Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study presents an in-depth examination of the energy levels and decay properties of Gadolinium (Gd) isotopes
with mass numbers (A ¼ 156e160), utilizing the Interacting Boson Model-1 (IBM-1) within a broken SU(3) symmetry
framework. Through this approach, we systematically calculated and analyzed the energy spectra, B(E2) transition
probabilities, quadrupole moments, and potential energy surface (PES) which provided valuable insights into the shape
and collective behavior of nuclei, as well as the decay properties of the selected Gd isotopes. The broken SU(3) sym
metries provide a good description to the isotopes under study. This comprehensive analysis enhances the under
standing of the nuclear structure of mid-mass Gd isotopes, making valuable contributions to nuclear physics models and
their predictive capabilities.

The study tested the nematicidal effects of essential oils from Bubonium graveolens and Launaea arborescens on the
potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiens. The chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed using GC-MS.
To determine the concentration that killed 50% of the nematode population (LC50), five concentrations of the essential
oils were applied to the tested organisms. The effects of essential oils on the hatching of cyst nematode (Globodera
rostochiensis sp.) eggs in vitro demonstrated a wide variety of effects ranging from no impact to mild, moderate, and
strong effects, which increased dramatically with exposure duration and concentration. All the oils examined were
capable of causing Globodera cysts to hatch, although the effects varied depending on the type of oil used, how long it
was exposed to, and its concentration. The percentage of nematode mortalities ranged from 7.14 to 78.56% for B.
graveolens, 7.14e85.71% for L. arborescens, and 64.38e73.31% for the nematode control. This study investigated the
effects of bioactive compounds from B. graveolens and L. arborescens plants on the body and the molecular mechanisms
underlying cyst nematode egg hatching

Thestudy of the luminescence photostability for colloidal nanocrystals is an important task since the understanding of
the corresponding physical processes advances new electronic devices based on semiconductor nanoparticles as well as
other important applications such as biomarkers. In this paper, we provide the first study and comprehensive analysis of
the photostability of the luminescent properties for colloidal CdTe/SiO2 core/shell quantum dots prepared by an
aqueous-based method. The quantum dots were exposed to continuous laser radiation during two time intervals with
prolonged break in between. The photoluminescence intensity of the quantum dots increased over time under
continuous laser irradiation. Also, some processes occurred in the quantum dots in the dark (during the break), leading
to a further increase in the photoluminescence intensity after turning on the laser radiation in the second time interval.
The observed continuous photoluminescence intensity enhancement of the CdTe/SiO2 quantum dots was attributed to
adsorption of water molecules on the surface of the nanocrystals and, as a consequence, to a decrease in the probability
of nonradiative transitions. The positions of the photoluminescence intensity maximum and the colorimetric charac
teristics have been found to be stable against prolonged laser irradiation. This has been explained by the fact that for the
CdTe core capped with a large-bandgap SiO2 shell (with respect to the bandgap of CdTe), photocorrosion, which is often
responsible for the PL blueshift, is a slow process. The results of our work can be used in the development of opto
electronic and nanophotonic devices based on colloidal CdTe/SiO2 nanostructures.

In Indonesia, the treatment with leaves as a traditional medicine is still firmly integrated into the community to
overcome various health problems experienced, one of which is the treatment with Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana).
Ziziphus mauritiana belongs to family of Rhamnaceae, and it is generally considered a potential source of antioxidant and
cholesterol lowering. This study aimed to examine phytochemical characterization, antioxidant potential, and cholesterol
lowering effects of ethyl acetate fraction derived from Ziziphus mauritiana. Extraction was accomplished using ethyl
acetate, and the resultant extract was fractionated through chromatography with a blend of n-hexane and ethyl acetate as
the eluent. Antioxidant assay was conducted using the scavenging radical 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
methods, while cholesterol-lowering activity was assessed with the Lieberman-Burchard method. Additionally, phyto
chemical profiling of potential fractions was determined using LC-MS/MS. The results showed that fraction ethyl acetate
Ziziphus (EAZ) fraction 09 had the highest DPPH radical scavenging with % inhibitions of 30.524 ± 0.095 mg/mL. Based
on LC-MS/MS analysis, fraction EAZ.09 contained five main compounds and EC50 value of cholesterol-lowering activity
was 132.115 mg/mL. In conclusion, fraction EAZ.09 from Z. mauritiana leaves had significant potential based on the
chemical composition, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and cholesterol-lowering effects.

Microhabitats are smaller pockets of ecosystems with unique conditions and they serve as major contributors of species
richness. Mangrove plants offer a diverse array of such microhabitats (rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endosphere etc), and the
inhabitant bacteria benefit the host by providing better salinity tolerance, faster and better nutrient mobilization, pro
tection from phytopathogens and assistance in seed germination. Identification of such beneficial bacteria, their growth
requirements and metabolism, will have direct application in the field of agriculture and ecosystem restoration. Hence in
this study, effort has been made to elucidate the seasonal numerical and compositional profile of pneumatophore bacterial
consortia of Avicennia officinalis, from the mangrove ecosystem of Poovar, South Kerala, India. The physico-chemical
parameters of mangrove water, micronutrient availability within the pneumatophore and the count, morphology and
biochemical characteristics of the endosymbiont bacterial consortia were analyzed simultaneously. Significant variation is
observed across the rainy and the non-rainy seasons, in the water parameters and in the endobacterial CFU count.
Antagonistically, the micronutrient content and the endobacterial composition of the pneumatophore remained stable
across the seasons. The biochemical profile of the endobacterial consortia illustrated the metabolic co-dependence and
complementarity among the host and the symbiotic consortia, which substantiate the need for such a solid core bacterial
consortium within the plant host. Further studies are warranted in this lane to trace the beneficial metabolic pathways of
symbiotic bacterial strains, which could find wide application in the field of agriculture and human health.