Wasit Journal for Human Sciences

The students' abandoning of the study/school is one of the factors that negatively affects the instructional and educational process and impedes it to achieve its objectives, since the abandonment/desertion is an immense educational problem that has its impact on the society and its individuals and leads to a shift of the society interest from building , reconstruction , development , and welfare to centres of guidance and correction and also leads to the conyinuity of ignorance and backwardness , and finally the control of the backward traditions and customs that limits and hinders the society .
For the sake of knowing the important reasons behind the students' desertion/abandonment at the intermediate and preparatory schools , the research workers have built a measurement/scale . Its final form enfolds ( 52 ) items after they subjected to the conditions of validity , reliability , andthe ability of discrimination . The items have been distributed among five domains : the school , family , learner , bad peers/friends , and security cicumstance . The aims of the research are :
1. Measuring the reason of the scholastic desertion/abandonment through the construction of a scale/measure which aims at knowing this objectives .
2. Knowing the relative significance for each reason of the reasons that lead to the scholastic desertion of the students from the viewpoint of the male and femaleguides/instructors at the intermediate and preparatory schools in Al-Diwaniya governorate .
3. Knowing the indication/significance of the differences among the degrees averages of the reasons that lead to the scholastic desertion of the students from the point of view of the male and female guides/instructors at the intermediate and preparatory schools in Al-Diwaniya governorate according to the gender/sex of the guide/intructor ( male / female ) .
The scale/measure has been conducted on a sample of male and female guides/instructors at the intermediate and preparatory schools in Al-Diwaniya governorate which amounts ( 100 ) male and female guides/instructors . The data analysis has shown the percentages of the important reasons of the school desertion according to the domains of : the family , school , learner , bad peers/friends and security circumstance. The study has discovered also that there is no differences that have statistical indication/value among the averages of the degrees of the students' desertion reseaons at the intermediate and preparatory levels according to the variable of sex/gender . The research has come up with a number of recommendations and suggestions .

Technical Institute of Suwayrah

Summary:-
The modern banking emerged in Iraq delayed until end of the nineteenth century with the opening of the first British bank in Baghdad in 1890 and continued after the opening of foreign banks. The Rafidain Bank, which was founded on 19 \ 5 \ 1941, the first Iraqi bank established under law 33 of 1941 was established after a number of Iraqi banks to foreign banks. The commercial banks were merged in 1946, making the commercial banking system, an Iraqi from a commercial bank and is one of the Rafidain Bank in the 1 \ 11 \ 1988 was established as a commercial bank of good government during the last part of the Rafidain Bank. The establishment of the bank did not change the reality of the banking business, which is dominated by the government and the traditional banking activity. In 1991 allowed the establishment of private banks, however, that the work is confined to the domestic investment and financial intermediation and the work of the regular service Chirvip. The number of government and private banks (33) and the network of bank branches at (540) branches throughout the country where it is noted that each branch serves (5000) people have occupied the Rafidain Bank ranked first in the area of commercial banking activity in Iraq and came here to assess the efficiency of research bank's performance for the period from 1997 through 2003, according to the assessment of the entrance to the analysis of financial aspects that affect the performance and financial indicators which reflect the amount of cash in the exploitation emerged that the liquidity ratio decreased from (36%) to 1997 (28%) in 2001 despite the increase balance in the Fund and to the banks and that the high rate of capital investment, particularly in monetary credit. As well as the index of profit (778%) to 1997 (859%) and to increase capital investment in the areas of investment in securities and cash credit in addition to the high prices and inflation rates in the economy then. The volume of credit in raising the cash, but the ratio of credit decreased from (115%) to 1997 (37%) and to the fact that the rate of increase in the size of the biggest assets of the increase in the volume of credit, either in relation to the size of investments has increased from (22.72) billion dinars in 1997 to (74.58), which resulted primarily from higher volume of remittances as well as the Treasury, the current deposits registered an increase as the increase (46.06) billion dinars between 1997 and 2000. However, the rate fell from savings accounts (33%) to 1997 (30%) in 2001 because of poor access for most people, especially low-income in addition to the increase in the proportion of the volume of deposits.