Journal of Education for Humanities

This research aims to study the kaser of the hamza (inna) and fathaha it after a saying. It is broken if a story is intended, and it is opened if the story is not intended. There have been Qur’anic readings in which the hamza (inna) was broken and opened after a saying, with different interpretations. The research came in two requirements: the first requirement after The apparent statement was in three places, arranged according to the order of the verses in the Holy Qur’an, and the second requirement was after the implicit statement, and it was in two places according to their order in the Holy Qur’an.

Thomas More is one of the most famous English scholars in humanities. He was a harbinger of humanism, which started in Italy in the fourteenth century A.D. After More was convinced of learning the life of monastics, he started practicing law and participated in public life. Moreover, he was at the service of Henry VII, who made the English Renaissance enter a new stage through paying attention to man being the basis of any science and study. His status was like a scientific academia. Since 1509, More was received a great care by Henry VIII, and he nominated him a deputy in diplomatic negotiations with a number of other European states. He was also nominated in a diplomatic mission to Holland and Belgium to settle some suspended issued between the two countries. However, his scientific and political life ended when Henry VIII executed him in 1535.

The research tagged with (The Legality of Deliberative Interaction in the Novel of the Morning and Evening Hadith of Naguib Mahfouz - the letter of the eye as a model-) deals with the most important concepts that deliberatively invested in analyzing the discourse in its various contexts, such as verbal and intentional acts, the achievement act, the achievement power, the context, and the contents of saying from presupposition and implicit sayings. Deliberative mechanisms were relied on in analyzing the texts of the novel, as well as the arrival of applied models to clarify concepts and help the recipient acquire applied analysis skills from a pragmatic point of view, as well as clarifying the most important relationships that deliberative contribute to doing and emphasizing the existence of common knowledge between the interlocutors determined by Through which methods of communication in different discourses according to the conclusions of the deliberative interaction.
The research begins with a theoretical introduction dealing with the importance of the legality of deliberative interaction, followed by a preface that examines the relationship of deliberative interaction. Which the research has reached, the margins of the research and the abstract in English are recorded.

Due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, e-learning has grown in popularity. Maintaining studenzt performance, participation and motivation are considered challenges were facing e-learning, especially the link between student participation and academic performance. This paper suggested using regression algorithms to predict students' performance and find the relationship between students' participation, the final exam result in the e-learning environment, and each effect's attribute on performance. To analyze students' performance and predict their performance, the Open University Learning Analytics (OULAD) dataset was used, which shows the students' interaction during the online laboratory work in terms of text editing, time spent on each activity, etc., in addition to the test score achieved in each session. Which are divided into three major groups depending on a variety of factors: (1) the kind of activity, (2) time statistics, and (3) the number of peripheral tasks. The suggested ML model forecasts whether a student will do poorly or well. Four popular prediction algorithms—XGboost, LASSO, Decision Trees, and Support Vector Regression—were applied and tested in the investigation. The results showed that LASSO performed the best in terms of prediction accuracy.

Values have an important role in reforming the state of nations and overcoming the obstacles of the present to build a secure and stable future. The process of reform is a continuous process and is not dependent on our reality, but it is necessary to keep pace with the development of the whole world. Our country is a part of this world. Today, it is a great challenge for researchers and scientists to reach the international standards in education and to allow more space to compete while having standards that do not deviate from the spirit of our Islamic law, which gives every person the right to make their life and to peacefully build their own entity and nation with other people.
Successful global experiments have been launched with minds that have studied their reality and knew that nations can only succeed by guarding their scientists, legislators and rulers who have surrounded their experiences with high values. Next comes innovation based on legal legislation which gives individuals and scientific institutions the freedom to accomplish and invest.
The monotony of scientific research in most of our universities compared to scientific research in successful countries is a remarkable issue.
With the development that occurs every day to humanity, with the scientific progress and the need to find integration between the ruler and the ruled; new challenging issues are arising to the scientists to find the solutions that do not deviate from the standards of our law.
The research includes an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion that includes benefits and recommendations.
The first chapter: Scientific research and its role in changing and developing societies and realistic evidences from the history of nations.
The second topic: The relationship of the scientific research with the societal values and analysis of contemporary issues.
Conclusion including recommendations:
• Preparing a generation of researchers to establish high societal values such as sincerity and honesty.
• Encouraging the scientific environment that attracts university students to scientific production.
• Promote scientific output, turn it into a reality, and encourage competition in a spirit full of high values, away from the selfishness and the policy of overthrowing the other.
• Immunize young people from extremism by embracing their scientific output, securing their future and fostering a spirit of citizenship.
• Benefit from the experiences of nations.
• Analyze the reality of education and find modern ways which fit our societies in order to rise again.

The current research aims to build a measure of confrontational anxiety among fourth grade students in Mosul schools and to identify the general level of confrontational anxiety among fourth grade students in Mosul schools according to the variables (Sex. classroom). as well as identifying the general level of psychological expatriation among fourth grade preparatory students in Mosul schools and identifying the morale of differences in the light of the level of psychological expatriation of the fourth grade preparatory students on a changing rhythm (Sex. branch) and revealed the statistical significance of the relationship between confrontational anxiety and psychological alienation among members of the research sample.
The basic current research sample consisted of 800 students selected in a random class manner from Mosul schools for the academic year (2021-2022) distributed to 10 schools in Mosul city and in order to achieve the research objectives. the researcher applied two tools: The confrontational anxiety scale that built it and the psychological alienation scale prepared before (Al-Saadi. 2018). verified the sincerity of the two measures by adopting (virtual honesty. construction honesty. self-honesty) stabilization was calculated in two ways (retest method. internal consistency method equivalent to Alfa Cronbach). After the application of the two tools. the data were processed statistically using the Social Science Statistical Pouch Program (SPSS). The results showed the following:
1- The search sample has overall confrontational anxiety at a level above the default average.
2- There are statistically significant differences in the level of confrontation anxiety among 4th grade junior students according to the sex variable (male-female) and for the benefit of the female.
3- There are statistically significant differences in the level of confrontation anxiety among students in the fourth grade. according to the variable of the classroom (scientific-literary) and in the literary interest.
4- The search sample has a general psychological alienation at a level above the default average.
5- There are statistically significant differences in the level of psychological alienation among junior fourth graders according to the sex variable (male-female) and the interests of the female.
6- There are statistically significant differences in the level of psychological alienation among fourth grade junior students according to the variable of the branch (scientific - literary) and in the literary interest.
7- There is a statistically significant expulsion link between confrontational anxiety and psychological alienation among fourth grade junior students in Mosul schools.
In the light of the research results. the researcher came up with some of the following recommendations and proposals:
First: Recommendations: -
1. Take advantage of the measure of confrontational anxiety prepared by the researcher and use it to reveal the level of confrontational anxiety among the students of the fourth grade preparatory school in Mosul city schools.
2. Because there are some students who have psychological alienation. the researcher sees the need to pay attention to lectures. seminars and student meetings in order to achieve social interaction and overcome psychological alienation.
"The researcher suggests studying confrontational anxiety and its relationship to psychological alienation on other samples such as "university students"

The current research objective is to expose the effectiveness of the (K.W.L) strategy increasing the learning passion in history teaching for 10th-grade students. To achieve this goal, the two researchers followed the semi-experimental (tribal-dimensional) design curriculum of the control group, The current research requires the selection of a representative sample of society, the size of which is commensurate with the statistical procedures. The researcher selected the sample of his research in the random cluster method, which is based on the selection of whole groups after the division of society into random groups. The research tools were a measure of learning passion. (43) A paragraph and an attainment test, which included (50) a paragraph of the researchers' construction, After the extraction of psychometric properties such as sincerity and stability, the passion scale and the attainment test were applied to a random sample of (38) students, divided into two groups: The experimental group consisted of (18) female students, and the control group consisting of (20) female students, during the three-month trial period the experimental group was taught in accordance with the (K.W.L) strategy, and the control group was taught in accordance with the conventional way of teaching, and the results of the research showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the Post test application of the Learning Passion Scale test and in light of the research results.

Knowing the sentences, the locations of the structures, and what must be done with them in terms of conjugation, continuation in their positions, or disjoining is one of the issues worthy of attention and care, despite the ruggedness of its paths and the difficulty of its issues.
The issue of conjugation and disjoin is one of the most important issues of lingual rhetoric, and It was the subject of researches in modern linguistics in the theory of text linguistics; rather, the complexity of this theory is based on conjugation and disjoin both in terms of form and content. As such, scientists have been concerned with it since the early beginnings of the emergence of rhetoric; also the scholars of the inimitability of the Qur’an dealt with it, they highlighted the importance of this subject, the difficulty of its path, and the greatness of its benefit. And with the succession of the research in this field, two of the masters of rhetoric, Al-Sakakky and Abdulqaher Al-Jurjani, were the first to expand its topics and explain its functions. So this research required that we clarify this topic within the course of their rhetorical thinking to facilitate the understanding of this topic, because whoever understands the conjugation and disjoin in the investigations of Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani and Al-Sakaki, it will be easier to understand the topic.
This research came under the title (Conjugation and Disjoin according to Abdel-Qaher and Al-Sakaki) and included a preface in which it dealt with a definition of the concept of disjoin and connecting and mentioning the quotes of former researchers and their definitions of this rhetorical art.
After that, the paper discussed the most prominent topics related to conjugating and disjoining, such as conjunction, its tools, its usefulness, its positive and negative aspects.
Then it made a comparison in the most important topics discussed by Abdul-Qaher and Al-Sakaki about this topic, and clarifying the aspects of compatibility and disagreement between them in terms of concept and method within four axes;
The first axis came to the search for conjugation and disjoins its concept and importance, according to Abdel-Qaher Al-Jurjani and Al-Sakaki.
The second axis is a discussion of the disagreements of Al-Sakaki with Abdel-Qaher in the curriculum and methodology.
In the third axis, the research dealt with the disagreements of Al-Sakaki with Abdel-Qaher in the subordinates, while the fourth axis included the most prominent issues of conjugation and disjoin according to Abdel-Qaher and Al-Sakaki, with mentioning the most important findings of the research.

The current study aimed to study success rates for the finished stages (the third average) for schools affiliated to the education district of Tal Kaif and schools affiliated to IDP camps in Dohuk. Schools are in the midst of e-learning. and it shows the importance of this type of education in our current age and its reliance on it as an effective and supportive method for in-person education.
The study showed a noticeable increase in the general success rates, reaching 43% in 2021, the result of the success rates for e-learning compared to the same schools in 2017, as it reached 17.5%, which is the general success rate for all schools in the Telkif district. As for the camp students, they also witnessed a slight increase in success rates. The general rate reached 25.8% for the year 2021, compared to 19.4% for the year 2017.
The study also included the ranking of the top five schools in terms of success rates in e-learning for Til Kayf Education, which is Al-Manar Secondary School for Boys with an overall success rate of 100%, followed by Al-Qosh High School for Girls with a rate of 75%, then Til Kayf Middle School for Girls with a rate of 74.1%, and Qara Qoynili Middle School for Girls with a rate of 70%.
As for the schools that topped the first five ranks for success rates in the camps for the displaced, they were Essian Mixed Secondary School with a rate of 57%, followed by Barda Rash with 44.8%, Mam Rashan Middle School with 37.7%, Kaberto Mixed High School with a rate of 33.3%, and finally Sharia Middle School with 30.5%.

The research aimed to answer the following question: What is the level of strategic decision-making among the heads of departments of the colleges of the University of Mosul from the point of view of the teachers?
The research was limited to a sample of teachers in the faculties of the University of Mosul for the academic year 2021-2022. The research sample consisted of (400) teachers who were chosen from (8) faculties. including (4) scientific faculties and (4) humanities faculties. making up a percentage of (10%) from the research community.
As for the research tool. the researcher used the scale of the level of strategic decision-making among the heads of the departments of the colleges of the University of Mosul. which was built by the researcher depending on the procedures of an exploratory study. and reliance on some of the literature and standards that he reviewed. The scale may be in its final version of (30) paragraphs answered by By choosing one of the five alternatives indicated for each item (always. often. sometimes. rarely. never) according to Likert scale. after finding the significance of the apparent validity and construct validity of it. and finding the scale’s stability. the test and retest methods were also adopted. the alpha-Cronbach equation and the subjective validity. Scale stability according to these methods (0.81 - 0.85 - 0.90). respectively. After analyzing the data by using the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS). using the t-test for one sample. and after analyzing the data statistically. the researcher reached the:
 
Conclusion:
1. "The level of strategic decision-making is higher than the average among the heads of departments of the colleges of the University of Mosul from the point of view of the teachers."
Recommendation:
2. Continuing to encourage the heads of scientific departments to work in a team spirit at all stages of the strategic decision-making process and to enhance the confidence of communication and support among the heads of scientific departments.
Suggestion:
3. Conducting a study on strategic decision-making and its relationship to job satisfaction from the point of view of department heads.

The research aims to know (The degree of the secondary school teacher's practice of his role in active learning strategies from the point of view of educational specialist supervisors) The research sample consisted of (25) supervisors and supervisors in Nineveh Governorate, and the researcher adopted the descriptive approach and a questionnaire containing (30) items, after finding truthfulness and consistency For her, the researcher adopted the arithmetic averages, standard deviations, percentages and rank, the T-test (T) for two independent samples, the single-variance analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the application of the five-point Likert scale as statistical means. The researcher reached a number of results, including: Medium, and there were no statistically significant differences about the degree of their practice of active learning strategies depending on the gender variable and academic achievement at the significance level (0.05). In light of the results of the research, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and suggestions, including: Holding training courses and discussion sessions to enlighten teachers about active learning strategies and how to employ them by professional supervisors, and the cooperation of the concerned authorities in preparing educational bags that contain the means and tools that facilitate the teacher use when applying strategies Active learning while teaching, and preparing similar research and studies for the current research of different societies and for some active learning strategies.

The current research aims to know the degree of knowledge sharing practice among the teachers of the Geography Department from their point of view, and to achieve the goal of the research, the descriptive approach was used. Verify its validity and reliability, and it consists of (30) paragraphs.
Statistical means such as: mean, standard deviation, and t-test for two independent samples were used.
The research reached a set of results, including: The second field (teaching and learning activities) ranked first and with a large degree, while the field (scientific research) ranked last, third, and with a low degree.
The research reached a set of recommendations, including: The necessity of educating the teaching staff about the need to use knowledge sharing among them to increase their efficiency and academic capabilities.
The researcher suggested a set of proposals, including conducting a similar study to the current study to identify the students\' views on the degree of knowledge sharing practice

This research aims to study the grammatical correctives by Al-Fashni (d. 992 AH) through his book Al-Qalada Al-Kuheriah fi Sharh Al-Durra Al-Bahiya, as the redemption lies in its connection with a previous action, so there must be a pre-remediation and a later one, and that the violation lies between the benefactor of the first action and the rectification of the action The suffix, and therefore the deduction is not identical, and what is meant by it is to repel the illusion arising from the previous speech. The research was divided into two axes, we dealt with in the first axis: the translation of Allamah Al-Fashni, and in the second axis: the most important grammatical corrections through his book Al-Qalada Al-Kuhriya in Explanation of Al-Durra Al-Bahiya, and then we followed it with a conclusion that included the most prominent results, and an index of sources and references.

The Emirate of Al-Karmian recently emerged and entered the stage of growth and expansion, as the struggle for sovereignty becomes a title for that stage. What distinguishes this study is that it focused on an important era in the history of the Ottoman Empire and the neighboring emirates, namely the stage of the fall of the Seljuk state of Rome and the emergence of the Turkmen emirates that became independent with their possessions after those events and were known by the names of their founders, and each emirate began to expand at the expense of the neighboring emirates.
When Sultan Murad I was martyred in the battle of Kosovo, its emir Yaqub II attacked the property of the Ottoman Empire, which angered Sultan Bayezid I Yildirim, who took power after his father's death. The Ottoman Sultan worked on dividing the emirate into administrative units and applied all the Ottoman regulations and laws and organized its economic affairs, and it continued under Ottoman control until the Battle of Ankara, in which Sultan Bayezid I Yildirim lost while Tamerlane, who restored Prince Yaqub Bey to rule in his emirate in 1403 AD. While Prince Jacob II was on his deathbed and he had no heir to rule in his emirate, he bequeathed all his possessions to Sultan Murad II, and thus the Karamian emirate was included in the possessions of the Ottoman Empire in 1428 AD.

Imam Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani left us a lot of scientific heritage; Writings and students, and among these eminent persons: Imam Ahmad bin Ismail al-Kurani, who died in the year (893) AH. Between the interpretation of the maxim and the interpretation according to the opinion, and this study came to clarify this matter. I divided the research into two sections; The first topic I talked about the life of Imam Al-Kurani and his scientific efforts, and in the second section I talked about his method of interpretation through some aspects.

The current research aims to identify:
The level of social interest among students of the University of Mosul and on the statistically significant differences in the level of social interest among students of the University of Mosul according to the variables of gender (male, female), grade (second and fourth), academic specialization (scientific, human). As well as identifying the level of quality of life among students of the University of Mosul, and the statistically significant differences in the level of quality of life among students of the University of Mosul according to gender variables (males, females), academic grade (second and fourth), academic specialization (scientific, human). It also aimed to identify the correlation between social interest and quality of life among Mosul University students, as well as to identify the correlation between areas of social interest and areas of quality of life among Mosul University students.
The research community includes (21869) distributed over (24) colleges of scientific and humanitarian specialization, where the number of second-grade students (11448) and fourth-grade (10421) and the number of males (11105) and females (10,764). (804) male and female students and constitutes (4%) of the current research community. The researchers used two tools to achieve the research objectives. The first is to build a measure of social interest (from the numbers of the two researchers) consisting of (50) in its final form, and also to build a measure of quality of life (from the numbers of the two researchers). It consists of (43) items in its final form, and the validity of the two scales was verified by adopting (apparent honesty, construct validity, subjective validity). They are: the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the alpha-Cronbach equation, the z-test for the difference between the two correlation coefficients) the two researchers came up with a set of results, including
Mosul University students have an above average level of social interest and quality of life. The study also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of social interest, gender variables (males, females) and the semester (second, fourth).
- The study indicated that there are statistically significant differences between social interest and academic specialization in favor of humanity.
- The study also indicated that there are statistically significant differences between quality of life and gender variables (males, females) in favor of females, while the academic specialization variable (scientific, humanitarian) and in favor of humanity.
- While she indicated that there are no differences between the quality of life and the academic grade (second, fourth)
- The previous study also indicated that there is a positive positive correlation between social interest and quality of life among students of the University of Mosul.
In light of the results, I came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of systemic thinking among the teachers of the University of Mosul, by answering the following questions:
1. What is the level of systemic thinking among the teachers of Mosul University in general?
2. Is there a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) in the level of systemic thinking among the teachers of Mosul University according to the variables (gender/specialization/years of service)?
The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and the current research community consisted of the teachers of Mosul University for the academic year (2021-2022 AD), where the number of teachers at the University of Mosul reached (3882) teachers, and the research sample consisted of (350) teachers at the University of Mosul.
For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the Systematic Thinking Scale (Abdul-Wahab, 2019), and after verifying the validity and reliability of the research tool, the scale consisted of (40) items for the Systemic Thinking Scale. 2022 until 21/2/2022.
After the data collection and unloading process and the use of Microsoft Excel, the researcher adopted the appropriate statistical methods to achieve the research objectives using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program, represented by the second test for one sample, the second choice for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the second test for the significance of the correlation coefficient, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Alpha Cronbach, and after analyzing the data statistically, the results showed the following:
1. The teachers of the University of Mosul have a high level of systemic thinking.
2. There is a difference that can be attributed to the gender variable and in favor of males when teaching Mosul University in the level of systemic thinking. There is a difference that can be attributed to the variable of specialization of the teachers of Mosul University in the level of systemic thinking.. The existence of a difference that can be attributed to the service variable and in favor of the category of more than 10 years among the teachers of the University of Mosul in the level of systemic thinking.
In light of the research results, the researcher came up with a number of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify transcendental leadership and its relationship to the creative behavior of intermediate school principals from their teachers’ perspective, by answering the following questions:
1. What is the level of transcendental leadership of intermediate school principals from their teachers’ perspective in general?
2. Is there a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) in the level of transcendental leadership among intermediate school principals from the point of view of their teachers according to the variables (gender, specialty, years of service)? The researcher relied on the descriptive approach, and the current research population consisted of intermediate school teachers in the city of Mosul for the academic year (2021-2022), as the number of teachers in intermediate schools in the city of Mosul on its right and left sectors was (2699) teachers. The research sample consisted of (336) teachers in Intermediate Schools in the city of Mosul.
In order to achieve the goal of the research, it was required that the researcher construct the two research tools, which are (transcendental leadership, creative behavior), and after verifying the validity and reliability of the two research tools, they became in their final form consisting of (32) items for the transcendent leadership tool. the researcher used the appropriate statistical methods to achieve the objectives of the research, using the package program (SPSS) for social sciences in analyzing the data related to this research, represented by the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the t-test for the correlation coefficient, the percentage of experts’ agreement to find out the validity of the scale items, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. and after analyzing the data statistically, the results showed the following:
Intermediate school principals have a high level of transcendental leadership from their teachers’ point of view There are no statistically significant differences due to the variable (gender, specialization, years of service) in the level of transcendental leadership among the members of the research sample. The research came out with several recommendations that the Ministry of Education should open training courses for intermediate school principals in all general directorates in Iraq for the purpose of informing them about the types of leadership, including transcendental leadership, in order to acquire the necessary skills, which will be positively reflected on teachers, encouraging intermediate school principals to prepare creative strategic plans and follow up their implementation.

There is no doubt that Lisan al-Arab dictionary by Ibn Manzur (D. 711 A.H.) is one of the large dictionaries in our Arab heritage, because it is abundant with words. He collected its linguistic material depending on five books: Al Azhari's (D. 370 A.H.) Dictionary, Tahdhib Al Lugha, Sahah: Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiya by al-Jawhari (D.393 A.H.), Ibn Sida's (D.458 A.H.), Al-Muḥkam wa-l-Muḥīṭ al-Aʿẓam, Hawashi of Ibn Bari Almaqdsi (D. 582 A.H.), Ibn al-Athīr's (D.606 A.H.) An-Nihayatu fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar. The paper examines words indicating the weakness of the heart and mind and their signification and return to that weakness depending on the meanings obtained from these words which belong to the same roots to which the words of the study belong. The paper consists of two sections. The first section tackles words indicating the weakness of the heart . The second section discusses words indicating the weakness of the mind. Four words are chosen in each section because of the limitation of space.

This study stems from the conviction that art cannot be isolated from society, influencing and affecting, whatever the artists' starting points; because (art) is closely related to the human self, it expresses its tendencies, ambitions, questions, and arguments for the existence and with reality, and thus it represents the tendencies of society, its initiative, its questions, and controversy as well. This conviction was the basis upon which we built our study on the subject of (Aesthetic Education and its Positive Effects). It is a theoretical study that seeks to demonstrate the importance of beauty and beauty and their effects on the recipient's personality, thoughts, and behavior.
We tried first to clarify the concept of (education) and (beauty) so that we have a conception of the subject of the study in detail because the term (aesthetic education) is a compound of the convergence of two fields of knowledge: education and beauty. Then we went back to form a definition of aesthetic education stemming from the concepts and descriptions we gave for each of education and beauty. Then we moved to the second part of the title, which is a statement of the positive effects of aesthetic education, so we listed some of these effects and indicated their importance on several levels: psychological, intellectual, behavioral, and cognitive. Then we concluded this study by emphasizing the importance of writing in aesthetic education as a rich and influential topic.

The grammatical structures of the linguistic structure are based on the law that controls it, but whan the author of the text wants to deviate from this law, the ants have resortedto a plurality of meaning associated with that exit especially since this level adds multiple connotations to the poetic text , a structure that pulls each other together in concert . language arts employed to create the overall structure of the text and poetic subject.

The grammatical structures of the linguistic structure are based on the law that controls it, but whan the author of the text wants to deviate from this law, the ants have resortedto a plurality of meaning associated with that exit especially since this level adds multiple connotations to the poetic text , a structure that pulls each other together in concert . language arts employed to create the overall structure of the text and poetic subject.

The current research aims to identify the effect 4E×2 of a model in the development of engineering thinking for second –grade students in mathematics. the researcher put two null hypotheses . and used the experimental design with to groups . the first experimental and the other controlling . and the sample size of the research was 71 students from the second grade students . an average of 37 students for the experimental group and 34 students for the control group .where the research was equivalent between the two group in the variables (chronological age .intelligence .parents. achievement .mathematics score(33) for the previous year . general average . geometric thinking test (the researcher applied the pre(83.0) and post test for geometric thinking and after processing the data statistically using the t-test for two independent samples 4E×2 on the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method .

Normally, when people want to exchange thoughts, ideas, beliefs, or even for the sake of talk only , they normally use conversations to fulfil their needs. This research tries to find out whether the system of turn taking apply to Prophetic Hadiths or not. Through the system of analysis, two models will be used; Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson’s (1974) turn- taking strategies and; Sinclair and Coulthard’s (1975) rank scale model. These two models will be applied on 30 bilateral Prophetic Hadiths that are collected from Al-Sahihayn, Bukhari and Muslim. Twenty of the Hadiths occurred between the Prophet (PBUH) and males, eight of them with females and two of them with kids. The reason behind collecting hadiths with both genders and with different ages is to specify which moves and exchanges are used more and by which type of gender group