Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences)

In the present work , theoretical study is presented to calculate the neutralization probability throughout the ground state channel and the neutralization probability throughout the excited state channel for the desorbed particle throughout the sputtering process . The Hamiltonian that describes the system is written taking into account the ground and the excited states of the sputtered particle. We get use of Heisenberg equations of motion to derive the equations of motion that describe the system . To simplify the solution of the equations , wide band approximation is used then the law of charge conservation is investigated . The equations are solved numerically and the sputtered atom – surface interaction is investigated along its classical trajectory as it goes far away from the surface . Extended model parameterization is presented to check the general features of sputtered atom – surface interaction and the concept of interference energy is discussed . Our treatment is applied to real system , that is the sputtering of atom from polycrystalline silver surface . The neutralization probabilities throughout ground state and the excited state channels are calculated as a function of time , the normal velocity component of the sputtered atom and for different values of the strength of interaction that related to the electronic structure of sputtering region . The results we get show qualitative agreement with the experimental data and with results of the de – excitation model . These results are emploied to calculate the photon yield as a function of the sputtering atom’s normal velocity component and for different values of interaction strength .

Hydrilla verticillata, (in Arabic Qotel in some area) is an exotic and invested aquatic plant for Iraq. It is recently decovered after inundation of Abo-Zaraq marsh, therefore its ecology and distribution are the amis of this study.The results of this study showed that H. verticillata has different reproductive stratigies and a very high potential of invation of different habitat, and can easly grow and withstand in it. For that reson H. verticillata quickly succeeded to expand its distribution through almost all marshes areas including Shatt Al-Arab water way reaching to Abo Al-Khasib.Cover percent, Biomases and the yield of a year production were determined.

Vegetative micro propagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) has been established through
formation of adventitious buds from culture of white nodular callus in synthetic media containing high level
of the cytokinin (2ip)(5 and 10 mg/l)for 6 months. Histological examination of the adventitious buds
formation revealed the nodules in the subculture masses to be a pro buds initiated from meristematic cells
located in the superficial layers of the organogenesis callus,it was found that buds initiated from compact
aggregates cells proliferate through successive divisions into bipolar structures which appear as free nodules
embedded in the callus mass. Upon transferring the buds formation tocultured on nutrient medium of
(MS)salts full strength supplemented 30 g/l sucrose,0.25 g/l ctivated charcoal ,7 g/l agar,(1,2) mg/l NAA and
cytokinins (2iP)(5,10)mg/l. completed their growth and developed into entire plantlets.

Hydrilla verticillata, (in Arabic Qotel in some area) is an exotic and invested aquatic plant for Iraq.
It is recently decovered after inundation of Abo-Zaraq marsh, therefore its ecology and distribution are the
amis of this study.
The results of this study showed that H. verticillata has different reproductive stratigies and a very
high potential of invation of different habitat, and can easly grow and withstand in it. For that reson H.
verticillata quickly succeeded to expand its distribution through almost all marshes areas including Shatt AlArab water way reaching to Abo Al-Khasib.
Cover percent, Biomases and the yield of a year production were determined.

he object of study was to in vestiges the effect of spraying of Zinc and Fe-mixture at concentration(0+0,20+20,40+40,60+60)mg/Land growth seasons(autumn and spring) on growth and flowers of Rosa hybrida L.cv. sultani . A results of this study that the;1-Plants treated with Zinc and Fe- mixture at concentration 20+20 and 40+40 mg/L showed increase significant on all vegetative growth ,flowering, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium .2-The results showed significant increase for the plants grown during the autumn season in plant height, length of the flower stem ,diameter of flower ,fresh and dry weight of flower .while plant grown during the spring season gave significant increase in the number of branches ,leaves ,flowers ,hastening and reduced in the number of days to initiation and development .3-The interaction between the Zinc and Fe- mixture and growth season showed significant increase in plant height, length of the flower stem ,diameter of flower ,fresh and dry weight of flower .While the interaction between the growth season and Zinc and Fe- mixture gave significant increase on number of branches ,leaves flowers and also hastening reduced in the number of days to flower bud and development.

A survey is done to estimate the nitrate in the underground water of some wells in the South of Iraq (Khor Al–Zubair , Zubair and Safwan) during November 2008 . Twenty wells were selected with different depths ranged 7–12 m in Khor Al–Zubair and 17–25 m in Safwan and Al–Zubair. The aim of this study is the evaluation of ions of nitrate, nitrite and chloride by using the portable conductivity meter then measuring electrical conductivity in the field depending on samples from Shatt Al–Arab as control samples. The values recorded within this study were 98 mg.l-1 for nitrate and 2750 mg.l-1for chloride in wells with low depths. Low values were recorded 15–100 mg.l-1 for nitrate and 500–3000 mg.l-1 for chloride in wells with high depths. The recorded values were more than the allowed values and which indicated that ground waters are polluted with nitrate.