Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences

The aim of this research was aimed to isolate and diagnose the Vibrio. Parahaemolyticus that cause black skin lesion from golden fish and study the histopathological changes in the skin and fins. Seventy-two samples of gold fish were taken from Ornamental Fish markets in Al- Najaf city, The bacteria was diagnosed through culture on normal and special media then conducted by biochemical tests as well as the examination was conducted by API20. The samples of fins and skin were examined for histopathological examination,

Histopathologically indecated the presence of degeneration and necrosis of the muscles fibers as well odema were seen in interstitial tissue, , congestion and hemorrhage were recorded in the same area with the presence of infiltration of inflammatory cells among the skeletal muscle. This study concluded that V. parahaemolyticus are responsible for the severe histopathological changes in all organs of infected fishes

The objective of this revision to examine the properties of panax gensing extract and tamoxifen citrate drug on fertility of male mice testes treated with Doxorubicin, the plant was extracted by using 70%ethanolic alcohol. The mice were divided into five groups: The (T1) was given 300 mg / kg of extract, (T2) was given 150mg/kg of extract and 0.2mg/kg of Tamoxifen, (T3) was given Tamoxifen 0.4 mg/kg, (T4) was given distilled water. Starting from one week, T1,T2 and T3 were intraperitoneally administered 0.15mg/kg of doxorubicin twice weekly for 5 week. (T5) was treated 0.15mg/kg of doxorubicin twice weekly. Results appeared the group given extract display important increase in motility index and turdidimetric analysis of sperms, and decrease in percentage of dead sperm and abnormalitites, the group treated with extract and tamoxifen citrate drug showed important decrease in percentage of dead sperm and abnormalities and important increase in turdidimetric analysis of sperms as compared with tamoxifen group. The histopathological section of testis of doxorubicin group noticed severe degenerative changes in the wall of seminiferous tubules also atrophy in the spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, the section of extract group exhibited increase in number of spermatid and spermatozoa, the section of tamoxifen appeared edema in the interstitial tissue and congestion of blood vessels, the mix of panax gensing extract and tamoxifen citrate displayed decrease in redness of vessels and tissue. From this revision established the extract of panax gensing seeds play important role in increase fertility of male mice by enhance spermatogenesis and have the ability to decrease side effect of tamoxifen citrate.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in woman that originates from the uncontrolled growth of abnormal breast cells. According to the Iraq Cancer Registry 2009, breast cancer ranks as the first between the ten common cancers in Iraq and there is a wide tendency to increase the rate of breast cancer in earlier age group. Estimation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors status as well as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2/neu) serve as specific guidance to select the patients whose benefit from endocrine therapy and provide prognostic information. The study aimed to assess the expression of ER/PR hormone receptor and Her-2/neu in breast cancer patients and correlation with various Clinicopathological aspects as a predictive biomarker.

Method: The current study was performed from the period between Jan 2015-Feb 2015 in Department of Oncology that referred to Baghdad Teaching Hospital in the Medical City. Routine staining hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) test for ER, PR and Her-2/neu expression was conducted in all cases.

Results: This study includes total 30 cases of breast cancer. The age of patients were between 29-65 years with 47± 9.8 (mean ±SD). Majority of tumors are invasive ductal carcinomas represented 23(76.7%).There are significant differences between different scores were observed in IHC test for Her-2/neu status and showed 8(26.7%) out of 30 cases were positive expression.The ER and PR expression status was strongly associated and demonstrated in 21(70%) of cases.The most commune subgroup was Her-2/neu+, ER/PR+ seen in 10(33.3%) out of 30 breast cancer patients.

Conclusion: HER-2/neu is positively expressed in about 26.7% of breast cancer cases.The study of ER, PR status showed higher rates of positive expression70% and was strongly associated. Using IHC examination the Her-2/neu+, ER/PR+ subgroup indicates the most common subtype 10 (33.3%) compared to other tumor subtypes in breast cancer.

The aim of the present study was to explore the probable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale by using Hot plate test , acetic acid – induced writhing and Carrageenan induced inflammation in male mice. Thirty Albino male mice (average weight 20g) were used and randomly divided in this study (six animals were used in each groups test for Zingiber officinale in doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg B.W, Ibuprofen 20mg/kg B.W and control ( gave distilled water).The results were expressed as the Mean ±SEM and the statistical significance of differences between groups was analyzed by two Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) . The extract showed a significant inhibition of writhing response and increase in hot plate reaction time and also caused significant decrease P<0.05 in paw oedema that induced by Carrageenan comparable with Ibuprofen that standard drugs used. We can conclude from the outcome of the present work that Zingiber officinale extract exert an excellent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect in the mice and exhibit peripheral and central analgesic effect and anti-inflammatory activity, which may be attributed to the various phytochemicals present in rhizomes of Zingiber officinale .

The aim of this study was to detect effect of added dates (Al-Zahdi) on broiler chicken dietary. We used forty chicks of broilers on one day old, which divided into four groups (control, G1, G2 and G3). Chicken were fed for 30 days on Al-Zahdi dates mixed with natural diets of broiler chicken in concentrations of (5%, 10%, and 15%). The body weight was measured for each group every week of experiment and blood samples were collected to evaluate some chemical parameters (glucose, total protein, GOT, GPT and lipid profile). A significant increase in total protein (P> 0.05) was observed in G1 and G2 as compared with the control group and G3. A significant decrease (P> 0.05) in GPT was also found in G1, G2, and G3 as compared with the control group. The results of the lipid profile indicated no significant increase (P> 0.05) in cholesterol levels for G1, G2, and G3. In terms of body weight, a significant increase (P< 0.05) was observed in G1 and G2 as compared with G3 and control during the fourth week of the experiment.

This study was performed to investigate changes in growth performance, blood Pictures, weights of internal organs and immune response to infectious bursal disease(IBD vaccine) of broilers fed different levels of Boron (100mg, 200mg and 300mg/kg) in feed from 1 week to 4weeks. 150 broiler chicks (one day old) were randomly divided into five equal groups (each group contain 30), as following: first group ,(G1) was received 100 mg/kg of Boron, second group (G2) was received 200 mg/ kg of Boron, third group, (G3) was received 300 mg/ kg of Boron and fourth group (G4) was not received Boron in feed Just take IBD vaccine and consider as control positive, (G5) was not received Boron in feed and consider as control negative , four groups only vaccinated with IBD vaccine at 10 and 18 day sold, Growth performance of the chicks (Body weight, weight gain and feed intake )were weekly determined, at the end of experiment weights of internal organs (,kidney, spleen and bursa of fabricius) were determined and Blood samples were collected to measured antibody titers (Ab)titers against IBD vaccine by ELISA test ,total protein and determined blood pictures(RBCs, PCV,WBCS,H/L ratio), The results of this study showed that body weight, weight gain, feed intake, , total protein, blood pictures and Ab titers were highly significant increase (p<0.01) in G2 as compared to control group followed by G1 respectively in all weeks. Whereas the weights of internal organs (kidney, bursa of fabricius and spleen ) were significant increase in G3, G2 and G1 respectively. In conclusion, the results indicated that 100mg/kg.feed,200mg.kg.feed levels of Boron supplemented diet of broiler chicken caused improvement of blood parameters growth performance, there's no inhibition of the immunity response of chickens against IBD vaccine.

Nanoparticles are a special group of materials with unique features and extensive applications in diverse fields. The use of nanoparticles of some metals is common and useful in several fields due to the good properties of these nanoparticles. In this work, silver nanoparticles synthesized by extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks were investigated. 1ml of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks extract was added to 50 ml of 1mM aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at the room temperature for (1hr -8hrs) to produce silver nanoparticles. A change in the color was observed. The color intensity increased with increasing reaction time. After 2 hrs, the color intensity was even higher; and giving a darker looks after 8 hrs. Separation by centrifugation, characterization using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and electron microscopy analysis were performed. The centrifugation lead to formation of 0.35 gm silver nanoparticles by 100 ml of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks extract. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed silver surface plasmon resonance band at 400 nm. Electron microscopy showed that the particles were crystalline in nature, most of the nanoparticles were roughly spherical or circular in shape with smooth edges were observed, while the average size of the nanoparticles ranged between 8 and 20 nm. The approach of green synthesis seems to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to conventional methods of silver nanoparticles synthesis.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic (poultry star®), and immunmodulator (levamisole) in feed additive and in drinking water as synergistic or each one alone on immune response post routine vaccination and challenge with Newcastle disease virus and E.coli, also on means lesion score in (air sac, heart and liver). one hundred Ross broiler chicks were used from 1 day to 35 day old, divided randomly to five groups (20 birds/group), diet and drinking water offered ad libitium, experimental groups treated as follows: Group one: received poultry star® as feed additive in dose (2×1011 CFU/kg) from one day till the end of the experiment. Group two: received levamisole (10µg/kg B.w.) in drinking water from one day till the end of the experiment. Group three: received levamisole (10µg/kg B.W.) in drinking water plus poultry star in feed additive in dose (2×1011 CFU) from one day till the end of the experiment. Group four: control positive positive (vaccinated not treated). Group five: Control negative (not vaccinated not treated). All groups except the control (negative) vaccinated with ND vaccine (La Sota strain) orally in drinking water at (5 and 15) days and vaccinated with IBD vaccine (intermediate strain) at 12 days. The challenge was carried out through intranasal inoculation with virulent ND virus (100LD50, 1×106) at day 20, exposed to intratracheal inoculation with E.coli (3×107 CFU/ml) at day 22. The obtained results referred to the synergistic effect of probiotic and levamisole in group three that enhanced the immunity against Newcastle virus, also less means level of air sac lesion, pericarditis and perihepatitis score as compared with single effect in the groups (first and second) and also compared with control negative and positive groups. NDV and E.coli Challenge caused high morbidity and no mortality in all vaccinated group compared with control negative. Therefore, all the additive materials (probiotic, levamisole) protected the chicks from bacterial infection E.coli. But did not protect the chicks from infection with virulent NDV in spite of that reducing the severity of infection by reduced the viral replication.

Clostridium perfringens is one of the most important causative agents of enterocolitis infection in horses. This bacterium capable to produce potential enterotoxin that cause diarrhea in horses. This study was aimed to molecular identification of Clostridium perfringens from horses infected by diarrhea by using Real-Time PCR technique. The Clostridium perfringens type C was identified by using specific primers for enterotoxin (CPE) gene that designed in this study using NCBI-Genbank data base (Genbank code: GQ225719.1) and primer3 plus for primer design. The results show that prevalence of infection by Clostridium perfringens type C was (40%) of 12 positive samples out of 30 fecal samples. This study demonstrated that the direct Real-Time PCR technique is a highly specific and rapid tool for the detection Clostridium perfringens.

This work presents the results of detailed studies of protein quality of 13 kinds of poultry products; presents the results of the determination of amino acids from a total of 108 samples. Demonstrates the results of protein studies and discusses the importance of poultry fats (content of selected fatty acids), salts, nitrates and minerals. Based on the appraisal of the manufacturing process steps the study considers their possible impact on the biological value of the final products that are consumed in standard amounts, pointing out some of the possible adverse effects on the biological value of poultry raw material, adverse impacts of some added substances, increased by final processing. Results of studies of poultry products also prove that the use of additives must be prudent and there should be the maximum extent of use limited as much as possible; there must be carefully considered the necessity of each technological step and its impact on the raw material, finished product as well as the consumer's health.

Targeted research study the effect hydroalcoholic extract of celery (apium graveolens) seed on blood & biochemical parameters of adult male rats. Twenty-four adult male rats, were randomly divided into three equal groups. First group (control) daily drenched with 1 ml of distilled water along the experimental period (30 day), second & third groups (G1& G2) daily drenched with drinking water contain( 50 &100 mg/kg b.w) of hydroalcoholic extract of celery seed, respectively. At the end of experiment, blood samples were obtained from each rate for estimation of hemoglobin concentration ,packed cell volume ,WBC count and RBC count. TG, TC, LDL-c and HDL-c concentrations in blood serum were calculated. The result showed that significant increase (P<0.05) in RBC counts, PCV &Hb concentration in the two treated groups as compared with control group, while the result of WBC count showed non- significant differences (P<0.05) in two treated groups compared with control. The result of (TG, TC & LDL-c) concentrations showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in two treated groups compared with control group. At the same time, the result of HDL-c concentration showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in G2 compared with G1 and control groups.

The study was conducted on 40 Awassi sheep through the year 2014 from the flock reared in Faculty of agriculture / Kufa University. Five treatments included levels of flax (0.0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) %. Body weight in three ages (live weight at 6month, at 9months and at 12 months) was evaluated using variance analyses. Results showed a significant effect (p≤ 0.05) of flax in live body weight the highest BW6, BW9 and BW12 were in the males group that fed with 8% flax it's about 35.22, 46.06 and 58.22 kg respectively compared with the same level of diet flax in female group it's about 30.81, 37.26 and 47.37 kg respectively. Results showed no significant effect of flax and sex in blood parameters of Awassi sheep but there were theoretical differences. The highest total protein value was in male group that fed on 8% of flax its about 74.50 gm/L while the highest value of total lipids was found in the same group it's about 1.56 g/L. The highest value of urea was in male blood that fed on 6% of flax and the highest value of blood cholesterol was found in male group that fed on 8% of flax, it's about 11.28 and 2.51 respectively.

The research investigated the possible involvement of type2 diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction and gall stone induce by dexamethasone, and therapeutic effect of Cyperus rotundus as antidiabetic potential. This study was carried out in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine - Basrah University. The rabbit was used as a model to study the effects of type2 diabetes mellitus thyroid dysfunction and gall stone induce by dexamethasone, Twenty-four healthy adult domestic rabbits were divided randomly into four groups. The first group (C) had been regarded as control each rabbit in the control group was drenched 3ml of normal saline daily by using gastric tube for 15 days. The second group (DEX) was drenched (0.35 mg / Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone tablets which were powdered, dissolved in 3ml of normal saline daily for 15 days. The third group (DEX + Cyperus rotunus) was drenched (0.35 mg / Kg B.W. single dosage) of dexamethasone and Cyperus rotunus 0.5g / Kg B.W. single dosage, dissolved in 3ml of normal saline daily for 15 days. The forth group (Cyperus rotunus) was drenched ( 0.5g / Kg B.W. single dosage) of Cyperus rotunus, dissolved in 3ml of normal saline daily for 15 days.

Cyperus rotundus was administered to -induced hyperglycaemic male rabbit and the alterations in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, total cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose were studied. Simultaneously changes in lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in serum (which are commonly affected in diabetes mellitus), were also investigated. Administration of dexamethasone (0.35mg/kg/day orally for 15 days) caused hyperglycaemia with a parallel increase in serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid peroxidation with a decrease in serum levels of both the thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, T3 and thyroxine, T4).

However, Cyperus rotundus administration (0.5 g/kg/day orally for 15 days) along with an equivalent amount of dexamethasone reverted most of these changes, including a marked an increase in the serum levels of both thyroid hormones. The present findings reveal that the test extract ameliorates corticosteroid-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus through an increase in serum thyroid hormone concentrations.

The study designed to investigate the morphological changes from 25 day prenatal to the 30 day old postnatal in guinea pig, and found that, at the 25-35th day of gestation the result showed typical formation of the plates of all skull elements and show no ossification in any parts of cranium but, at the 35th days the blue color of plates were lighter than that of previous age. At the 45th day of gestation showed starting and extension of ossification centers in all plates of skull elements. At the 55-60th days of gestation the sutures line of articulation among the skull element in addition to the rami of mandible were not ossified. At the one -15 days postnatal showed ossification of the sutures line articulation and rami of mandible, while areas on the parietal, occipital, frontal and nasal bones were still not ossified. At the 30th day the nasal, temporal and occipital, baseoccipital, basespheniod, palatine and incisive bones have been ossified but, the ossification has not yet completed in frontal, parietal and maxilla

In order to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli and E. coli O157 in veal mincemeat, thirty pooled samples (three replicates from each type, n=90) were randomly collected from different markets and butcher shops in Baghdad during April until August (2015), in which they processed and analyzed by different food microbiological procedures. The results showed isolation and identification of 27 (90%) isolates out of 30 pooled samples as 13 (86.7%) isolates from 15 locally butcher shops mincemeat, in which the serotype O157 was detected in 5 (33.4%) samples; and 14 (93.4%) isolates from 15 imported veal meat (minced locally for human consumption), in which 7 (46.7%) isolates were identified as a serotype O157. The mean log count of E. coli to E. coli O157 in locally produced mincemeat range from 2.845 to 5.602 log10 cfu g_1, while in imported ones range from 4.778 to 8.954 log10 cfu g_1. Results profile provide useful information on biosafety and hazard analyses critical control points of hygienic measurements of E. coli and E. coli O157 in mincemeat marketed in Baghdad.

This study carried out to direct molecular investigation of Entamoeba bovis from feces samples of calves which suffering from diarrhea that collected from different fields in Al-Diwanyia city by using polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). This technique was dependent on used specific primers that amplification of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene in Entamoeba bovis. This primers were designed in this study by using NCBI-Genk data base (FN666248.1) and primer 3 plus for primers design. The PCR results were appeared that cattle infected with Entamoeba bovis in percentage of about (36% ) 18 positive samples out of 50 diarrheic samples. We concluded that Entamoeba bovis is important causes of enteric infection in calf whereas, the polymerase chain reaction technique is very specific and rapid assay.

The aim of the study and characterize the spread of two types of endocrine cells of the pancreatic alpha and beta with hormones in one hump camel (Camelus dromedaries ) by using immunofluorescence technique and compositions histological study of the pancreas. Conducted the study on the pancreas to twelve of the camels from AL-Dwaynia province slaughter house , six animal for histological study and six other for immunofluercent study . To identify two types of endocrine cells in the pancreas with endocrine hormones. By use specific antisera multiple glucagon peptide-1 and Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. The results showed that the distribution of these types of immune cells in the pancreas difference. Immunoreactive cells (beta) cells, the most numerous and take a central position and surround the pancreatic islets . The most distinct delineation of the islets from the surrounding acini. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide -immunoreactive cells (β-cells) were most numerous followed by Glucagon like peptide-1 (α-) -immunoreactive cells in decreasing order . Alpha cells were mostly observed as clumps in the periphery area. The result concluded from the current study, the difference in the distribution of these cells depends on the type of species when compared to the results of this study with other results.

The present work includes anatomical, histological and histochemical study of the pancreas in early hatched Goose (Anser anser). The current study was performed on ten early-hatched goose ageing from 5-10 dayes clinically healthy. The animals were anaesthetized by the ether after which they were carefully dissected and examined. Anatomical study shown pancreas it is a vital lobulated organ, pale pinkish in coular, located on the right side of the abdominal cavity between the descending and ascending duodenal loops closely covered by mesentery pancreatic duodenal ligament and Its consist of dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobe. Histologically parenchyma of gland consisted of exocrine and endocrine parts was located in the meshwork of reticular fibres. Exocrine part was arranged in form of serous tubuloacinar glands that occupied a larger area of pancreas. The islands of langerhans consisted of various shapes and sizes of alpha, beta cell and mixed islets were not observed in the early hatched goose pancreas.

The present work was designed to demonstrate the effect of two different concentration of Olive leaves ( 5% and 10%) in diet on production traits in male rabbits .Twenty one male rabbits with body weight average 1.1 – 1.3 kg and 4-5 months age were bought from Local Markets, and they were divided randomly into three equal groups with equal weight , put in metal cages were fed on concentrate pellets diet with green roughage ,The male rabbits were divided to three equal groups and by 7 animals / group with equal weights .The 1st group (T1) (control group)was offered drinking water and fed concentrate pellets without ground olive leaves , the 2nd one (T2) (5% olive leaves)offered drinking water and fed concentrate pellets with 5% ground olive leaves /diet , while the 3rd one (T3) (10% olive leaves)offered drinking water and fed concentrate pellets with 10 % ground olive leaves /diet and the nutrition were continue for 8 weeks . Animals were weight every week to see weekly weight gain and measured of some production traits such as total weight gain, feed consumption rate and the coefficient of food conversion,slaughtered all animals of groups to study some carcass characteristics which include, hot and cold carcass weight, and percentage of edible and non-edible and external parts and dressing and different carcass cuts. The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05)for the final weight , Body weight gain , relative growth rate , feed intake and coefficient of feed conversion in T2 , T3 in compare with T1 control group .While the observed significant (P<0.05) decrease in carcass weight, dressing out percentage , percentage of fat around viscera and percentage of fat on shoulder in T2 ,T3 group in compare with T1 and significant raising in carcass cuts (shoulder , Cotton) in T2,T3 in compare with T1.Notied that there was arithmetic difference in all groups in (Cold carcass weight , Internal edible visceral and Internal non – edible visceral and External visceral percentage and carcass cuts such as ribs and chest).the results conclude that the addition of olive leaf by 5% or 10% in the diets of rabbits may have contributed to the improvement of carcass quality and reduce the level of fat on the viscera or shoulders in the carcasses and reduce feed costs where possible bringing it about place of alfa alfa economic as interest and we recommend using the highest levels may be 15% or 20% of olive leaves in rabbits diets due to the economic feasibility and lack of toxicity.