Iraqi National Journal Of Chemistry

According to the twelve principals of eco-friendly modern science which names ―Green Chemistry‖ along with their practical environmental metrics which necessary
to be used in order to develop, achieve, and perform the sustainability of the chemical
safety and security, through an application of these practical metrics in both of
academia and industry.
These metrics are includes: e-Factor, Atom Economy, Atom Efficiency, Effective
Mass Yield, Carbon Efficiency, Reaction Mass Efficiency, and Environmental
Quotient. While, there are many issues not addressed by these metrics such as energy
concerns (Process–interior and exterior), life cycle analysis, renewable feedstock
(starting materials), reaction types (safety or stoichiometric vs. catalysts reagents),
and environmental quotient as well.
However, the practical metrics and measurements have been discussed separately.

The depletion of non-renewable energy resources leads us to discover an
alternate eco-friendly fuel. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) considered as
completely new ecofriendly approach, affordable and accessible to waste
water treatment with production of sustainable electrical energy by converting
organic matter into electricity. In this technology we used sewage which
successfully generated a power of 0.4 -2.9 V, which is sufficient to a light
emitting diode(LED) and current 0.6-0.85 mA. COD removal efficiency
achieved in MFC was 88.4%, TDS removal efficiency was55.5% This
technology will be adopted for the future.

Many progressing biological researches have been done in advance
molecular laboratory at college of science Al-Mustansiriyah university.
Therefore many consequences were appeared like contamination area with
ethidium bromide, infectious pathogens and chemical toxic materials so many
practical steps have been done to over takes these consequences such as
replacement the conventional PCR with Real-Time PCR, replacement gel
electrophoresis with automated gel electrophoresis, replacement ethidium
bromide with other safe stains also used PCR stations and biosafety cabinet,
to improve biosafety level in molecular laboratory.

The importance of chemical safety and security program in academic institutions has
been recognized for many years. However, educational institutions in Iraq have been
slower to adopt such this program. In the University of Kufa, as well as other Iraqi
Universities, there are some regulations, laws, and standards of chemical safety and
security exist. Also, an administrative system to fulfillment the requirements of
chemical safety and security in this institution are still lacking. Years ago, the
concerns of chemical safety and security from junior leadership, researchers,
academic staff and postgraduate students are not a high priority. Nowadays, there are
three challenges that facing the University of Kufa, as well as the local community,
chemical waste, chemicals theft and terrorism. These three risks make the safety and
security the main concern. The support and the expertise provided by the CSP define
organization and PNNL define laboratories in this field to this University have helped
to achieve a significant progress in a very short time. The university has been able to
establish an effective administrative structure which is managed by trainees staff and
also writing a good strategy plan for chemical safety and security.

dium bromide is the most commonly utilized dye throughout the Faculty of
Science in Electrophoresis gels for the identification of DNA. These gels will be
agarose-based. Ethidium bromide is a highly toxic and potentially mutagenic
chemical which may be fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. The
waste by-products of the DNA identification process must be managed and disposed
in a manner to protect public health and the environment. Unfortunately there is no an
appropriate way to discard the agarose gel that containing EtBr. Usually EtBr gels are
discarded using the normal trash and aqueous ethidium bromide (EtBr) stock
solutions discharge to a sink drain. Even though EtBr is known as mutagen it is still
being kept in unsecured storage cabinet with unlimited access by any person who can
inters the molecular laboratory in Faculty of Science.

Yeast extract peptone glucose medium (YPG) was the best medium for higher
fungal biomass production and chitosan production. The chitosan was extracted by
using a two-steps biological treatment process: demineralization by lactobacillus
plantarum and deproteinization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chitosan exhibited a
strong antibacterial effect on the gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative since the
inhibition rates were 47 and 50% against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus,
respectively, also the growth inhibition effect by chitosan against fungi was not
strong as in the case of bacteria. So that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, that has
frequently multi drug resistant and contribution to the high morbidity and mortality
of patients, may be used as useful tool in biological treatment for deproteinization and
extraction of chitosan that has a promising applications in the medical field.
Keywords: biosafety, chitosan, pathogenic bacteria

In this work, two groups worked to assessment the biosafety rules
which used through waste management in the university research
laboratories. The first from an internal survey of laboratory staff and the
second a similar survey from an external monitoring authority (INMA).
Together the groups worked to coordinate their assessments and share
their results, which supported their common goal of ensuring safe and
Laboratories subsequently ensuring safe environmental in Baghdad, Iraq.
We described assessment by made survey in five laboratories and
assessed current waste management and dispose of hygienically.