions, despite the introduction of new foundations for judging responsibility for it, it is the objective responsibility that can make it easier for the injured to obtain Compensation, without complication in proving it, and given the specificity of liability in this field, there was a need to find new means to compensate for the damages resulting from it, as is the case with insurance against the risks resulting from it, and to establish funds to compensate for the damages caused by artificial intelligence activities.

The fourth industrial revolution, which has become known as the “digital revolution”, has resulted in a tremendous and rapid development in the field of information and communication technology, artificial intelligence systems and its various applications, most notably smart robots, which have become an urgent and necessary need in many different areas of life, especially super-intelligent robots, which have become capable of comparable to Human capabilities and sometimes even surpass it, which made legal scholars puzzled and hesitant in determining the legal nature of these unique and distinct beings in their abilities and their successive self-development, which in turn will be reflected in the extent of human control over them and their relationship with them and the damage that may be inflicted on them as a result of carrying out their activities; and then clarifying the adequacy of the general rules of civil responsibility to keep pace with this rapid development in robotics, especially in light of the legislative absence of these intelligent systems.

One of the important things for intellectual property rights, including copyright, is to stimulate creativity and protect and encourage investments and technology transfer. Therefore, the government must undertake a number of measures to protect these rights.
The research problem revolves around the optimal role that can be played by the governments of countries to protect intellectual property. Accordingly, the research was divided into two sections, in the first we deal with the definition of intellectual property, its nature and its divisions. the second section delt with the role of governments in protecting it, concluding the paper with the most important findings and recommendations.

Tax authorities and tax advisors have begun to explore the possibilities of deploying sophisticated data analytics and AI in taxation to facilitate compliance and help professionals and their clients with frequently asked questions. While data analytics has garnered a lot of attention, AI in taxation is a relatively new phenomenon.
The competent authority to legislate has the task of introducing a specific approach to tax administration and the collection process, and to take the most successful artificial intelligence initiatives as small incremental steps instead of pursuing a huge project. These steps help break down doubts and prove the truth. And to take into account aspects of justice down to the possibility and inevitability of saving legislation.
In order to add aspects of this topic to the aspects of this topic, we have to address several aspects, including an introductory introduction to the role of artificial intelligence in facing tax challenges, which includes the concept of artificial intelligence in contemporary tax transactions, and the other aspect is to address the employment of artificial intelligence in overcoming tax challenges.

One of the most significant concerns of the international community is the protection of intellectual property rights, as it is one of the most chief parts of the triangle of real estate, commercial and intellectual property. Due to the importance of these various kinds of rights, including artistic, literary, scientific and industrial, and at all national, regional, as well as international levels, this kind of protection has imposed penalties on those who infringe it, especially financial penalties that are of various types. These types are international, criminal, civil and administrative imposed by bodies and authorities concerned with the protection of intellectual property rights. Some of these types are also international, such as the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization. Some of them are national, such as ordinary criminal and civil courts, or administrative bodies, as is the case in some comparative legislation. It has been imposed by specialized courts, such as the Publication Court in Iraq. However, it is the ineffectiveness of the laws concerned with protecting intellectual property rights that have undermined or weakened the process of protecting these rights. This is what prompted us to conduct the current research regarding this topic. Therefore, we see the need to review these laws in order to preserve these rights, in addition to reactivating the Publication Court that is competent to hear cases of infringing the intellectual property rights in Iraq.

There is no doubt that the constitutional texts related to organizing the political rights of the Iraqi people and regulating their participation in the elections, and establishing the most appropriate electoral system whose formulation must be dominated by the prevailing aspirations, desires and hopes of Iraqi society, are among the most important priorities that the constitutional legislator wanted to include in the texts of the 2005 constitution. Inspired by all the visions, aspirations, and hopes that are a reflection of the considered supreme political interests that dominate and prevail in society when writing the constitution, to be supreme rules that prevail in the legal organization of the parliamentary electoral system in Iraq, the legislator adheres to them when legislating election laws and other laws related to elections, and the administration adheres to them Electoral, where the constitution works to establish the basic principles of the method of organizing institutions in the state and the formation of the government, and the basic rights that must be implemented, and the Iraqi constitutional legislator has embodied a number of basic principles that govern the electoral system in the heart of the constitutional document such as the principles of universal suffrage, equality, confidentiality and periodic elections, There is no doubt that these principles are a reflection of the desires and hopes prevailing in society when of writing the constitution, in the period after 2003.