Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

This work presents a new mode in on-line semiautomated determination of
orthophosphate and silicate ions through absorbance measurement for blue
Molybdenum(V)-Silicate-Ascorbic acid at 660nm. The method was used successfully as a
linear calibration graph for orthophosphate ion and silicate was in the range 0.01-2 ng.ml-1
and 0.3-2.5mg.ml-1 successively while 600 pg and 12 ng detected as a limit of detection.
Both ions were determent in tap water using standard addition method and found to be 30
and 9.2 μg.ml-1 for both ions successively.

The present work deals with was carried out sake of improving some physical properties
of this material by means of adding sodium silicates, Sulpher \"from Mishraq \", In
small different percentages , has improved the quality of concrete via the increase of it’s
Compressive and the mortar tensile strength
The study showed that the addition mixture of sodium silicates, Sulpher Causing an
increase in the Compressive and the mortar tensile strength . When Comparison was carried
out with reference concrete mix.
All the above work was carried out at different ambient temperatures of 8, 30 and 50
Cº respectively sake for the of showing the effect of different temperatures on the concrete
Compressive strength
All the results indicated that the concrete Compressive strength and the mortar tensile
strength reached miximum at 8 Cº.
The values of the concrete Compressive strength and the mortar tensile strength refer to
standard specimens (Cubes) at the age of 7 and 28 days .

This research includes restoration tungsten carbide and cobalt metal from their
manufacturing bad apparatuses to use them for the same aim or for another aims . The
mass density for the bad apparatuses was determined by the classical physical methods
and they were milled by using hammering mill to different volumes , then by screening
processes the particles were separated to known volumes reaches to (5-10) micrometers .
The obvious density for these particles were measured and the relation between these
densities and their volumes were plotted , then the cobalt was extracted as (Co3+) by using (HCl) (32%) and non-soluble tungsten carbide as (WC) and (W2C) were separated by
filtering process to lead back to different industrial uses . (Co3+) was precipitated as
cobalt metal by two processes . In the first process hydrogen gas was used for end of this
process a qualitative analysis was mad to detect of (Co2+) by using sodium hydroxide (0.1
N) as a reagent . In the second process a second reduction process had been made to
convert (Co2+) to (Co) metal by using (H2) gas , also a qualitative detection was made for
(Co2+) by using (Na OH) reagent . The weighting percentage of cobalt and tungsten be for
and after the extraction processes were determined by using X-Ray and flame atomic
spectroscopy technicalities .
According to these studies , we suggested the chemical formula for the alloy , also the
production percentage of extracted cobalt and tungsten carbides were determined

The aim of this study is to determine the content of lead in fallen dust particles upon
Al-Sheher and Mukalla cities in Hadramout governerate in Yemen , from december 2003
to april 2004.The fallen dust particles were collected by plastic brush from the houses roof,
at hieght of 2-4 meters approximatlly .The amount of lead is determined using the flame
atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) method.
The results show that the concentration of lead in the fallen dust particles upon Mukalla
city varies among different city district, it was (308.6μg/g ) in Fowa district, where as
(141μg/g ) in Al-ommal district. and the range of concntration of lead for five mounth it
was (239.7μg/g ).
Also the content of lead in the fallen dust particles upon Al-sheher city varies among
different city district, it was (173μg/g ) in AL- seda district, whereas in Al-mahthar
district it was (51) μg/g) , and the range of concntration of lead for five mounth it was
(118μg/g ).
The low overall average content of lead in the fallen dust particlesas compared with
other Araband forgen conutries can be attributed to the geographical location of the
conutries .population and traffic density,and their economical situations and activities.

Adsorption studies for phenol , picric acid and p- Amino phenol removal from
aqueous solutions on bentonite were carried out. Batch kinetic and isotherm studies
were carried out under varying experimental conditions at contact time ,initial phenol
,picric acid and p-Amino phenol concentration, adsorbent dose and pH .The adsorption
data fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms equations in the whole rang of
concentrations studied .The adsorption capacity of compounds was higher (12.22-
27.26 mg.g-1 )with the lower values of the temperature (18-48Cº),higher values of the
initial pH (3,10) and agitation rate(180rpm).The equilibrium in the solution was
observed with in 45 min of opration. The equilibrium isotherm for each compound was
determined to describe the adsorption processes .The results obtained shows the
isotherms were (S3,L3) according to Giles classification .The thermodynamic
parameters at compounds such as ΔG, ΔH, ΔS of adsorption were calculated.

A Flow injection analysis method for determination of ascorbic acid as
Molybdenum blue is described. Orthophosphate ion, Molybdenum and ascorbic acid were
reacted to form molybdenum blue then the absorbance was measured at 660 nm.
The typical analytical working curve obtained under the optimized experimental
conditions were rectilinear form (1 x10-3 _1x 10-4 mM) and the limit of detection was
11.4ng .Measurement of one sample (with out measurement time loading) takes 1minute.
The method setup offers a precise, sensitive, selective and high sample through put
technique for determination of Ascorbic acid in standards sample .It compared well with
conventional standard (1) spectrophotometer method .

In this work, the corrosion behavior of aluminum, lead and zinc was investigated
in 1M HCl solution containing various concentrations (0,03 10-4, 1 10-3, 1.67 10-3,
3.34 10-3M) of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) at various temperatures ranging
(295-325)K, for this purpose, the weight loss measurements and microscope study were
achieved and the corrosion rates of the three metals were determined in (1-2)hour.
According to the results obtained in this investigabion, LAS in 1M HCl acts on (Al, Pb,
Zn) as an inhibitor, corrosion protection get to 90.4% for Al at 325K by using 3.34 10-3
M LAS, and get to 87.5% for Pb at 325K by using 3.34 10-3M LAS, and get to
maximum protection 76.12% for Zn to 308K by using 0.334 10-3M.

Adsorption of eosin dye on attapulgite and AUFP composite was investigated by uvvisible
technique. While the adsorption of eosin dye had no affinity for the attapulgite, but
the AUFP showed significant adsorption from aqueous solution.
The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations were applied to the data and values of
parameter of these isotherm equations were evaluated the adsorption.
The extent of the adsorption found to decrease as the temperature increased, i.e,
exothermic adsorption. The thermodynamic functions ΔHo, ΔGo and ΔSo were calculated and
explained in the mean of the chemical structure of the adsorbate.
Kinetic of adsorption was studied using Lagergren's equation and the adsorption rate
constant Kad was calculated, the kinetic results indicated that the adsorption was pseudo first
order and the rate determining step was demonstrated.
Activation energy was calculated using Arrehenius equation and it was found to be
dependent on the nature of the adsorbents surfaces.

Study of Acetamiprid reaction with peroxide and oxygen have been done in
hypothetical photo vacuumed cell ,by using Quantum methods (Ab-initio
&semiemprical ),that’s included in Hyper Chem 7.52 program. to under standing the
sequence reaction mechanism ,when UV-light radiation used to produced initiated free
radicals, also intermediates ,and transition structures involved during the reactions.
Chemical activity and chemical interaction of reactants and products have been
studied by Surface potential energy calculations .to estimated the high probable active
sites in attachment of free radicals, the energetic properties have been studied ,as total
energy, atomic charge , bond stability bond torsion, electric static field, vibration
spectrum ,and heat formation content.
The probable transition state of first cleavage step have been studied through
calculation of total energy , zero point energy , electric dipole moment constant ,
vibration spectrum , and heat change formation .also activation energy barrier calculation
of forward and back ward reactions are done for cleavage step of pesticide.
Thirty seven of different chemical structure have been suggested and
studied ,that’s represent the most important components of reactions mechanism involved
through sequence reactions. All probable occurrence reactions during degradation of
pesticide into minerals were studied ,which high probably reactions that’s having lowest
activation energy value are testing by comparing with other probable competitive
reactions(another probabilities).total change in heat content of reaction have been
calculated.
From this work they found Hydroxyl radicals produced at 533.84 nm from peroxide to
initiated degradation of acetamiprid. Cleavage reaction step of acetamiprid occurs
through N8—C10 bond with activation energy 51.394 and 128.159 kCal mol-1 for attached
reaction and cleavage reaction respectively. first step are exothermic reaction with -
28.285 kCal mol-1. two chemical moiety are producing from cleavage step ,which are 2-
hydroy-ethyl Cyano amine and 2-Chloro-2-dimethyl amine Pyridil . 9 mole of peroxide
and 12 mole of oxygen are required to convert one mole of acetamipride into
8H2CO3 , 2CO2 , 4HNO3, 2H2O, HCl ,and 2H2 .the total heat content change for
degraded one mole of acetamipride in vacuum equal to -28177.142 kCal mol-1 .

Knowledge of physical properties and phase equilibrium for organic solvents is
necessary for the design and optimization of the equipment. In this paper the excess
molar volume VE of the binary liquid systems of DMSO (Dimethel Sulfoxide)+ Benzene ,
DMSO + o-Xylene , DMSO + 1,4- Dioxane , and DMSO + Tetrahydrofuran, has been
calculated from density measurements at 293.15 , 298.15 , and 303.15 K and at
atmospheric pressure over the entire composition range. The experimental excess
function VE was fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation to evaluate the
adjustable parameters (Ai) and standard deviation (σ ) .

The new ligand 2-[(6-nitro - 2 benzo thiazolyl) azo]-hydroquinon (6-
NO2BTAHQ=LH2) was prepared by coupling reaction between (6-nitro-2-
benzothiazolyldiazonium) chloride with quinol in alkaline alcoholic solution.Six new
chelate complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Tl(III) have been
synthesized. These complexes were prepared after fixing the optimum conditions of pH
and molar concentration by studying Uv-vis. Spectra of the solutions that mixing the
metal ions with the ligand solution in a wide ranges pH = 4.5-9.0 and molar
concentration that obeyed Lambert-Beer's law. The structures of the prepared
complexes have been characterized by using the molar ratio method for the metal:
ligand, which is (1:2), the ligand and its complexes were investgatal by using element
analysis, molar conductance measurement, stability constant (β ), Uv-vis., infrared
spectra and mass spectrum of the ligand. Atomic absorption, flame emission
spectrophotometer was used to determined the precents of metal ions in the prepared
complexes.

This work included the Synthesis and characterization tetra dentate Schiff base
Ligand (Na2L) contaning (N2 and O2) as donor atoms type (N2O2) . This Ligand was
prepared by reaction of 1,2- phenylen diamine with sodium pyruvate under reflex in
methanol and drops of CH3COOH gave the Ligand (Na2L).
The extraction of zinc(II) with above ligand has been studied . The effect of
different parameters such as type of medium and time of equilibration, concentration of
metal ion, type of organic solvent and effect temperature. The function of thermodynamic
(ΔS, ΔG, ΔH) was calculated. The stoichiometry of the extract species was determined
using three methods such as slope analysis, mole retio and Job's methods and found to be
(M:L) (1:1).
The system found to be effective in separating milligram amounts of Zn(II) and in
determining trace amount of Zn(II) spectrometrically.

Dimethyl-2-(11-iso[1,2-b] benzothiazolyl) but-2-ene-4-diate (5) was synthesized from
the reaction of isoindole [1,2-b] benzothiazole (3) with dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (4).
Also the products from the reaction of a phthalaldehyde with appropriate substituted
amines and 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence of dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate (4) was
carried out. A quantum and molecular mechanic theories were applied to prove electrophilic
attack to obtain a substitution product with extended conjugation rather than Diels-Alder
adduct.
The structure of all compounds were identified by physical, chemical and spectroscopic
data.

In this study a series of compounds (3,4,5a,5b,5c,5d) with 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole
were synthesized from p-hydroxy benzaldehyde. The mechanism of this studied was
discussed. The chemical of the compounds were elucidated by their IR and 1H-NMR
spectral date.
OH
N
NH2
OH
N
N
S
SH
H
H
OR
N
N
S
SR
H
H
( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 )
R =
a= CH3-------
b= C2H5------
c= C3H7-------
d= Ph-CH2-------

Sulphanilamide has been condensed with five different aromatic aldehyde by heating
them together (fusion) or with a small quantity of solvent .The condensation products
have been characterized by IR , H’NMR and GC.mass . The spectroscopic data indicate
that the condensation under these condition gives Schiff bases with 1:1
ratio of sulphanilamide : aldehyde . Only salicylaldehyde differ from that where the
condensation take place on poth sides to give sulphanilamide bis salicylaldehyde .
The yield of all product ranging from 71-87%