Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

This paper deals with the biography of the writing self in Adonis's poetic work " Al- Kitab" in its three volumes (1995 , 1998 , 2002). A work wherein Al- Mutanabi is supposed to be its author, hence; the poetic autobiography is his own which he tells himself. The paper doesn’t interest in the events and phases of the autobiography in its own right, but it concerns itself with the event of writing from which it comes out, i.e. how the significance of the event of writing manifests itself through the autobiography of Al- Mutanabi in Al- Kitab. The paper points out three strategies which the event of writing consists in: Bringing and confirming some elements of Al-Mutanabi's historical biography, Replacing other elements and relations in that biography and Adding new elements and relations which are not found the famous historical biography. These three strategies cooperate with each other to reveal the significance of the rewriting of Al-Mutanabi's biography and then the whole meaning of the act of writing at this level.

This research studies the temporal sense for "If" clauses, and ad verbal, verb to be and, excitation expression, to be studied for according to physical context and spotlighted the effect of the situational context in the meaning of temporal sense in syntactic structures, the ignore situational contact understanding of may load to miss-understanding.
This doesn't mean "If" clause is un ad verbal for coming time sometimes refers to the past with the ad verbal time and ad verbal cannot be always referred to the past, sometimes refers to the future with the help of situational contact.
And the verb may refer by its farm to limited sense to the other sense, the meaning is the same with the excitation style cannot be used in general basic, that is according to the speech.

The Psychological signs are considered the most important types of signs and complex because they rely on psychological analysis of the literary text in addition to understanding the psychological state of the speaker. If these signs will depend on the results of the self and the resulting emanations vital to the recipient .
These signs are divided into two parts, one called the sensory psychological sign, which depends on the senses and the resulting in understanding the psychological state of the speaker and the other is called the psychological sign of the introspection as it can not be deciphered only through the inspiration and read the events beyond and diving in the depths of things and this is what we touch in the messages of the Imam and the wisdom of the short The objectives of the Imam and his intellectual vision and the emergence of psychological signs, and through the annotations interpretive books of those blessedtexts.

Deviation" is an important element in literary criticism. It means avoiding the apparent surface meaning and breaking the familiar in ordinary language by putting words into meanings that were not originally placed. And the contribution makes a significant contribution to the maturity of the text and demonstrates its miraculous evidence. Yusef al-Khall and Ahmad Shamlou are two great poets in Persian and Arabic literature whose poems contain a clear mirror of this style, which is at the semantic, syntactic, morphological, phonetic, and lexiconic levels. From this point of view we are interested in a comparative study of these two poets on the descriptive descriptive approach. It aims to embody the use of these techniques in their poetry and to show their influence in the reader's spirit; they are intended to create a new meaning that adds to the text. In this article we have adopted a descriptive descriptive approach to uncover the intricacies of the biographical features in the poetry of Yusuf al-Khal and Ahmad Shamlou.

Women have been oppressed in different times and in different ways and they have lost her rights since Jahiliyyah (the period of ignorance) up to now. According to great sociologists, this era is a new and different era of Jahiliyyah. Now, in the twenty-first century, there are beliefs based on ignorancein some cities and villages that deprive women of their right to education and even the right of reading and writing. Furthermore, their rights are violated by some authors in their works. Therefore, in this study, through sociological analysis and research, we realize that Mikhail Naimy derides woman and portrays her in a disgraceful way in his stories. Using descriptive-analytic research method, we came to conclusions,some of which are as followed. The author is afraid of relationships with women and regards these relationships as sources of all the sins. According to the fact that the author had joined the Sufi sect and based on his philosophical thoughts, women are portrayed as if they are sources of man's affliction and committing sins. Finally, women harass men constantly. He discourages men from marrying women in most of his stories.

Bibliography is a collection of technical methods to verify, organize, and evaluate the basic information of books such as author, edition, publishing house, number of pages. The Bosari is one of the most important poets of the era of the Mamluk especially in the field of the Prophet's prophecies and is considered to be one of the most prominent cultural phenomena that played a dangerous role in influencing the conscience and cultural awareness in the Arab and Islamic world in the East and West, both in the past and in the modern era. Good for research, study and a jar to distract me. This research therefore includes bibliography of the sources and references of the famous poet in order to obtain new information from his life. This study is divided into two parts: the first section, which is divided into private sources, namely the poet's literature and then the public sources, ie the books written before 1850 and the second section, which includes 21 books and 10 articles and a message on this subject. Representing 42 sources and references. The most important findings in this study can be summarized as follows: References and sources dealt with the subject in different ways and in multiple sections, but usually include the date of birth of the poet and his death, birth, reason for naming him, his living conditions, his teachers, his ordeal in Eastern His poetry and other works refer to the establishment of a library for the teaching of the Qur'an and its sanctities and the designation of the mosque in its name. The first to open the door of Nabawi in the Mamluk era is the Buzari, especially in his poem known as the cold. Al-Burda has influenced literary, religious and historical studies. The authors have proven their historical and religious references, and their influence on the literary movement is also crystal clear, including its incorporation, marginalization, breeding, adaptation and opposition with a wide range of people. His style in his poetry is divided into two parts: the easy style of his poetry and the style of poetry that the poet has limited to his religious and prophetic poetry.

The textual linguistics emerged as a new direction in the modern linguistic lesson. It concern to move from the analysis of the sentence to the analysis of the text as the main communication unit among the speakers. It was based on a number of concepts and procedures. The most important of these is the concept of textual cohesion , The distinction between text and non-text, and the reference is one of the most important means of textual consistency adopted by researchers in this field, it is one of the most widespread linguistic phenomena in the texts with its various elements, such as reference by pronouns, demonstratives, comparison tools, and relative names , all of which contributed to, the cohesion of the text in the supplications of Imam Ali

The search is an investigation of the Hamdani script, which dealt with the meaning of the verse ((God be upon him)), which appeared in Surah Al-Fath tenth verse, the author sought to raise the distraction in this place. And the message is based on a question of the question of the sign of Hamdani on the problem of lifting the distraction in the text of the Holy, and address the answer without the extrapolation in the grammatical linguistic style quoted in the languages of the Arabs in this place, The author used the words of the Arabs and scholars, and sources of the Koran and Arabic poetry, and the words of the Arabs, has been submitted to investigate a study in which I mentioned the author and the letter, of his biography and personality, as well as the letter title, copied, and attributed, and built, so many sources to clarify and stand it, Including Vaidh.tm study reinforced a set of results, including the author and encyclopedic erudition and wisdom of his style, and integrative approach in which to reach goals only answer liquid

This research studies the effect of the Kufi rise on the poetry of Abul-Tayeb Al-Mutanabi who lived there for more than fifteen years. This rise had a great effect on different aspects of the poetry of Al-Mutanabi which this study attempts to reveal. These aspects could be summarized as following:-
Firstly:- the revolutionary effect
Secondly:- The linguistic effect
Thirdly:- the philosophical effect
Fourthly:- the religious effect
Fifthly:- the social effect
It is obvious that the first rise of any poet, or even any Man, has a great effect on his life and on his achievements, especially if he was a poet, in addition to the natural characteristics that formed, with the environment, the individual character.
This research attempt to exhibit an effective aspect in the poetry of Abul-Tayeb which his first rise in Al-Kufa.

The narrative dialogue is one of the most important literature arts; it is an art which open a gate to the literature inventories, starts by fiction, enthusiastic and mythic etc…, till it reaches to its modern paradigm that we know it today as romans or short stories, it has special values and feature manners. While starting reading the “farewell” roman, we’ll find the narrative dialogue elements so obviously, in which you’ll find that the events is rolling on many different characters, also you’ll find the extraordinarily and repetitive elements, therefore the common definitions of this roman is obviously indisputable.
The aim of this thesis is studying the narration elements through a descriptive and annalistic manner, trying to answer the question about that how Nabil Farouq used the characteristic, chronicle, locality, conversation, repetitive, and extraordinarily elements in “farewell”. At the end of this paper we reached some conclusions about the types of the characters and the chronicle element variety, on the other side, the element of locality was carefully selected because of its importance in the roman’s events, the dialogue of the conversation element in this roman is more than the monologue because of the nature of the roman itself, in which the monologue almost banded on the inner thoughts of the character. The repetitive element was attractive because it’s different events, but the type of the extraordinarily is the type of the realistic one.

The present paper deals with the subject of nostalgia, its roots and different manifestations in the poetry of the Iraqi contemporary poet, Marouf Rosafi. Relying on the descriptive-analytic method and the contemporary literary resources especially his complete poetical work, the author has analyzed these different manifestations. Scrutinizing the complete poetical work of this poet, the author has reach to different forms of nostalgia such as social, place, spiritual, political, economic nostalgias which are all emerged from the crises afflicting Iraq. Finally, the paper came to this conclusion that occupying homeland, public disorder, sedition and chaos are among the reasons which have had a great effect in formation of nostalgia; therefore, his odes are indicative of alienation and destruction.

Our research entitled \"Body picture of Al-Hussein from typical to uniqueness critical compatibility in modern and contemporary\" goes to shed light on the development of the picture of Al-Imam Al- Hussein\'s body (peace be upon him) fallen in lamentation, starting with his own poetic patterns in the past and in our modern age where we stood presenting and analyzing, describing the field of study and research, following the features of evolution for that performance reaching its climax in modern poetry.
The study concluded that the picture of Al-Hussein\'s Body in Arabic poetry was nothing but a symbolic wailing picture which belongs to that group who tried to symbolize it and keep its details in the memory of the generations.
While in modern poetry it has the 19th century and the first three decades of the 20th century the continuity of ancestor\'s style in that performance with a limited number of attempts and experiment to change the mechanism of that picture, but they weren\'t able escape its frame of tragedy in herited in both vision and direction.
In the latest 40\'s of the past century, it appeared on Al- Jawahiri\'s approach the renewal features and transformation of the Body picture Especially in his poem \"I believed in Al- Hussein\" which draws anew picture for the Body connected to the revolting spirit firstly and the poet\'s spirit and vision\'s secondly, to keep the evolution picture of on the track of modern poetry taking new tracks and other directions.

The peot Ahmed Al-Waeli has poem "Baghdad" in 1960 during a very hard time of Iraqi history. This poem was a real embodent of these miserable situations. The poet has applied the grammatical coherence tools such as (relative and implied pronouns) that occupied a wide range within the poem. The poet also has employed the demonstratives and relative clauses in addition to the lexicographical tools such as (adjectives and contrast ) that have played an important role cohesion.