Midad Al-Adab Refereed Journal

This research attempts to identify the forms of expression in the Qur’anic text, through the application of a linguistic theory, which is (the theory of semantic fields), as the application of this theory contributes to identifying the methods of Qur’anic expression in any topic addressed by the Qur’anic discourse, through studying its words and expressive contexts that represent its circumstances. The topic of (death) was chosen from the topics of the Qur’anic discourse to apply the research methodology, as this topic is one of the most important topics in which the forms of Qur’anic verbal and contextual expression emerged, from direct and indirect expression, and another implicit suggestive and other symbolic or rhetorical, which together constitute the language of death in the Qur’anic discourse.

It is a door with a precise approach, a delicate approach, and a strange matter similar to magic, for you see in it that leaving the mention is more eloquent than mentioning, and silence about the benefit is more beneficial, and you find yourself most eloquent if you do not speak, and most complete in explanation if you do not explain.

This is what Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani (d. 474 AH) said about deletion, and from these words the two researchers started their research entitled: (Deletion of the Related and its Applications in Surat An-Najm - A Semantic and Grammatical Study); as they were certain of the rhetorical value of deletion, especially if the study is in the context of the Holy Quran, the Word of God, and on it the idea of ​​the research was built between theorizing about the places of deletion in the language, and the application in a Surah of the Surahs of the Holy Quran.

The Qur’an is full of places of deletion, and the researchers’ share was Surat An-Najm, so they tried to highlight the places of deletion and its beauty, relying in that on the main sources that are concerned with the grammatical aspect as well as the rhetorical and semantic aspects.

The research addressed one of the most important aspects of the letters of revelation, with which the heritage of language and the revelation of heaven were recorded, the Qur’an and Sunnah. It addressed the great impact that the stability of those letters, in writing and pronunciation, has on the heritage they carry. It touched on the repercussions of the sounds emanating from here and there, calling for changing and tampering with those letters, and on some of the unintended secretions that took steps towards that forbidden change. It came in three sections. In the first, I studied the most important challenges facing the letters of the wise revelation and ways to confront them, while the second section presents the most important sayings and claims adopted by advocates of change. The third section came to present some of the individual and societal errors prevalent in a group of the letters of revelation at the level of performance and pronunciation, or at the level of drawing and writing, and to review their most important semantic dimensions. The conclusion was then presented to record the most important results reached by the research, followed by a sequential narration of the sources and references from which it benefited.

After this scientific tour in the Holy Quran, I must conclude by mentioning the results I have reached in this study, which I summarize as follows:

Duals are derived in the language from the word (two), which is everything that includes two, or is made up of two.

In terminology, duals are words that are linked to each other by relationships or ties that bring them together, whether moral or material. And which often, if one of them is mentioned, the other is mentioned.

The mention of night and day in the Holy Quran is linked in (43) places, including (21) places with the word (night and day).
The conditions of the succession of night and day are represented by covering, turning, entering, shedding, and rolling up.
The characteristics of the duality of night and day are represented by the permanence of God Almighty's protection, the non-overlap of times, and that they are owned by God Almighty, and the implementation of God Almighty's command in them
The succession of night and day on the two halves of the earth is necessary for life; Because all forms of earthly life, including humans, animals, plants, and other simple forms of life, cannot tolerate continuing to work without rest, otherwise they will perish. They need rest at night to regain their activity during the day. Among the benefits of night and day: the succession and distribution of work, and their connection to worship.

The science of readings is a great science that has a great position among the Islamic sciences. It was the focus of the attention of the great scholars of the nation, the ancients, and at the head of these scholars is the great follower, the owner of abundant knowledge, great understanding, and enlightened insight, Saeed bin Jubair. This science played a great role in transmitting the Islamic sciences, from interpretive narrations, jurisprudential opinions, and the Quranic readings in which the importance of the research topic lies, as many people think that Saeed bin Jubair, may God have mercy on him, did not have any effort or role in the Quranic readings. Therefore, I wanted to show his great interest in the readings by examining some examples of his narrations and efforts in the readings.

The study sheds light on one of the early biographers and campaign writers who accompanied the beginning of Arab-Islamic historical documentation in the second half of the second century AH/eighth century AD, namely (Wathima bin Musa bin Al-Furat Al-Washa), who died in the year (R 237 AH/851 AD), who did not enjoy a status in modern and contemporary historical studies like that of his contemporaries or those who came after him, despite the fact that his historical production in the field of biography and campaigns became a reference for a considerable number of biographers, campaign writers, companions, biographies, and others.

The Khwarazmian region was an economically rich region and its people lived in a good economic situation, which made it easy for them to send their children to schools and to study circles in the mosques. In addition, the Khwarazmian sultans were interested in scientific and literary activity, so they encouraged scholars, jurists, writers and poets until some of them gained a prestigious position with the Khwarazm rulers. These scholars excelled in teaching and classification, and these scholars played two roles: the first was to guide society to follow the path of Islam and the religion of justice and equality through their role in the mosques and their sermons, and the second was through their preparation of a class of educated students who took upon themselves the responsibility of carrying the message of Islam to the following generations. Through this, the scientific, educational and literary movement in the Khwarazmian country became active and religious sciences gained a leading position in interest, study and research.

Al-Ma'mun was a leader of justice, a jurist of the soul, and was considered one of the greatest scholars. Therefore, the nation advanced during his reign in most areas of life, and the Arab sciences reached the peak of their development, especially after learning about the sciences and arts of other countries. Translation played a prominent and distinctive role in translating the sciences of these countries into Arabic in order to benefit from them. Caliph Al-Ma'mun took care of this type of science (translation) and made its men and methods for it and lavished money on them. Translation reached advanced stages during his reign. For this reason, I was determined to show the reader the stages that translation went through, its development, and the position of Caliph Al-Ma'mun towards it through this research.

He - Glory be to Him - said: {Allah would not leave the believers in that state you are in until He distinguishes the evil from the good. And Allah would not inform you of the unseen, but Allah chooses from among His messengers whom He wills. So believe in Allah and His messengers. And if you believe and fear Allah, you will have a great reward.} ([1])

These verses describe the battle in detail, and shed light on the secrets of souls and the depths of hearts. It was an education for the nation in every time and place, and lessons that are passed down from generation to generation. This great battle is a living example of the trials and tribulations that Muslims are going through today. It is more appropriate for us to stop at it and benefit from its lessons and morals. The nation is in dire need, as it passes through this critical stage in its history, to review itself, regain its memory, and understand the biography of its Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace. Uhud is a victory, not a defeat. It is a battle full of lessons and morals. Its events are bright pages that are passed down from generation to generation. I will address the subject through two pillars: the first is the name, location, and reason. Second: The Prophet’s military movements in this battle.

With the help of Allah Almighty, I started a series of writing about the biographies of the martyrs of Islam from the noble companions. I started with the martyrs of the Battle of Badr, then Al-Raji’, then the journey took me to “The Martyrs of the Battle of Yamama.” The Battle of Yamama has great importance in the history of Muslims, as it occurred during the great ordeal of Muslims, which was the loss of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the apostasy of many tribes from Islam. After searching and counting the sources that were concerned with mentioning the names of the Companions and the dates of Islam, I found that they mentioned that the number of martyrs of the Battle of Yamamah from the Muhajireen and Ansar was “fifty-eight martyrs,” and this is what Khalifa bin Khayyat mentioned in his history, and Al-Dhahabi agreed with him on that in the History of Islam. But what became clear to me after settling and following up is that this number is not accurate; because through my following up and reading the biographies of the Companions, I found that the correct number is “seventy-five martyrs,” as I will explain in the content of the research. Due to the large number of martyrs and fear of prolongation and boredom, I was forced to separate the martyrs from the Muhajireen and Ansar, so I made them into two independent researches, and in this research I will address the martyrs from the Muhajireen.

The Sudan issue witnessed clear interference by Britain and Egypt before and after the outbreak of the July 1952 Revolution. Each party was trying to achieve its political goals at the expense of the Sudanese people’s desire to determine the fate of their country. Egypt wanted Sudan to be an integral part of Egypt, while Britain supported the movement calling for secession from Egypt. This latter position does not reflect Britain’s supportive stance towards the Sudan issue as much as it is related to the fact that Britain is against the idea of ​​any unification project in the region because this matter conflicts with achieving its colonial interests in the region. Therefore, Britain was eventually able to convince even the movement calling for the unity of Egypt towards secession until Ismail al-Azhari declared explicitly in 1955 before the Bandung Conference Sudan’s desire for independence from Egypt. Therefore, Egypt felt embarrassed before the international community, which forced it to submit to the will of the Sudanese people and their desire for independence from Egypt, which was achieved in January 1956, despite the fact that the Egyptian government’s desire was moving before this towards achieving the idea of ​​the unity of the Nile Valley.

Another question was raised about the global crisis and the safety of the global economic system, and whether the global financial system would be a source for solving the crises of this system, as Islamic institutions, banks and financial institutions witnessed growth and development in their various financial products and tools during the crisis, and achieved effective success in dealing with Islamic bonds and instruments, which were relatively affected, although they operate in the same environment as traditional usurious financial institutions. So, traditional banks were affected by the global crisis because they deal with the usurious system and other systems that contradict Islamic law, while Islamic banks were not affected, but rather flourished, as we mentioned earlier.

This research constitutes an important step within a set of steps through which the type of press coverage carried out by Iraqi newspapers is determined and how they address important issues concerning the country, including (provincial council elections), as the need remains constant to conduct research of this type with every new issue to identify the positives and negatives of this coverage. This research was concerned with conducting a content analysis of the topics published by Al-Sabah and Al-Zaman newspapers (Baghdad edition) during the period ranging from 20/3/2013 to 9/4/2013, which is the period specified by the High Electoral Commission for conducting election campaigns.

Recent studies indicate the presence of hyperactivity disorder in a percentage of children in pre-school and school-age groups. School health specialists, in addition to psychiatric clinics, confirm that it causes psychological, health, educational, social and legal problems. The global prevalence is estimated at (6-9%), and the material losses are estimated at (98) million dollars annually. (23%) of these children are victims or cause a similar percentage of deaths to others due to their speed and lack of attention. While biological studies give (43%) of the causality to heredity, studies in the field of social psychology have given the greatest role to family upbringing. Iraqi psychological specialists have recently indicated the presence of the problem of hyperactivity and lack of attention in the Iraqi environment, in addition to a set of consequences resulting from it, such as poor academic performance and destruction of public and private property. Therefore, the current research came as a pioneering attempt to approach this behavior in the Iraqi environment, and whether the psychological and social characteristics of the family environment have a role in its emergence and development?

Linguistic ability occupies a prominent position in the mental organization of man (Al-Sheikh, 1982: 240). Research and studies have confirmed that linguistic ability is the factor most responsible for individual differences in mental activity - after the general factor - (Abu Hatab, 1973: 295), as Skinner indicates the existence of a positive correlation coefficient between intelligence results and linguistic ability. Terman confirms that the linguistic test has a better value than any intelligence test (Hermes, 1989: 11).

In the current time there is an increase in the global interest concerning the atmospheric changes in the world, threatening for a vanishing to the botanical and biological environments from the surface of the globe. The increase in pollution phenomena due to the development and the exaggeration in utilizing the natural resources and using methods and agricultural techniques both botanical and animal, show an environmental imbalance in increasing CO2 in air and an increase in the non responsible human activities resulted an increase in the desertification area and the shortage in the rain quantity and the increase of the hidden gases that may cause a danger on the global atmosphere. As the process of heating for the higher layers Trobosfeer is a threat of a severe lack in the quantity of the solar radiation especially the thermal and visual rays on the earth which has a negative effect on the agricultural production and the environment in general.

This study aims at finding out whether Arabic speakers transfer their L1 strategies in responding to compliments when complimented by Native American speakers. Gender- based differences are also taken into consideration. The data is collected by means of DCTs (discourse completion tasks). The subjects are native Arabic speakers, from a variety of Arabic speaking countries, who have been living in the United States for at least two months. In general, the participants did not show much of a transfer of L1 strategies and more use of the typical American compliment responses.The results are discussed and analyzed from a cross- cultural and sociolinguistic point of view. Theyare also looked upon in terms of highlighting cross- cultural and pedagogical implications.