Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences

Direct Air Capture (DAC) has risen in the past decade as a promising choice to remove CO2 directly from
ambient air. Although there are many technologies like pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxycombustion to mitigate the emissions of CO2, there is still a need for a better or a complementary technology
in controlling these emissions. Even though, there are many options for adsorbents that can be used, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs), which are hybrid materials with a crystalline structure, tunable pores, and high
surface area, have risen as a promising candidate. Functionalizing MOFs with amine groups will greatly
enhance their capacity towards CO2, like mmen-M2 (dobpdc) (M=Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Co). These adsorbents
show S-shaped adsorption isotherms and have a very high affinity to CO2 under atmospheric conditions,
due to the cooperative insertion of CO2 into mmen-M2 (dobpdc) that leads to their unique adsorption
isotherms. The energy required to regenerate these materials using small heat variations makes a better
choice than aqueous amines. This mechanism has been studied by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and
spectroscopy experiments. Furthermore, a thermodynamic study has been reviewed to understand the
mechanism through which CO2 is inserted into the diamine bond. These materials are a promising choice
for the removal of CO2 directly from the atmosphere and require more future research.

There has been a considerable rise in road traffic in the past twenty years due to the fast-pace development
of the country. In addition, the inadequate and less frequent maintenance exacerbated the deterioration of
road structure. This increase in traffic volume combined with the harsh climatic environment of Iraq causes
early signs of distress such as low-temperature cracking, rutting, and fatigue cracking. Polymers obtained
from the local sources or recycled additive from other sources have been used in pavements to improve their
performance as well as to make them more sustainable. This paper presents a laboratory evaluations that
were used to determine mechanical characteristics and performance of asphalt mixtures with different types
of additives such as (Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Natural Rubber (NR)) and various content. The
modified asphalt mixtures were prepared with asphalt binder previously modified by using four percentages
of polymer (2, 4, 6, and 8%) from the weight of asphalt binder. Many tests were conducted to evaluate
mixtures performance such as (the volumetric properties, mechanical characteristics, indirect tensile
strength (ITS) test, and double punching shear (DPS)). The results indicated that the PVC polymer and
natural rubber improved the performance of the mixtures compared to the control mixture

This research includes a lab scale work to investigate the feasibility of treating waste water which is
polluted with dyes exhausted from textile factory by using the adsorption process. Three types of activated
carbon were prepared using locally available waste material (date stone). Chemical activation method with
(zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, or phosphoric acid) is used to prepare carbon. Firstly, the materials
were carbonized at 275o C for 90 min, and then the carbonized materials were treated with (4 molar) solution
of acid, base, or salt for 24 hours. Finally, these materials were activated at 600
o C for two hours in the
presence of nitrogen gas flow. The resulted activated carbons were checked by its (BET) surface area
analysis and surface morphology by SEM. The surface area values were (815, 950,600) m2
/g for carbon
produced from the activation of date stone by phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, or zinc chloride
respectively. SEM characterizations show that activated carbons that prepared from potassium hydroxide
have higher surface area and good adsorption characteristics than that prepared from activation with
phosphoric acid or zinc chloride. The adsorption process was carried out using two types of dyes. The first
one is acidic (methyl orange) and the other is basic (bismark brown). The adsorption isotherms and kinetics
were investigated for both dyes at temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60)
o C for concentration range equal to (6-16)
mg/l. The adsorption data of equilibrium were presented by using two common adsorption isotherm
equations. The data was fitted fairly well with Langmuir isotherm for both dyes on all types of prepared
activated carbons. The kinetics of adsorption was studied by using two kinetic equations, pseudo first order
and pseudo second order. The results showed a rapid increase in the rate of adsorption at the initial until
equilibrium achieved. The pseudo second order model represented the data very well with confidence level
0.99

In this study, dental nano-composite specimens were prepared by dispersion of various amounts of nanosized fillers (HA, ZrO2, and SiO2) in a monomer system containing 60% Bis-GMA and 40% TEGDMA.
2,2 propyl bis-phenyl glycidyldimethacrylate (Bis-GMA) with unsaturated monomers were prepared.
Camphor Quinone (CQ) of 1 wt %, 2-DiMethyl Amino Ethyl Methacrylate (DMAEMA) of 1 wt % have
been applied in photo-initiation system for the purpose of initiating matrix resins’ co-polymerization. Wear
resistance, flexural strength, hardness and compressive strength were measured. The results indicated an
increase in the mechanical properties in the samples containing nano-size filler particles. It is interesting to
note that, this improvement was observed at much lower nano-size filler content. Physicochemical
properties, such as Solubility (SL), Water Sorption (WS) as well as the Volumetric Shrinkage (VS) have
been examined. FT-IR as well as SEM have been utilized for implementing the characterization. SEM has
been applied for showing particle size distribution as well as the particle agglomeration that is related to the
treated nano-fillers in nano-composites. FT-IT is initially applied for identifying qualitative compositions
regarding the nano-composites’ compositions. The Thermal stability of all dental nano-ocomposites was
also studied using TGA and DSC technique

This study was undertaken in order to investigate the structural behaviour of novel Engineering Cementitious
Composites (ECC) columns subjected to eccentric loading. These columns were experimentally formulated using a
hybridization of steel and polypropylene fibres. Two ratios were adopted for the steel fibres of 0.5% and 1%, whilst
the polypropylene fibre was kept to be constant at a ratio of 0.5% for all of the ECC columns. The eccentric loads
were applied at two eccentricities: small (h/6) and large (5h/12). A comparison was also made with the behaviour of
self-compacting concrete and traditional ECC columns containing either steel or polypropylene fibres. The vertical
and lateral deformations as well as the maximum load at failure were noted. The results obtained showed that the
hybrid ECC columns exhibited higher load carrying capacities when compared with those of both self-compacting
concrete and traditional ECC columns. The percentage increase was 30%. The hybrid ECC column samples
containing 1% steel fibre did not show a signification difference in the load-deformation behaviour when it compared
with that containing 0.5% steel fibre. The values of eccentricity governed the global behaviour of the tested columns.
The predicated load carrying capacity of the ECC columns needs a magnification factor in case of concentric test, and
to take into account the existence of fibres ratio when calculating the area of steel reinforcement for eccentric loading

Sandwich structure plates are most widely used in the automotive, aerospace and naval
structures. As it gives material with low density and relatively high normal compression and
shear properties. In this paper, Finite element method was used with ANSYS APDL (16) to
analyze the effect of duplicate core in sandwich steel structure on the dynamic response under
the action of impact loading. Also, conducted impact tests with hammer and NI devises to
achieve the simulation results. The chief purpose of this work is to get a high reduction in
deformation between upper and lower skins. Isolate deflections of sandwich plates are
compared between single and double cores of structures. The construction of the sandwich
composite model consisted of two sheets layers with single triangle corrugated core and three
sheets layer with double triangle corrugated core. All of configurations for both core and skin
are made from the same material (steel alloy 304) and have (500mm × 500mm) length and
width. The results observed that the reduction of deflection and strain are increased in double
core. The comparison between experimental and numerical transient results gives good
agreement with error does not exceed (13%).

This study seeks to develop a sustainable construction technique based on the introduction of a specific method for improving concrete compressive strength through a proposed multi-vibration compaction method. An experimental program is performed to evaluate the effect of the proposed compaction technique on fresh silica fume concrete undergoing the initial setting. Multi-vibration intends to minimize concrete production cost because it upgrades the compressive strength of the same materials with better utilization of the vibration energy required for compaction. The collected experimental data presented assign relationships among vibration duration, vibration cycles or phases, and compressive strength upgrading of single vibrated, revibrated, and multi-vibrated specimens for analysis and discussion. This study shows that multi-vibration phases, rather than single vibration or revibration techniques, are powerful techniques for improving concrete compressive strength. The results indicated that the existence of an optimum multi-vibration mode was dominated by phase number and vibration duration and confirm the reliability vibration overall time duration recommended by ACI 309 which relates to a single vibration time limit to be considered in the case of multi vibration technique. Multi-vibration Mode 8 (subjected to three vibration phases 10, 20, and 30 sec ) has the best effect for the considered mixtures among the specific vibration modes. The maximum improvement ratio is 1.25, which is associated with the plastic mixture.

The Internet of Things (IoT) makes designing a smart management system is real and easy. The concept of
smart management system guarantees a person to monitor, control and manage the system without any
waste. Water is a key resource and its management is a major issue. The proposed method is IOT with the
fuzzy controller based system for managing tank water level in Rumaila power plant from gas (in southern
Iraq). The existing system, designed with two electric motor pumps, supplies a storage tank with untreated
water from the river for later use in (reverse Osmosis) R.O. This system is manual without efficient
monitoring and control system. This paper includes two implemented control systems; the classic PID and
Fuzzy logic with a comparison between them. Fuzzy control is simulated first using Matlab and then
developed by Sugeno-based Fuzzy algorithm within the PLC (Programmable Logic Console) environment.
The connection of PLC with OPC (Object Process Control) server used by the Modbus protocol while the
sensors connected directly to Kayenne platform. Using the OPC and MQTT, the IoT system is built up to
publish and subscribe the data from PLC and cloud. Node MCU- ESP8266 is used by wireless
communication to link the sensors with router.

In this work, an absorption technology was used actually to investigate the mass transfer coefficient
of carbon dioxide from a gaseous mixture (air, carbon dioxide) in blended solution
Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Diethanolamine (DEA) in a bubble column reactor (BCR). The
bubble column reactor(BCR) was made of Plexiglas with 1.5 m high and 0.1 m inside diameter.
The overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa) was evaluated at different operating conditions, gas flow
rate, air Flow rate, liquid flow rate. Where the gas flow rates were 10, 15, and 20 L /min, air flow
rate 100,150 and 200 L/h, and liquid flow rate 5,10,15 L /min. This experiment by using a continuous
process with helping the centrifugal pump. High-performance gas chromatographic (GC) was
performed to evaluate CO2
loading during absorption experiment . The experimental results have
shown that the CO2
loading in range of 0.581-1.367 (mol CO2 /mole amine), and the maximum
value of overall mass transfer coefficient (KGa was 0.04 S-1
).

Wind energy is one of the cheapest sources of energy that may solve the Climate change problem and fresh water scarcity challenges. This article introduces a novel Desalination Wind Turbine that is cheaper and more efficient than the common wind turbine, especially offshore wind turbine. In this system, the wind energy transmitted to the water pump by a hydraulic transmission line. The RO module is used for fresh water production. The pressure recovery module is added to RO system, to increase the permeated flow. It can be increased the permeate flow up to 45%, which is significant. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) based on the hydraulic oil pressure measurement is implemented. In addition, the Maximum Permeate Flow Tracking control loop, similar to MPPT, is introduced to optimized the pressure of the RO system. It is increased the annual permeate production up to 8%. The long term performance of the system, such as annual water production is calculated and the ability of the system to MPPT and the wind turbulence and gust is analyzed. The rotor speed overshoot of the closed loop system is less than 16%, which is acceptable.