Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

This paper develops the foundations of a technique for diagnosis andcharacterization of effects of broken bars in squirrel-cage induction motors basedon the time-stepping coupled finite-element approach. These studies are performedby using the model to compute healthy case, with two adjacent broken bars faultperformance data, which contains time variations of torque with broken bars andthe distribution of magnetic field. From this data, the faulty signatures areextracted. Furthermore, this method, which could help to develop diagnostics ofbroken bars and performance evaluation of induction motors, has great potential infuture applications.

A major drawback of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing at the transmitter side is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the signal. Conventional solutions for this problem are to use a linear amplifier ( or to back-off the operating point of a nonlinear amplifier). Recently many techniques are introduced to reduce PAPR , Selected mapping (SLM) is one of the promising PAPR reduction techniques , where some statistically independent data blocks ( carrying same information ) are generated from an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing data block using a set of phase sequences and one with the lowest PAPR is chosen and transmitted .The proposed PAPR reduction scheme in this paper used Riemann sequences as a phase vectors for Selected Mapping (in the frequency domain) along with simple mathematic processing in time domain will enhanced PAPR reduction by changing the mean and variance values of the processed Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing signals (Time Domain Statistical Control ) . For system with 128 sub-carriers and QPSK mapping , the proposed method shows almost 2dB and 4dB for conventional SLM and SLM with square rooting SQRT techniques, respectively.

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are being extensively deployed in many places to provide easy access to Internet. Power conservation is a crucial problem in wireless networks knowing that, each wireless node has a limited amount of energy concentrated in a battery. The main objective of our paper is to use a variable transmission range in order to conservation of energy and to maintaining the connectivity of the wireless nodes.The capability of sending packets of data over short hops helps conserve power. Consequently, a higher transmission power enables wireless nodes to communicate over longer distances. The optimal reception range of a wireless transceiver is not a fixed number. In this paper, we propose power control algorithm to operate in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Transmission range plays a major role in determining the reception range. Effective transmission power control is a critical issue in the design and performance of wireless communication.

This work describes an attempt has been made to study the effect of temperature on fatigue behavior of polyester reinforced with woven of fiber glass manufactured as a laminate [CSM]. Fatigue tests were carried out at constant stress amplitude at different temperature environment. All fatigue tests were employed at stress ratio R=-1 and under constant fiber volume fraction (VF) of 33%. The results indicated that the tensile and the fatigue strength decreased with increasing temperature up to at 60oC.The fatigue life reduction factor (FLRF) at 60oC was in range (41%-61%) in range of applied stresses amplitude between (80-100MPa) compared at (RT).

Determining the geographic location of an Internet Protocol (IP) devices based on its IP addresses is a challenging matter because of wide network topologies and many protocols used to interconnect these devices. On the other hand, the Internet Protocol does not contain any geographic information; they contain routing information, therefore some geolocation techniques should be developed to solve this matter. Today, finding the geographic location of an IP address becomes more important for many applications like local aware applications and restricted content delivery based on IP location. This work presents the design and implementation of IP location determination system which has been developed using the network of Computer center of University of Baghdad. In this system, a network entity called a Location Information Server (LIS) is defined to exist within the access network used to provide location information to IP devices operating within the access network. The designed system provides solutions that meet the requirements for determining the location of Private IP address inside Local Area Network (LAN), also, it describes the geographic location of Public IP address on the internet.

In this paper, a compact and low profile internal normal mode helical antenna with dual-frequencies and circular polarization has been proposed. The proposed antenna shows a wider operating bandwidth and it easy to cover the GSM band(890-960 MHz) for wireless communication dual mode operation of a mobile handset phone.This paper is contained four different designs for normal mode helical antenna , each design operates at dual- frequency band and circular polarization . The analysis of normal mode helical antenna is achieved at GSM band, and the MATLAB program is used for the design simulation.

Turning machine vibration is an old problem on manufacturing processes. Unless avoided, vibrations may cause large dynamic loads damaging the machine spindle, cutting tool, or work-piece and leave behind a poor surface finish. This work intended mainly to measure the random vibration in various cutting tool length . Accelometer fixed in different points along the tool-piece to test the effect of distance from the fixed point on random vibration . A USB vibration analyzer and using a specialized program the data obtained analyzed for many random vibrational parameters (acceleration RMS, velocity RMS ,displacement RMS and maximum frequency ) .Different speed for the turning process are used (40 ,125,180 and 540 rpm ) .Result shows increasing behavior for acceleration , velocity and displacement with decreasing behavior upon decreasing distance from fixation point and decreasing behavior for maximum frequency reached. Also, a Finite element model was suggested using ANSYS 14 to simulate the cutting tool displacement and von-Miss stress distribution .

This Paper is conducted to investigate experimentally the punching shear behavior of hybrid flat plate. Five slab specimens with (1000x1000x70) mm dimensions have been tested, two of which have been made fully with High Strength Concrete and Steel Fiber Reinforced Concreter , while, the others have been made by mixing two types of concrete (Steel Fiber Reinforced Concreter in the critical zone and High Strength Concrete in the other part of slab specimen). The slab dimensions, main reinforcement have been kept constant in all slab specimens. The variables are concrete type and dimensions of critical area. Experimental results show that the use of SFRC improves the punching shear resistance and allows higher forces to be transferred through the slab-column connection. For slab specimen which made fully with SFRC, the ultimate shear capacity increased by (25%) in comparison with the normal slab. While, for slab specimens which made with hybrid concrete the ultimate shear capacity increased by (5%-13%) in comparison with the normal slab.

The continuous increase of the number of heavy trucks with excessive axle load requires the implementation of new technologies, prolonging the longevity of road pavement. Therefore, Reinforcement grids have recently come into use in pavements in order to retard the distresses in the asphalt surface layers. The main objective of this research is to investigate the improvement of steel mesh used as reinforcement interlayer in asphalt layers to pavement performance through laboratory tests. Beams and slabs specimens of asphalt concrete mix are prepared, and tested with fatigue life and wheel tracking tests. The analysis of test results show that, the absence of reinforcement steel-mesh in Asphalt sample produces an improvement to the number of cycles and deformation rate for reinforced samples over the equivalent unreinforced samples, and the difference is significant at highest temperatures. The bottom location of steel mesh (bottom of wearing course layer) gives minimum deformation and maximum number of cycles to failure as compared with others locations of embedded grid.

The effect of inclination angle on convection heat transfer in a 2-D inclined rectangular enclosure is numerically investigation. Inclination angle varies from 30 to 60. Governing equation were solved for Ra (103-104). The enclosure object with heated left side wall, while the right side was cold, the top and bottom walls were adiabatic. The theoretical study involved the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations by explicit method using finite difference . The stream function – formulation was used in the mathematical model. The numerical results showed that the main process of heat transfer is conduction for Rayleigh number less than Ra≤103, and convection for Rayleigh number greater than Ra>103. For Ra=105 and AR=3, show a bicellular flow in stream lines contour because the velocity nearby cold wall is larger than those which are far away from cold wall. In isotherm lines contour a plume region will be clearer.

In this paper a numerical study for the natural convection in an enclosure withadjacent single wall using vertical adiabatic partition attached to bottom wall. The verticalwalls of the enclosure are isothermal while the bottom and top horizontal walls areinsulated. The temperature of the left vertical wall is higher than the temperature of theright vertical wall. The study included a change in the inclination of the cold wall of(f=15°, 30° and 45°), Rayleigh number of (Ra=103 to 105), length of partition of (YP= 0.2,0.3 and 0.4) and location of partition of (XP=0.25 and 0.5). A finite difference method wasapplied to solve the governing equations using Gauss-siedel iterative technique. Results forthe mean Nusselt number, and contour maps of the streamlines and isotherms line arepresented. It has been found that Nusselt number increases with an increase in Rayleighnumber, inclination of cold wall with percentage of (10-16%) and location of partition withpercentage of (3-14%) while decreases with increasing in partition length with percentageof (5.4-7%).

The inhibition behavior of eucalyptus camaldulenis leaves extract on the corrosion of low carbon steel in 3M HCl solution have been investigated using the gravimetric technique, Five different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8and 10) g/l of eucalyptus camaldulenis leaves extract were studded .It was shown that the presence of eucalyptus camaldulenis leaves extract inhibited the corrosion of low carbon steel in the test solutions and that the inhibition efficiency depended on the concentration of the plant extract and on the time of exposure of the low carbon steel samples in 3M HCl solutions containing the extract. The experimental data complied form of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the value and sign of the Gibb’s free energy of adsorption obtained suggested that inhibitor molecules have been spontaneously adsorbed onto the low carbon steel surface through a physical adsorption mechanism.

In this paper we have made an algorithm to diagnose the thin basement membrane nephropathy. The idea of our algorithm is based on content based image retrieval and Hough transform. The diagnosis of this disease is depending on calculating the membrane thickness to know whether it is normal or abnormal. The traditional way for calculating the thickness is by manually enlarging the pictures for more than 5 thousand times before calculating the thickness, so we suggest an automatic algorithm to detect the membrane in the pictures then calculates the thickness. Firstly, a database of the membrane shapes will be build by dividing the original image of size 512512 pixel into sub images of size7070 pixel, the sub image that contain membrane will be considered, other parts will be ignored. Then, the sub image that contain the membrane will be enhanced and converted into binary image to detect the edges, Hough transform and line detect method are used to detect the surface of the membrane by drawing lines on the surface of the membrane, by applying orthogonal line on two lines that lies on the corresponding membrane surface, we then calculated the distance between two lines by using Euclidian distance.

Many systems exist in real control applications whose characteristics are difficult to be mathematically modeled, therefore performing the design of an adequate controller is a computationally complex task using the classical methods. Alternatively, neural networks prove to be a good tool in control systems design which can be used without the need to know the exact model. This paper aims at designing a neuro-controller that combines both supervised and adaptive neuro-control schemes. The supervised scheme mimics the classical PID controller off-line; while the adaptive scheme can adapt to the system uncertainty on-line, which could eliminate the need for an exact model. The objective of the proposed neural control system is to stabilize a robot arm and the resulting robot arm angles. However, an experimental set-up of an inverted pendulum rig mounted on a cart is used as the test-bed. The simulation results prove that the proposed adaptive neuro-control scheme successfully maintained the pendulum in an upright position at steady-state.

This research deals with the subject of capability of production process for manufacturing identical products in accordance with established design specifications by comparing the spread of values of a statistical property that specifies the quality with the tolerance value for specifications. In order to reach this aim, normal probability papers were utilized as an effective means to carry out this comparison, which can be also used to define the percentage of defects outside the limits of specification for the property that specifies the quality. The use of normal probability papers was applied in calculating the capability of production process in one of plants for dry batteries, that is on the technological route for the production line for manufacturing a dry battery of large type, and on one battery manufacturing stages which is the operation of bending the cup of battery zinc, into which the mixture of heart cell (negative electrode) is placed. The cup of the zinc is then closed by a plastic insert. Specimens were taken from output of the process for 25 days and in 5 individuals for one specimen, and a control chart for average and standard deviation was then drawn, from which it is indicated that the process is statistically controlled allowing to use the normal probability papers to define the capability of the production process for this property. It is shown that the percentage of the total defects outside the limits of specification is equal to (8.31%).