Journal of Legal Sciences

It’s the duty of the bank to pay The value of the check . originally check is customary commercial paper, but implemented by the bank and this is characterized the check from other commercial paper and the bank is committed before the performance of the legal validity of the check by ensuring the safety of the material appearance and content . We dealt with this subject in three chapters, first - presumption of validity, and the second to the check retrieve and the third for Clearance.

principle of separation of powers is one of the most important keys of democracy, which aims to achieve the supervision of the people on the governing authority .this concept evolved over time through the ideas and theories of scholars of law and politics . the properties of the parliamentary system, says jurist French (George Bordeaux) it is based on cooperation between authorities and ensures the balance of powers distributed between the parliament and the ministry to allow each one of mutual control over the other .we discuss this matter in two chapters the first one dealing with the types and methods of parliamentary control and the second about the position of the Iraqi constitutions of parliamentary oversight.

constitutional jurisprudence describe the American political system, according to the Constitution of 1787 as presidential system according to the following standard; applying principle of separation of powers and the unity of the executive branch and strengthening the position of head of state many Arab constitutions states tradition stated in the U.S. Constitution and in particular the strength of the Head of State. Given the multiplicity of Arab constitutions, we will try to study them individually, starting with political system in Egypt according to the Constitution of 1956 and 1971

human Proceed in his life a large number of actions involve words of real or legal implications arising binding obligations, whether they are voluntarily such as charity or legal acts suspended on the will of the other person such as selling. . At the forefront of actions that give rise to an obligation the agreement or so-called contract which paid by the scholars great interest and based on the similarity and convergence between the concept of contract in Islamic law and its concept in positive jurisprudence. So we had to discuss this issue by comparing between Islamic law and civil law, which we adopted in research methodology

the individual freedoms and rights are essential and important pillar of the entire penal system, every State seeks to maintain and enclosed by a fence of immunity against any action that could detract from the legal use of these freedoms. Providing protection for the freedoms and rights is the duty of public authority. In this research we study the basis of procedural legality that should guide the legislator in the development of criminal proceedings. And we highlighted the extent of the reflection of those standards in the Code of Criminal Procedure of Iraq

we discuss in this research the importance of international human rights instruments, and the efforts of international agencies to integrate such instruments in the local legal systems , and the importance ,legal efforts, mechanisms, procedures, of such integration

There is no doubt that the development of technological and scientific experienced by the modern world has been reflected in various areas of life even extended to the downside as professional criminals who commits crimes to satisfy their desires in violation of law and to obliterate the effects of such irregularities and impede the role of law in the protection of individual safety and to promote security and stability. In contrast, we find that scientific development has been extended to include the law to meet those challenges ,biology has had effective role , especially DNA in the field of criminal Evidence .

The income derived from the transfer of ownership of the property is a source of income subject to tax is more important than taxes on other sources. Concerning profits resulting from the transfer of property or the right to dispose of it, before 7/8/2002 when Resolution 120 of 2002 issued, this tax has become a mere transfer of ownership of the property or the right to dispose , the tax imposed no matter if there is profit out of it or not . This is the topic of our research