Journal Of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies

For more than a quarter of a century, unemployment has become a structural problem at the global level. Despite recovery and economic growth, it has been increasing year after year. In developing countries, unemployment worsens overall as development efforts continue to fail, foreign debt is increased and rigid fiscal discipline programs are implemented. What is more dangerous is that there is a severe poverty in the current economic thinking to understand the problem of unemployment and ways to get out of it, which has encouraged the emergence of concern about unemployment.The current research aims to identify:1. Unemployment concern among university students.2. Statistical differences in the unemployment anxiety of university students according to the sex variables (male - female) specialization (scientific - human) grade (second - fourth).The research was determined by students of the University of Babylon and for grades (second-fourth) for the academic year (2017 - 2018). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher relied on the following:Building a measure of unemployment concern among university students. After reviewing the literature and previous studies related to the subject and adopting it from the point of view of the humanists, the standard was finalized after completing the conditions of honesty, consistency and ability to distinguish from (32) paragraphs divided into (4) Feilds The economic dimension, the professional dimension, the psychological dimension. In order to achieve these objectives, the researcher applied the criteria to a sample of (532) students at the University of Babylon for the academic year (2017-2018). The data were then analyzed using the statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. 1. University students suffer from unemployment concerns.2 - There are no statistically significant differences in the degree of unemployment concern among university students according to gender variables (male - female), specialization (scientific - human) and grade (second - fourth).Based on these results, the research produced a number of recommendations and proposals.

Suicide is one of the most striking social phenomena of the last decade in Iraqi society. It is one of the most uncertain social problems, especially in our Iraqi society, where customs and traditions impose a security cordon on the suicide, his family and the causes and motives of the suicide. (2011- 2014) the temporal area of field analysis (75) Suicide in Dhi Qar province analysed for 50 male and 25 female, and the researcher has relied on the case-study curriculum as the most appropriate for such research. The research raised several questions, including what were the reasons for the individual's suicide, whether there were social, economic and political reasons for the individual's suicide, as a protest against deteriorating socio-economic and social conditions, and whether the rights of the individual were not recognized, civil rights such as living in dignity and respect for his or her civil and human rights, To what extent can we devise solutions to reduce the prevalence of suicide, the researcher has found a series of findings, including: Unlike women, the number of suicides is higher in the summer, while the youth group is the highest among suicides. The research recommends that community institutions be called upon to take responsibility for the phenomenon of suicide, which has begun to spread alarmingly among Iraqi society in the development and implementation of awareness-raising, education and counselling programmes. Research centres should also be invited to carry out further studies on the phenomenon of suicide.

The importance of research and study of classical Persian literature It is not hidden. So far, many studies have been done on this subject. Still, there are still some things that need to be looked at further. Persian grammar is one of the important branches of Persian language. This branch has always undergone transformation in different times. One of the issues that has been neglected in classical literature studies is the study of the grammatical topics of the poetic texts and the past editions. These texts can be studied from different perspectives. present participle are made using different strategies. Different types of present participle refer to the concept of work done, or the owner and receiver of implication.The most commonly definition of the present participle attribute is that: "If an attribute performs a work, it is called the present participle." The present participle are made in a variety of ways. But in the meantime, ben present verb has always been an integral part of the building of many of the present participle. Although studies in ancient texts show that, the derivation of the present participle of manifestation is also customary. Now some types of adjectives are also made using ben Madhi. In this article, we are going to look at the story of "Rostom and Sohrab" and examine its present participle And its multiple types and most of the suffixes that were mentioned in this poetic group, which is one of the masterpieces of the great Iranian poet Abu al-Qasim al-Firdousi and his historical epic which he called Shahnameh and its meaning (the conduct of the kings), which is an important historical source that benefited from and was used by most Iranian historians and western Orientalists in order to get acquainted with the history of Ancient Persia and what legends tell of them in a wonderful epic poetic style.

The human community suffers from the seriousness of the widespread phenomenon of corruption, and for this reason he intends to take a number of procedures and follow different methods to confront this phenomenon and limit its spread, even though the phenomenon of corruption is an ancient phenomenon, and its feet are due to the feet of human societies. The existence of corruption has been linked to the existence of the political systems that ruled those Societies, and the researchers point out in the phenomenon of corruption that there are several classifications of the phenomenon, and just as corruption has levels, types, and divisions, corruption has manifestations and aspects, and therefore corruption takes many different forms, perhaps the most prominent of which is administrative and financial corruption. And the abscess from taxes approved by Islam, to regulate the relationship of man with the land and the continuation of its reconstruction on the one hand and on the other hand to increase the financial resources of the state, like other taxes such as tribute and tithe to increase the state's financial resources to spend on armies and meet other needs, and not imposing the abscess to overburden the farmers but rather I want to restore it Distributing wealth so that money is not concentrated in one hand, but not another. And because of the importance of the abscess as the main source of the resources of the House of Money in the Abbasid state, on the one hand and on the other hand it represents an institution of administrative and financial nature, the occurrence of financial and administrative corruption in it exists, and the Abbasids announced at the beginning of the establishment of their state but came to fix what the Umayyads corrupted, so the importance The research stems from the fact that financial and administrative corruption is a topical issue, and therefore it is expected that this study will cleanse some visions of those interested in studying the phenomenon of financial and administrative corruption and its implications. This research was a study of the phenomenon of administrative and financial corruption in the abscess of the Abbasid state in its first era (132 - 232 AH), and on its sides: its fulfillment and its banks. The nature of the study necessitated following the descriptive historical approach, through which information was collected from sources and references that dealt with the subject of the research for the mentioned period and highlighting the main actor as it affected corruption of the abscess.

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and may blessings and peace be upon his best creation, master of the messengers, the illiterate prophet Muhammad al-Amin and his family. The pure and kind, after ...We sought in the tagged research (Inference of transfer evidence according to Al-Fadil Al-Hindi) to uncover evidence of the grammatical industry evidence, the most famous and the most important of which are grammarians in relying on it to collect language and establish rules and rulings, which is hearing and its tributaries: the Holy Qur’an and its readings, the noble hadith and the words of the Arabs system and scattered, In the thought of one of the scholars of the late Safavid state in Iran, the best of his era and the miracle of his age, Bahaa Al-Din Muhammad bin Al-Hassan Al-Fadil Al-Isfahani, famous for the Indian virtue (d. 1137 AH).As this research was devoted to show how it benefited from this guide, and its dependence on it in its four compilations: (Explaining the Factors in Grammar), (Explaining the Syntactic Secrets), (The Tahlil Letter), and (Pearl Genius in Explaining the Aleinia Alhamiria), we started the research with an introduction We showed some of the conditions of the virtuous Indian, then we clarified what is meant by hearing. We presented some of its definitions to some ancient and modern scholars, and after that we introduced each of its tributaries explaining the position of the virtuous Indian from these tributaries with examples. The Holy Qur’an and its readings, and the noble hadith, and we have touched in this regard to the dispute of scholars in invoking it, and the words of the Arabs are systematic and strewn, and in this location we also touched on the difference of scholars in determining the classical language, and the research concluded a set of results summarized at the end of the research.The compromise but God I trust him and I turn to him.

Minarets are among the most important architectural elements that define the architectural identity of Islamic buildings, and Iraq is among the Islamic countries that have had a large share in preserving many Islamic buildings, and the prominent element among its elements was the minaret. The viewer on the horizon of Iraqi cities notes at first sight the forms of their minarets that It decorates that horizon with multiple forms and different heights, and it reflects the summary of architectural engineering thought, which was characterized by the compatibility between the architectural design and the functional purpose, which is represented by the highest call of prayer, and with the passage of time it has other forms and functions, and as the number increased in the one mosque, and its position varied between the pillars of the mosque, or To the sides of the prayer house, or above the entrance or next to it, and its presence was not limited to mosques, but appeared in some Islamic buildings, such as schools, Perhaps the most prominent element in the minaret that achieves the compatibility between the architectural design and the functional purpose is its balcony or basin, which gives an impression of the engineering capabilities and technical skill in its composition despite the simplicity of the components that make up this element of muqarnas and the fence of the basin and the revolving corridor . We have known this element with different designations in Islamic countries, and we have stood on it, and we have found that it differs rhetorically and agrees with content, and as we have tried to return the first beginnings of this element in Islamic architecture, we have shown the role of the Islamic faith in finding it and defining its career path so that no harm occurs in the place it supervises and we discussed what This architectural element, like other elements of Islamic architecture, was subjected to many theories in which orientalists attributed it to the Christian churches' towers, and some of them returned it to the pagan temples, Roman guard posts and observation, or to the lighthouse of Alexandria or to the Babylonian zigzags or guard towers in the Arabian Peninsula. Whatever the origin that was attributed to him, the interest that Islam gave to its function and form, increased the civilization of the building, a spiritual element characterized by elegance and originality and made it a new architectural phenomenon that singled out the Islamic city with no one else, then we studied the presence of this element in the common patterns in Iraq in terms of composition, shape and decoration And we provided an estimate of its shape in the minarets in which this element was subjected to the fall, based on evidence of comparison with the available examples and the remains of the parts that indicate its shape.

Cultural criticism has left its mark on the literary and critical scence, when it was sparked by critic Abdullah al-ghazhami in his book" Cultural criticism reading in the implicit cultural systems " reactions and uproar filled the arab monetary arena with many debates, being called for cultural criticism, this indicates a cultural leap whose cries resounded and continued to be authored and researched in this field anumber of books were published that enriched literature and criticism, we in turn, are interested in research in this cultural literary field our choice fell on the infidel novel by ali badr, it is one of the novels that focused on monitoring part of the Iraqi reality that was not heard after 2003, our study focuses on monitoring the implicit formats and reveals a lot about the reality struck by terrorism the body of many innocent people gnawed to crack the built wall and reveal the fragility of miserale reality . And the novel of unbelievers is a bold narration in the presentation of many intellectual formats deposited under multiple masks, the political reality is flawed by dislocation and turmoil as a result of sectarian domination which weakened the religious and social fabric, which prepared for the emergence of group claiming religion it calls for the return of the Islamic caliphate, and it took control of various parts of the Iraqi lands, power and power were used those spote, and they corrupted the original values to solve : corruption, defeat, disintegration and weak social structure, the ideas and values held by these armed groups dominated to spread an alternative culture of terror, fear and murder . Practices outside the farmeworks of society formulated by armed groups are continuing to ensure community transformation and adaptation, hence, the power and authority pattern dominated, the narrative text aims to expose society and highlight the faults and faults inherent in it I also highlight the authority of men over women and the depiction of women is a negative being refacted to suffer from alienation and do social profiling, just as it showed the vast difference between the two cultures arab that tends towads imposing restrictions and curbing freedom and western culture that gave freedom to its members, this is what the Fatima/ sophie personality showed, Fatima, who carries within it the past with all his pain and physical and psychological refraction, and sophie is living the present after I took off the veil of the past .

This research aims to define the design of an educational unit using the (Rothkov pattern), and to measure its effect on the spelling of the primary stage, and to achieve the research goal, the researcher adopted an experimental design located in the field of experimental designs with partial control and a post-test, for two groups, an experimental group and a control group. The researcher intentionally chose the mixed new generation school to apply his experience in the center of Diwaniyah Governorate. The research sample reached (68) male and female students, with (34) male and female students distributed between the two groups (the control group and the experimental group), and the researcher performed a statistical equivalence between The two research groups had some procedural variables, and the researcher formulated (30) behavioral goals for the subjects studied during the experiment period. Prepare daily teaching plans to teach the two research groups (the control group and the experimental group).As for the research tool, it was a spelling piece that the researcher considered as a test in the spelling, and the researcher applied the research tool to the two research groups (control group and experimental group) after the end of the experiment period.By using a set of statistical means, the results of the research showed that there are statistically significant differences according to the group variable in favor of the experimental group, and statistically significant differences according to the gender variable for the interest of the experimental group students, and no statistically significant interaction between group and gender variables.

The establishment of the Iraqi state witnessed an activity of Iraqi intellectual leaders that extended until the emergence of the Second World War, which reflects the diversity of intellectual and ideological trends that were the product of the Arab Renaissance Movement, which affected the nature of those formations that took place later, knowing that this period appeared in two important roles the first: Since the promulgation of the Societies Act of 1922 and ending with the establishment of Parliament, during which public parties were established. As for the second: it was after the establishment of Parliament until the establishment of the Second World War, which directly affected the overall political process at that time, and also after that new parties emerged that were formed following the political process according to variables imposed by policy. Post World War II. This stage was affected by the emergence of political ideologies that passed and at the same time affected the formation of Iraqi ministries and it marks the beginning of a stage of political party activity that may be against the political process represented by the government while the Iraqis realized that it was related to the British presence in Iraq, so some considered it the reason for the delay in issuing the law of parties is The nature of the formation of political parties in Iraq, as they are mostly religious, sectarian, or ethnic parties, so their presence in this formation is contrary to law and democratic life and its values, in addition to the fact that some political parties receive external financing, which violates their independence and makes them easy to lead to regional parties or fall under The impact of its interests in Iraq, just as the outbreak of the First World War The British occupation of Iraq was a reason that Iraq witnessed the emergence of movements, gatherings and political parties founded and led by educated elites and well-known social figures at the time, and everyone\'s goal was to seek to end the British occupation and mandate and declare independence and build a modern state. These parties and movements achieved their demands during a period of ten years when Britain agreed to enter into political negotiations that ended with the signing of the 1930 treaty that opened the way for Iraq to obtain its independence and seat in the League of Nations in 1932.

The case is an important description in the expression, which represents in the sentence the clear basis for the course of events, and it gives the speech a specificity that is necessary for the words to be straightened and the meaning to be completed. The case is an important element in the vocabulary of the sentence, and the situation can be dispensed with in resources that are not intended to clarify the situation in it.The situation is a clear description that is presented to understand some of the meanings of its owner, which is described in the sentence, and is capable of abandoning its owner because it is an unstable, moving description, which allows at the moment of its existence to understand its owner with a kind of rapid understanding and is recognized and assigned to him some identification and allocation.There are many requirements for this case to ensure that this research is addressed and researched: there are verbal requirements agreed upon by grammarians, and they are many requirements, such as the situation is described and that it is erect, and it is a bounty and a statement, and so on, and among other requirements that the grammarians referred to implicitly, and they are also many requirements, such as The case is a name and its owner is also a name, and it is an adjective in the clarification, and it is only used for stability, in other cases.

Espinoza's religious and political philosophy is of particular importance today because it links the acceptance of modern science with the traditional perception of normative philosophy function. By liberating the mind from heresies and the myth of old beliefs through the freedom of thought in religious subjects and the need to separate religion from state policy and renounce all political rule that claims to derive his authority from the source of the divine and this is addressed by Espinosa (political theological research). Spinoza is considered one of the greatest advocates of "not mixing religion and the state" as the guarantor of freedom of thought and belief, which we describe in the second title of a letter in theology and politics in which Spinoza considers that freedom does not pose a threat to the integrity of the state. It is the freedom to interpret the religious text, since no one has the right but the exclusive right to monopolize the act of interpretation. In other words, Spinoza's work is directed mainly at every priestly authority. His defense of freedom of thought and belief in his realization is evident in a new interpretation of the Bible that does not depart from or deviate from ontology, as its features explained in the first part of the book "Al-Atiqah"; Therefore, his defense of democracy was based on the search for a system that provides a great guarantee for freedom, which is explained by his work of defending "secularism" and criticizing the theocratic regime Spinoza's criticism stems, initially, from the fact that the Bible is the word of God that aims to teach people true happiness, but the people's interpretations have moved away from the true essence of religion. Therefore, the historical criticism of the books of the book aims to show this real priesthood and not the similarity of bridging all who are seen as Science or philosophy, and not accepting what is not clear; Any sign of his health, which Spinoza declares at the beginning of the book, where he says: "I resolved seriously and without pretension, to return again, with intellectual freedom, to examine the Bible, and not to prove or accept anything from his teachings that I did not draw from it quite clearly," On the basis of this rule, I have formed a method for the interpretation of the Holy Scriptures, "a method" that does not differ from that adopted in the interpretation of nature, but rather agrees with it completely ", which considers nature as a self-standing substance that depends in its existence only on itself, and is subject only to its internal laws that can Her knowledge of reason, just as everything is inferred from the Bible, is only understood through his inner laws in complete independence from anything that does not belong to the text.

The study of the personality of Alsayd Salih Mahdi Hassan Ahmad Al-Husseini Al-Qazwini Al-Hili Al-Najafi (1841-1886) is one of the important studies that must be highlighted, because she belongs to the Al-Qazwini family, which was famous for its religious sciences and literary councils, which presented hundreds of Scholars, Poets and talents that spread their fame in the nineteenth century. And the early twentieth century, in addition to being a purposeful human character characterized by high morals and a behavioral commitment to principles and assets, where he was a high degree of piety, kindness to the needy and willing to serve and organize their life affairs, and the house was populated in Hindi to pay harm for the oppressed and the weak, housing hearts The general public, with the dreams that it carries, the goodness, the power of Jinan, the help of the poor, and its wide open doors for writers, guests, and heads of needs Many scholars and poets see him as a refuge when they face complex social problems. The historical research revealed that Alsayed Saleh Al-Qazwini, a scientific encyclopedia, excelled in writing books and letters, especially the provisions of accessible acts of worship, a message in doctrinal and juristic matters that have acquired great importance, because they are considered an original source from the important sources that were written on the Five Principles of Monotheism, Justice, Prophethood, Imamat, and Maad, and gave a detailed explanation About these origins and is an original reference for all researchers who are searching in the field of these topics, which are the basis in life and death in various human societies. The study showed that Alsayed Saleh Al-Qazwini was a brilliant literary poet, prose, eloquent, eloquent and lecturer, and among the memorizers of the Holy Qur’an, citing it, arguing and debating in a persuasive and objective manner dialogue based on conclusive evidence, housing the Tourij district, and was interested in organizing economic aspects and reforming agricultural lands still in the hands of His children and grandchildren to the present time . Alsayed Saleh Al-Qazwini is considered one of the most prominent pioneers of the literary movement in the second half of the nineteenth century, which had his methods in this literary field, poetry and prose, and his poetry became one of the masterpieces of Arabic literature that gave the reader a true, clear picture and in a clear and sincere expression that became a living example that was followed by scholars and writers. His era, which is represented by his deep love filled with loyalty and devotion to the family of the household and the mention of the prophets and imams all the time, and his poems testify to him in the lament of Imam Hussain, who revealed to us the honorable position that Imam Al-Hussein stood, laying down his pure body in the blood of martyrdom in order to uphold the word of truth, there is no god but God Muhammad is the Messenger of God. The study showed that Alsayed Saleh Al-Qazwini, the founder of the “Tourij Run”, played an effective leadership role in this run in honor and honor to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussain, peace be upon him. It ends with the sacred Husaynid presence, interspersed with reading poems and The tragic sad poems, an expression of pain and sorrow for the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, peace be upon him, and this run has continued throughout the generations until the present time.

We must talk about the translation that was begining a simple and modest translation. It convincingly met the needs of the people and what was going on from simple ideas in their minds that met their ambi tion in trade, satiated their desires in travel, and saved them in wars. In that beginning, there was nothing to govern the translation, as it was without rules governing it, nor the foundations upon which its origins were based. It is so simple that it was to satisfy human desires and complete their actions. And translation is branches, the most important of which is religious translation, and religious translation is an important branch of translation, and it is classified as a type that has privacy from other types of translation. The interest in it must be different from other translations, because it cares about a divine text that is holy, if it is not sacred to the translator, it is holy to Others must be dealt with differently, whether the text is celestial or non-celestial, the translator must take into account respect for that text; The sacred text is a text that is perfect for its owner. The translation of the Holy Qur’an into other languages is a very important topic as it pertains to the Book of God and its revelation. The Holy Qur’an is not the same as a book of rhetoric, meaning and composition. The meaning alone cannot be considered a Qur’an but rather in its pronunciation and its meaning is a Arabic Qur’an. What was done is a translation of the meanings of the interpretation of the Qur’an, because the Qur’an is a revelation from God that is not translated in human terms and this is a fact that must be mentioned. on the topic of translating the meanings of the Noble Qur’an into the Hebrew language received attention from researchers and translators because of its connection with the sanctity of the Book of God. Words, meanings, structures, and words cannot be translated literally without returning to the books of interpretation, the opinions of scholars and Arabic lexicals, and finding their various meanings in order to arrive at a sound translation, especially to the Hebrew language, as well as a difference in the overall topics of grammar, grammar, rhetoric, legal rulings and many others. The primary goal for which I translated the meanings of the Holy Quran into Hebrew during the twentieth century is scientific research in addition to the goal of increasing knowledge and general culture, as well as to distort the image of the Islamic religion by distorting the translation of the meanings of the Holy Quran. It was not intended as a religious target.

Our research addresses one of the aspects of nostalgia for one of the most well-known Israeli writers of Iraqi origin (Sami Michael) who spent his childhood in Baghdad. The Israeli government has also been forced to emigrate with its family as a result of the Zionist propaganda that the Zionist institutions have followed since the early decades of this century in the Arab unrest and massacres. The fact that the homeland is like a mother is A fact that is compelling and something of an expatriate human being; the homeland is a fact that remains in the person's consciousness to be the image of the mother: The lover, love, safety, identity. The language that is formulated, and the memories that make its past, present and future, are all concepts of motherhood, its essence, its meaning and its necessity to create a more balanced life. The loss of the homeland and the mother are both The greatest losses; in addition to the pain of their occurrence, they also carry a deep dimension to what one is accustomed to, and has lived to for good and for bad, in proximity, distance, awareness and imagination.The vision of writer Sami Michael of the past is romantic and nostalgic. This is what has been evident in many of his novels, and this undoubtedly is due to the grace of peace and goodwill that has painted the Arab world and its relations with all its sects. It is no surprise that the phenomenon of longing is linked to the roots and care taken by the individual in his childhood and life. Hence, nostalgia was a phenomenon that was not confined to a particular individual, but that became a general human phenomenon for all who lived in two different environments in terms of human relations and attitudes. However, good the new conditions that an individual lives in his or her strange environment are, there are many things that are nostalgic for him, especially as the early building blocks of his life have been built in his or her motherland

Autobiography writing is one of the common literary arts in world literature. This literary genre had a distinguished position in Hebrew literature during its various periodsMany Israeli writers excelled in writing a Autobiography, which, by telling the details of their lives and those of their parents, contributed to focusing on important joints of modern Jewish history in Israel and in the countries of the world.The research analyzed and studied five Hebrew fiction works published in Israel at the beginning of the twenty-first century, and concluded the most important goals that the authors wanted to reach by writing their Autobiographies A Autobiography that has ancient roots in international literature, as well as the matter in Hebrew literature. Its literary features began to grow deeper and more mature during the past decades. Studies and research on this literary art have come, so this research came to discuss this important literary issue, as this research reviews the most important aspects that the novelists wanted The Israelis shed light on them or used them to serve their goals when writing their biographies, the most important of which are the political goals that the novelists considered affecting the political presence of them and their state, as well as the social and economic that the Israeli writers tried to address by writing their biographies.This research studies the most important Jewish writers who wrote their biographies in the beginnings of the twenty-first century, novelists Uri Branstein, Rachel Sidov Mizrahi, Amos Oz, Sasson Sumikh, Yehudit Katzir they are the subject of the research and his sample and who were able to write their biographies that not only reflect the memories of their childhood but also tried That they include the history of their country, the history of their people, and the historical fluctuations that they went through during the period that preceded and after the declaration of the establishment of their state, and the problems the Middle East suffered after this time.

Psychodrama is a means of psycho-social therapy (both individually and collectively for young and old) through the theater, employing the techniques and techniques of the Seikodrama through theatrical text, reflecting the political, economic, social, psychological, artistic, religious, cultural and environmental dimensions. (The rain of summer) for (Ali Abdul Nabi Zaidi). "The four chapters contained the first chapter on the methodology of research and included the problem of research on the following question: (What are the implications of the Seikodrama in the text of the play (rain summer) Ali Abdul Nabi Zaidi) The search was done The aim of the research is to identify the extent of the effects of the saikodrama in the text of the play "Summer Rain" by Ali Abdul Nabi al-Zaidi. The limits of the research have been extended for a period of (2011) and spatial limitations: Iraq, While the objective limit is to study the implications of the Seikodrama in the text of the play "Summer Rain" by (Ali Abdul Nabi Al Zaidi). The second chapter is related to the theoretical discussions and the theoretical framework. The second chapter dealt with the theoretical references to (Ali Abdul Nabi Al-Zaidi). The third chapter came to be the research procedures where the researchers adopted the research society. The text of the play (Summer Rain) The researchers adopted the descriptive analytical approach in the method of text analysis and the research tool, which was based on the theoretical framework indicators and the literature that means the cycrorama as well as the analysis of the sample and its presentation to the experts. In the fourth chapter where the results were drawn up and mentioned1-1 Seikodrama has developed awareness of the negative behavior of the characters who suffer from mental disorder, even knowing the error and the realization of the bitter reality and face the problem to reach consensus with others. As in the character (in the play Rain Summer). The conclusions mention:1-1 Seikodrama was known as an important means of cleansing, which is called psychologists (emotional venting(Then recommendations and proposals and finally a list of sources and references and summary in English.

Granada, like other Andalusian cities, witnessed economic activity and prosperity in all areas of economic life such as: agriculture, as the area of agricultural land expanded in Granada, as well as industry, as it had planned and established many factories in it and its cities; Because of the flourishing of agriculture, while trade is no less important than its predecessor, agriculture has played a role in expanding Granada in terms of expanding the planning of markets, shops and caesars due to the expansion of the cultivated land area as well as the activity of many villages that lacked the ingredients of agriculture thanks to several measures taken by the rulers And the sultans, who followed the rule of Granada, helped the activity of these villages, their size, and the increase in agricultural production.The effects of the prosperity of agriculture in Granada had a positive reflection on the public life of the country’s enjoyment of prosperity, prosperity, prosperity and stability, in addition to that it also contributed to the process of expanding industrial production by exploiting the surplus of agricultural products in many industries, so many industries spread in them, including industry Paper, sugar, oil, grain milling and other industries.This development did not come from a vacuum but rather through the concerted efforts of Bani Al-Ahmar in this city, so I worked on building arches on rivers, and these arches are moving and their location on the exits of the city, and the purpose of their construction to protect the city, as well as to link parts and areas of the banks of Granada, were built on the banks of rivers, As the rulers, starting with the Almohad rulers as well as the Sultans of Bani Nasr, paid great attention to the construction of the arches.In addition, the people of Granada lost several irrigation methods. The fact that the lands of Granada were not at the same level, which led them to find multiple ways to deliver water to the highlands by building dams, bridges and digging canals, which are among the important means of irrigation to transport water from the river to remote lands that lack the presence of water in it, and depend on its cultivation on water Rivers.

The city of Kazerun is one of the cities of the Islamic East, which dates back to the era of the Sassanid Empire (226-641 AD), as it was its capital, and despite its ancient history that extends to ancient roots, this city remained without any integrated study in its political conditions Social, economic and religious.The Islamic conquests affected Persia in general and the city of Kazerun in particular, as it is from a social point of view that there were groups of society other than what they were before Islam, including Muslims as the local rulers of Persia, in addition to the local population of the Magi and Christians and the few Jews.The city of Kazerun is one of the agricultural cities with fertility in its soil and cultivation of various crops, and it has become widely known in the manufacture of linen clothing, and has a commercial significance for its location between the city of Shiraz, which is a base for Persia on the one hand and the Caspian Sea (Bahr al-Khazar) on the other in Islamic times.This city has been distinguished by the emergence of a number of scholars in the villages and its stores affiliated to the city of Kazerun, and they have contributed to enriching intellectual life in the city in particular and the Islamic world in general, such as: Al-Murejani, Kaskani and Al-Dawani. A number of Muslim scholars who left their impact on the city and from them. Shiraz Al-Alam, the gift of God bin Abd al-Warith al-Shirazi, and the city of Ruzbeh, the scholar Ibn Hasankwayh, the Persian Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hassan, and from the city of Nushanjan, the world, Talha bin Ahmed bin Ayoub Al-Muqri Al-Nushajani, and from Ahwaz Ahmed bin Aqeel bin Rajeh.In addition, the scientific titles obtained by Kazarun scholars have confirmed their diverse scientific product, and the evidence for this is what their scientists have classified in works in the religious, human, mobile, and mental sciences.

The doubt is an important topic that researchers, scholars, and philosophers have dealt with by researching and experimenting and examining the results to reach the truth and certainty that was their primary goal. Through their use of the term suspicion of the questionable topic and their use of tools that help them out of the circle of doubt to reach certainty through established discussions and debates. Evidence and evidence to stand by this certainty. For this reason, the reason for the widespread suspicion was the result of the tyranny of mental tendency, as well as the large number of differences and the difference and the multiplicity of Shiites. For this, we find among those who complained before the era of al-Ghazali is the Maari, which we see doubt in beliefs and religions as well as doubt in punishment and reward and in the resurrection of bodies, so his doubt was closer to the philosophical suspicion of poetic doubt.We also find the doubt of Hamdhani, whose reason for his doubt was his appetite for speech and also a request to rise from the lowest of adherence. Reason and emotional life lived a bout of suspicion in order to reach the truth and achieve happiness, virtue and perfection. This was the goal of those with systematic suspicion, which is one of the types of suspicion whose owners want to be a sound way to reach the true true knowledge and the other real type that influences its owners weighting, probability or stopping Make any judgment . We also note the link between doubt and philosophy through the theory of knowledge, where this doubt is used to express the ability of the human mind to reach certain knowledge, and we find that a person’s thinking about himself and his mind is always followed by suspicion, as knowledge is a relationship between the mind and the external thing. As for the relationship of doubt and psychology, it becomes clear to us that a person does not accept any ideas and opinions that he encounters without looking into them. Therefore, doubt is satisfactory when we see him moving to exaggeration in anxiety, delusion and suspicion.

The research aimed to identify:1.The creative environment of the students of the schools of excellence and ordinary peers2. Differences in the creative environment perceived according to gender variables (male - female), school (distinct - ordinary) and specialization (literary - scientific)In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted a measure of write-off (2018) for the conscious creative environment composed of (32) paragraphs divided into two areas equally, namely the internal environment of creativity and the conscious external environment of creativity, (10) of the arbitrators in the psychological and educational sciences and obtained their approval by (100%). The stability was also extracted by way of retesting and Alpha Kronbach equation with a stability coefficient (0.76) and (0.82), respectively. It was then applied to a sample of (400) students and students by (200) students of the schools of excellence and (200) students of ordinary schools and statistically analyzed the data using the test of one sample and analysis of binary varianceThe results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of significance of (0,05) according to the characterization of the students (ordinary) and for the students of the distinguished schools. Also, there were statistically significant differences according to gender variable And for the benefit of males, and the research came out with a number of recommendations and proposals

This study deals with the study of The priestly system in Mesopotamia and its impact on the priesthood of the ancient peoples of Syria, And highlights the importance of the priestly system through the tasks and functions that were performed by priests in Mesopotamia, And to address their living conditions and their position in society, and to study the factors that transfer that effect to the ancient countries of Syria that received it and made some additions to it in accordance with its environment and its political, social and linguistic specificity. The research includes a number of topics, preceded by a preliminary, the first topic displays the types of priests and priestesses and their degrees and functions, starting with priests of the first degree (Sinka) who represent great priests, and priests of the second degree (orecallo), who are the priests of the mass, or what they are called the gatekeepers of the temple gate, and the priests of the third degree (the specialists), and they are of the types (purifying, those who specialize in spells and the expulsion of demons, who specialize in prediction and reading the unseen and interpreters, and those specialized in performing chants and prayers), There is another type of priests who occupy the lowest rank and do not perform distinguished works, among them are eunuch priests, and other common priests who are entitled to enter the temple permanently, The second topic talks about priests and magic, while the third topic deals with the issue of priests and divination and explains their types and methods, the most important of which is practical divination, magic divination through examination of the liver and guts of sacrificed animals, divination through astrology, and dream interpretation. It has been found through research that the fortune-telling in Mesopotamia has developed a lot and directly affected the neighboring peoples, especially ancient Syria, through economic and political factors that have contributed effectively to the transfer of the manifestations of Mesopotamia's civilization, particularly the intellectual and religious cultural aspect.

This research aims to identify the effect of a training program according to the MST entrance in the educational performance of science teachers in primary schools, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher designed a training program according to the introduction of integration between mathematics, science and technology (MST) for science teachers in primary schools in order to measure its impact on Their educational performance, through the research tool prepared by the researcher for this purpose, represented in the educational performance note card. The research sample selected consisted of (10) science teachers in primary schools located within the geographical area of the Babylon Governorate Center, and the researcher used the descriptive approach to design the training program, and the semi-experimental design (with one group) to apply the research experiment, and the research tool (card) was applied Note the educational performance) prior to the research sample in order to identify the level of their educational performance, and then with the aim of identifying the difference in their educational performance between the pre and post applications of the research tool. The results of the research resulted in the presence of a statistically significant difference at the level (0,05) between the average scores of science teachers in both the pre and post applications of the educational performance note card and in favor of the post application, and in light of those results the researcher presented some recommendations and proposals, including: the need to train Science teachers in primary schools use the MST integration approach and prepare educational programs that enable them to do so, in addition to urging educational departments to provide appropriate opportunities for science teachers to use that educational entrance to teach science courses at the primary stage.

The present research aims to identify the spelling errors common to students of the Faculty of Basic Education in the Department of Special Education in writing two-syllable words and words that are pronounced differently to pronounce a model. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher chose the same research from the students of the third stage randomly to be a field for the application of the research. The number of the sample members reached (143) students from the study stage mentioned in the special education department. From the Koranic texts dictated to the students and after the tool is ready for application, the researcher applied the dictation test on the sample of the research and for the purpose of checking the stability of the correction adopted the method of retesting, After correcting the responses of the students, and processing the data statistically, it was found that there is a great failure of the students in the subjects of dictation, and according to the research results reached by the researcher reached a set of conclusions, including: 1 - comes at the forefront of the problems, the fact that students write the word by word and not on The basis of pronunciation, for example, the words (Sura, met, middle, and Boston) were written (picture, Istmoa, Wasat, and Boston) Perhaps because of the lack of awareness of the students between the differences between the letters in the pronunciation, which causes mistakes in drawing the word.2 - One of the most important implications of the miracle of the Arabic language is that it is abundant in the two-syllable words that are pronounced in one word, which causes many to make the mistake of writing them correctly. Which should be written in one word (what, however, wherever, God willing) and this is due to the lack of knowledge of students the need to merge between them, and this is one of the problems experienced by students in this area. The researcher also recommended several recommendations, including:1. Focus on the correct spelling rules2. The use of various teaching methods and methods to suit the subjects of dictation.3. Focus on the rules of writing two-syllable words and words that are pronounced differently to pronounce them while assigning students extra-curricular duties. To complement the present study, the researcher suggested:1. Conduct a similar study to the current study on the students of the Faculty of Education. 2. "Conducting a balance study between the students of the faculties of education and Quranic studies in the performance of Hamsal Al Wasl and Alqata".3. Conducting a pilot study using modern methods of teaching the subject of dictation rules.

The problem of research is determined by answering the following question: (Is the reason for the reluctance of middle school students to leave the study lies in the student himself due to the age of adolescence and the changes he is going through at this stage? Or are there other reasons?). An open question to the members of the research sample consisting of (208) students for the fourth and fifth stage of the literary and scientific sections (biology and applied) with 105 students from the fourth stage and 103 students from the fifth stage. (6) educational, educational and family fields The results were analyzed by comparing the percentages of domains using percentages. The results showed that the most common reasons that led to students' reluctance to study (Ie, the student itself), which is the highest percentage, followed by the family, social, educational, health and finally (other reasons). This means that any of these fields is important and is an effective cause for students' reluctance to study. G Different ratios and the light of the findings of the research confirm that the causative bird problem Ezz The student recommended a number of recommendations and solutions which reached (20) solutions, including the elimination of the causes And the reform of the environment both at home and in school, as well as teaching students to arrange priorities and the need for religious education and follow-up children and understand their physical and psychological needs and the use of the method of reward and punishment throughout the academic year and training on time management ...., and suggested The researcher must make and make choices to measure tendencies and trends In order to enable him to go independently according to his abilities and possibilities. She also suggested that the media should take care of this phenomenon, which has become a problem facing the education system, raising awareness and alerting to its seriousness, its effects and its connection to all systems.

The United States of America played a prominent role in supporting the military coup in Brazil after receiving intelligence that communism was seeking to seize the reins of power in Brazil and therefore the American government strived to prevent the arrival of the Communists by supporting the movement of generals to overthrow the government in Brazil and therefore the American ambassador worked in Brazil, Richard Gordon, to manage the Crisis Cell and launch an intense media campaign to show the danger posed to communism in Brazil, has worked to create a large popular class in Brazil that supports the overthrow of the government, as well as winning for generals who enjoy a high ability of the people in the Brazilian army to lead the movement against the government without Show her a role in that. It seems that the American government had a great role in raising the concerns of the military generals in Brazil regarding the Communists ’pursuit of control of the government in Brazil, which represented the removal of military leaders from their sensitive positions upon their arrival and work to replace them with leaders loyal to Communism, especially since most of those leaders were in a relationship Bad at the Communist Party and its political leaders, and from that standpoint, the American ambassador in Brazil took advantage of this point in order to arouse the ire and fears of the military leaders to carry out the coup. Therefore, cooperation took place between them and the American ambassador to Brazil in order to abort that process, as well as to remove the trade unions that were forming One of the pillars of Communist support in elections and access to power by containing the leaders of these unions as Vargas worked before when he formed the Brazilian Workers Party in order to thwart the Communist Party, but this time in parties known to hate Communism and work to lure them into union positions and provide material and partisan support to them and thus They were able to isolate the leaders of the Communist Party and thwart Goulart's plans to approach them and allow them to take up important positions in the state. And the square became ready for the military leaders to carry out the last mission, which culminated in the military coup d'état of March 31, 1964.

Our study sheds light on the social effects of the Crusader siege on Egypt during the reign of the Circassian Mamluks, which are more dangerous than the economic effects, and were even more deadly; Because it struck the values and morals of the Egyptian and Levantine society, which are difficult to build for centuries, the Circassians' policy of obtaining funds to fill the empty treasury deficit, as a result of the military campaigns, and the lavishness and wastefulness of princes and sultans in entertainment and luxury, as well as neglecting agriculture and the weight of the farmer with taxes and confiscations, which in turn left the land and migrated to The city, this policy has generated serious social diseases and waste that threatened the Egyptian and Levantine society in all its categories. We find that the Egyptian society has suffered in many of them, as we find the spread of adultery among its circles, as well as drugs and homosexuality, as well as the widespread phenomenon of alcohol among people in general, as well as the deterioration of Pension status; Because of the scarcity of treasury resources, the life of luxury and amusement experienced by the Circassian kings, and the spread of the phenomenon of charlatans and magicians that people used to go to and predict them about their future, and all of this in order to earn money, even if it is illegally. All this and the Mamluks did not move the inhabitants as a result of the circumstances surrounding them, as their concern was to remain in the pyramid of power without regard to the suffering of the people.Among its effects was also the deviation of the Egyptian and Levantine society from the values and teachings of the true Islamic religion and the values and customs of the Arab society, due to the permissibility of the Circassian Sultans who are forbidden in the Egyptian and Levantine society. , But this anointing is nothing but an external coating that concealed behind it a congenital residue and endemic malignant diseases that raise wonder and disgust, as well as the social diseases that afflicted Egypt and the Levant, including: moral corruption and false beliefs.

The Maghreb is an important country, because of its strategic importance distinguish it from the rest of its neighboring countries, as it lies on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, and demonstrated through colonial rivalry for control, as these ambitions date back to very long decades appeared at the beginning The geographical exploration carried out by Portugal and Spain, all this in order to obtain the sources of wealth owned by that country.France was one of the most enthusiastic European countries to include Morocco for strategic reasons, and these factors paved the way for imposing its hegemony on important parts of the Mediterranean, as France originally existed and occupied areas of strategic and economic importance, and the Sultan became under the mercy of French aspirations, and France demanded Morocco has entered into negotiations and concluded an agreement regarding the imposition of French protection, and has taken the necessary measures for this task, as it worked on drafting the provisions of the treaty, in line with its expansionist colonial interests, and the French government authorized the tasks of negotiations with Morocco Renu its delegate in Tangier and at the head of a mission that includes a number of Diplomats, politicians and military personnel, and the talks began with Sultan Abdul Hafeez on the twenty-sixth of March 1912 AD, the Sultan was forced to sign the treaty sometimes by enticing and threatening again and signed the treaty on the thirtieth of March 1912 AD, France pledged under the treaty to recognize the Sultan of Morocco, the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and its commitment to protect The Sultan is free from any external threat or danger in exchange for his agreement to the occupation of any region in Morocco by the French forces Legalized its occupation and expansion in Morocco The protection institutes were nothing but an inevitable result of a series that went through several stages through concessions, agreements and consular protections. In the end, these interventions led to the subjugation of Morocco and the imposition of French protection on it. After the signing of the treaty, the countries of Morocco went through a severe anger that started from Fez and included other cities. At that time, hundreds of soldiers were killed in the city of Fez alone.France was one of the countries that had the same aspirations in controlling that country, which proved its foothold in it and then began to expand on neighboring countries. France worked to impose a colonial policy to achieve its interests and make Morocco a subsidiary of France in all fields. In order to achieve its objectives to abolish the sovereign ministries in Morocco, such as foreign affairs, finance and war, the presence of the Moroccan government has become a formal form and France has the actual authority, and was at the head of the general resident with wide powers and authorities, and the Sultan has only to issue decrees.

In the Islamic East, especially in the Fars region, a lot of clashes and battles took place between the princes of the parties, whether between them or between the neighboring emirates. Azerbaijan, which was under the rule of Bani Al-Sage, witnessed many battles, and they defended their emirate, and consequently the matter led to the collapse of the rule of this emirate, and I transferred the rule to all Sarafri travelers in Azerbaijan who entered into war and peaceful relations with Bani Buwe, especially their Emir, the corner of the state.The Salyar traveler wanted to follow the path of the Emirati princes who preceded them in terms of enjoying independence on the one hand and not interfering in their affairs on the other hand. Therefore, their desire for independence emerged from the Abbasid caliphate, but its princes remained linked to the caliphate and did not achieve complete separation from it, because their emirate needed the legitimacy that the caliphs provided to them through the official tradition of the emirate. During the reign of the Buyids, where every prince took care of himself and the stability of the rule for his children and their grandchildren after him and the expansion of his emirate’s territory even if all of this was at the expense of the Abbasid caliph himself.Two powers emerged in the Islamic East that played a major role in political events, and were in fluctuating relations, between wars and battles on the one hand, and friendliness and peace on the other.The research was divided into preface and two topics, the preliminary included the emergence of the Al-Musafir family and the Emir Ruwi Al-Boaihi state on the scene of political events. As for the first topic, it included the children of Muhammed bin Musafir (Al-Marzban, Hasudhan) and their warlike relationship with Prince Rukn Al-Bohai Al-Dawla. The second topic dealt with the children of the satrap (Gestan, the Salar Ibrahim) and their peaceful relationship with the Emir, Rukn al-Dawla al-Buwaihi. The conclusion was a presentation of the most important results of the research.

Marriage is one of the priorities of the ancient Iraqi man as it represents the basic building blocks of the family, which in turn lead to the construction of a mature society, and this interest reached its peak during the ancient Babylonian (2004-1595 BC), as evidenced by the cuneiform texts discovered from this era Especially those related to personal status, especially contracts, where hundreds of contracts concluded between the parties concerned with personal status, which have been in force for long periods of time, have included the name of the wife and guardian and the name of the husband and guardian and the act of marriage as well as gifts (dowry) And the penalty requirement J by both parties as well as the names of witnesses and historical formula without which the contract.Regarding the adoption contract it is also contain name of the adopted person, name of the person who under the adopted stipulation,Witness names, oath from of the city god, and finally the date formula. I have chosen this tablet simply because it has rear subject compering with other tablets from the same collection or those, Generally for the rest of the texts available and not studied, those have economical or as letter contains of the same collection. This text contains to kinds of contract while the other has adoption contract. All its items written on the obverse. It is never attested before to found two contracts of different systems in one text which set a question mark on this rear tablet , except very rear cases when some school tablets were found to teach students editing skills of the adaptation and marriage contracts, but usually such texts were empty of any date formula which give us an evidence that they are school texts and were unofficially written.

The goal of current research to know the effectiveness of teaching in accordance with the methodology of reading mechanisms in Reading Comprehension at the fourth-grade science students, and to achieve the goal of the research, chose the researcher randomly junior straining for Boys, and the manner of random clouds chose Division (a) to represent the experimental group taught material reading according mechanics reading methodology, and the Division (b) represents the control group, who teaches reading traditional method, the research sample of (62) by a student (31) students in each group.The researcher conducted a parity between the two students in the following variables: (chronological age measured in months, educational attainment of the parents, the ministerial exam grades for the previous year, and their level of Reading Comprehension).Select researcher academic subjects taught during the duration of the experiment after the presentation to a group of experts and specialists, and a promising researcher plans for teaching subjects to be taught during the duration of the experiment and display researcher Onmozcetin two plans on a group of experts and specialists to learn disqualified and appropriateness.One of the researchers studied the same two sets of search during the duration of the experiment and after the end of the experiment the researchers applied a test of reading comprehension on the two students.Use the researcher following statistical methods :( test samples t (T-Test) The ends of the two independent samples, and Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient), and after analyzing the results, the researchers to the following: outweigh the experimental group students who have studied the material reading using the mechanics methodology reading the control group students who have studied in the traditional manner of reading material in the reading Comprehension test.The researchers concluded that the students responded to the mechanics of reading methodology in teaching and interacted with them. The results showed that, the researchers recommended a number of recommendations, including: the need to use the mechanics of reading methodology in the teaching of reading material, because of its role in improving reading comprehension for students. The researchers suggested that among the proposals, including: conducting a similar study in other variables Kalthesel, and retain information.

The ration card system was applied in Iraq in 1990, which secured the food basket for the Iraqi people, and it became a force that Iraqi families relied on without exception, and it was applied after the issuance of UN Security Council Resolution 661 for the year 1990 after the imposition of economic sanctions on Iraq by the United Nations, has been Distribution of ration card items monthly to the people of the people by the Iraqi government, according to which part of the needs of the Iraqi individual has been fulfilled. The Iraqi government has adopted many methods to achieve its economic and social goals by adopting a policy to support food for its citizens by applying the ration card system to meet the conditions of the economic blockade in order to reduce the burden on citizens, especially the poor classes on the one hand, and to provide food at affordable prices in the market On the other hand, this policy supports the individual's monetary income as well as achieving an adequate standard of living for individuals. The ration card system helped to face many crises and prevent an inevitable catastrophe, as this experience provided the possibilities and nutritional requirements at the minimum level required from the standard of living The ration card emerged as a result of many political and economic factors and was applied after the imposition of the economic blockade against Iraq in 1990. The distribution mechanism was carried out within an organized card in the form of fields bearing the name of the head of the family, the name of the locality and the alley, the number of family members, the name of the distribution agent in general and the flour distribution agent in particular.