University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

— Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections are a significant public health problem all over the world. Among infectious disease, Hepatitis B virus is of great concern because of their prolonged viraemia and carrier or latent state. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of HBV among blood donors of Thi-Qar province and to evaluate the association of ABO blood type to HBV infections. The anti-HBc and HBs Ag technique was implemented to detect the presence of HBV, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV DNA in blood samples. The tube method used to detect blood group. This study was conducted on 200 serum samples from different age groups. The results showed that 3.5% of positive anti-HBc individuals, gave positive results for HBsAg by ELISA III technique and 5.5% of cases gave positive results for HBV DNA by real-time PCR. The ABO finding showed that the highest percentage of HBV infections were among patients of blood 97 (48.5%), followed by blood group B 68(34%) and blood group A 42(21%), while the lowest percentage was among patients of blood group AB 3(1.5%). The most important points concluded from the current study, that is the low infection percentage of HBV in Thi-Qar province (5.5%). And the ABO blood type may have an important role in HBV infection

In the current study concentrations of some air pollutants included total hydrocarbons (THCs) and particulate matter (PM10) were estimated. Samples were collected monthly from January to December 2020 in five stations in AL- Nasiriya City. Stations 1, 2, 3, and 4 were located at industrial, commercial, and residential areas, respectively, while the fifth station was located in a rural area. The Horiba Mobile Laboratory monitored air pollutants was used in the study for the estimation, it contains a mobile ambient air quality monitoring system. The results showed a variable concentrations of THCs and PM10 among seasons and stations during the study period. The highest value was found in Station 3 for THCs, while the highest concentration for PM10 was in stations 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Moreover, the results showed variable AQI values in all stations of the study for PM10. In general, all concentrations of PM10 were above the WHO and Iraqi standards.

The present study attempt to know the impact of oil waste discharge from Al-Nassiriya oil refinery upon some physical chemical properties and heavy elements (HEs) concentration in the vicinity soil , during the period from January until August 2020 . Some physical and chemical factors were measured also selected HEs ( Co , Ni , Pb and V ) concentration in the soil were measured by using Flam Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ( FAAS ) , in addition to soil texture and total organic carbon content were measured as percentage . The results revealed that the range of the soil parameters were , Temp.(16.3 – 44.3) ◦c , pH (6.0 - 8.7) , electrical conductivity E.C. (119.2-312.10) µs/cm , salinity (0.02 - 1.63) gm/kg , porosity (29 – 58) % , NO3 (7.91 - 97.5) mg /kg , PO4 (5.4 - 24.7) mg/ kg , SO4 (480 - 1739) mg/kg , while soil texture was silty clay at st.1 and st.2 , sandy loam at st.3 and silty loam at st.4 . Total organic carbon (TOC %) content and organic matter (OM%) were ranged from (3.89 - 17.52) % and (2.26 – 10.16) % respectively . HEs content in the soil of study were ranged from Pb (5.9 - 63.7 ) , Co (4.7 - 51.77) , V (36 - 181 ) and Ni (5.57 - 222 ) mg/kg dry weight respectively . It concluded from the study that discharge oil waste from the oil refinery of Al-Nassiriya was affected upon the characteristics of some physicochemical factors and increase the concentration of some HEs in the soil of the study area .

— Poisoning due to mushroom consumption is uncommon, but it causes death by causing acute liver failure (ALF). The ingestion of Amanita phalloides, is one of the ultimate frequent causes of mushroom poisoning globally. This type has three main categories of toxins: amatoxins, phallotoxins, and virotoxins. From these toxins amatoxins and its metabolite α-amanitin, is the main cause of toxicity in population which cause deterioration in synthesis of protein and consequent cell necrosis and inhibition of RNA polymerase II ,so finally cause cell death. Liver is the chief organ involved in toxicity, kidneys and central nervous system also involved. Latent period has been proceeds the poisoning symptoms, which includes gastrointestinal symptoms followed by liver failure symptoms, coma and ultimately death. Management including supportive cares, gastrointestinal decontamination, special medications (Benzyl penicillin, N-acetyl cyctien, cimetidine, silibinin and others) and, finally liver transplantation if clinical condition deteriorated

In this research (PCBM) was used as Electron Transport Material (ETM) and (P3HT) as Hole Transport Material (HTM). where used with the perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) and changed the thickness ETM from (100nm) to (2600). And changed the effective density of states (CB, VB) (from 2.20E12, to=2.20E20 for CH3NH3PbI3) with this variable an efficiency of 9.74% was obtained at 263.15(k). By using SCAPS simulation software.

Since the emergence of human type, epidemic corona virus infections SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks in addition to the present time SARS-CoV2 outbreaks global researchers and medical specialist efforts are continued mining for specific antiviral agent or vaccine against these rapidly spreading lethal infections. Despite the past and nowadays claims here and there for declaring finding of a feasible and safe coronavirus specific antiviral agent or vaccine arguing between specialists are still ongoing however none of these claimed antiviral agent or vaccine are approved by the FDA. Hence, until now no specific antiviral agent or vaccine are authenticated globally to counteract these seriously hazardous coronavirus outbreaks. Within, the last decade and the past few months after the covid-19 pandemic outbreak through the mining of already known antiviral drugs, clinically used drugs for repurposing and Insilco screening of natural and synthetic compounds are ongoing mission to fasten up the process of drug discovery especially after the current COVID-19 outbreak. However, no rational treatment regimen can be established unless a good understanding of the viral pathogenesis mechanism and the critical biomolecules involved have been considered. Hence, under the urgency of new drug discovery, this survey covers some of the molecular targets antiviral drug intervention strategy against this novel coronavirus.

Liquisolid compacts are one of the modern drug formulation techniques used for drug formulation for several objectives including protection against photosensitivity. This study evaluates the photoprotective effect of the liquisolid compact technique on a calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drug, nimodipine, which is considered a photosensitive drug model. Liquisolid compact tablets of nimodipine were prepared from; Avicel PH-102 as a carrier material, (colloidal silicon dioxide, Cab-O-sil, and titanium dioxide as coating materials), croscarmellose sodium (CSS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG), crospovidone (CP) as super disintegrants, and propylene glycol as the liquid vehicle. However, the ratio of carrier to coating materials was kept constant in all formulations at 35:1. This ratio was chosen after testing the ratios 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1 and 35:1. The feasibility of the prepared liquisolid systems was also evaluated for first; the pre-compression and post-compression characteristics. Second, the possible drug-excipients interaction using FT-IR. Third, the photostability of Nimodipine in pure form, conventional tablets, and in the prepared liquisolid tablets through irradiation with a light dose of 0.55 W/m2/h visible light, 50 W/m2/h UVA and 0.27 W/m2/h UVB for 12 h in order to estimate the effect of coating material type on Nimodipine stability especially in the prepared liquisolid formulations. The results showed that all of the prepared liquisolid tablets showed satisfactory properties regarding pre and post-compression properties. Interestingly, the FTIR spectra study ruled out any interaction between nimodipine and excipients in the prepared liquisolid tablets. Besides, all of the prepared liquisolid tablets had shown a superior drug dissolution profile compared to the conventional and direct compressed tablets. Finally, 92.43% of the drug remaining was found in the liquisolid formulation (F7) after 12 h photo-irradiation as compared to 65.48% drug remaining for the pure drug substance and 75.12% for directly compressed tablets indicating that liquisolid technique had significantly inhibited the photo-degradative effect of light in the prepared liquisolid formulations. It can be concluded that the liquisolid compacts technique is a promising approach for the improvement of photostability of this photosensitive Nimodipine with an acceptable stability as well as enhanced dissolution rate

Liquisolid compacts are one of the modern drug formulation techniques used for drug formulation for several objectives including protection against photosensitivity. This study evaluates the photoprotective effect of the liquisolid compact technique on a calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drug, nimodipine, which is considered a photosensitive drug model. Liquisolid compact tablets of nimodipine were prepared from; Avicel PH-102 as a carrier material, (colloidal silicon dioxide, Cab-O-sil, and titanium dioxide as coating materials), croscarmellose sodium (CSS), sodium starch glycolate (SSG), crospovidone (CP) as super disintegrants, and propylene glycol as the liquid vehicle. However, the ratio of carrier to coating materials was kept constant in all formulations at 35:1. This ratio was chosen after testing the ratios 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1 and 35:1. The feasibility of the prepared liquisolid systems was also evaluated for first; the pre-compression and post-compression characteristics. Second, the possible drug-excipients interaction using FT-IR. Third, the photostability of Nimodipine in pure form, conventional tablets, and in the prepared liquisolid tablets through irradiation with a light dose of 0.55 W/m2/h visible light, 50 W/m2/h UVA and 0.27 W/m2/h UVB for 12 h in order to estimate the effect of coating material type on Nimodipine stability especially in the prepared liquisolid formulations. The results showed that all of the prepared liquisolid tablets showed satisfactory properties regarding pre and post-compression properties. Interestingly, the FTIR spectra study ruled out any interaction between nimodipine and excipients in the prepared liquisolid tablets. Besides, all of the prepared liquisolid tablets had shown a superior drug dissolution profile compared to the conventional and direct compressed tablets. Finally, 92.43% of the drug remaining was found in the liquisolid formulation (F7) after 12 h photo-irradiation as compared to 65.48% drug remaining for the pure drug substance and 75.12% for directly compressed tablets indicating that liquisolid technique had significantly inhibited the photo-degradative effect of light in the prepared liquisolid formulations. It can be concluded that the liquisolid compacts technique is a promising approach for the improvement of photostability of this photosensitive Nimodipine with an acceptable stability as well as enhanced dissolution rate

The association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and chronic kidney disease(CKD)in type2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. We examined whether SCH is associated with CKD in type2 diabetic patients in AL-Nasria city. Data from 207 patients who visited Al-Nasria diabetic clinic and Al-Hussain teaching hospital between July 2013-october 2014 were analyzed in cross-section study.
All patients with type2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated for glycaemic control, thyroid function and chronic kidney disease (CKD).CKD estimated by calculation of GFR from serum creatinine levels according to National Kidney Foundation.GFR levels were classified into five stages. CKD was define as eGFR <60 mL/min/1073 m2. The prevalence of SCH was 9.6%(n=20) among patients with type2 diabetes mellitus. The SCH group had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (p=0.009)and CKD (decline in GFR) (p=0.034) than the euthyroid group.
After adjustment for potential risk factors of diabetes mellitus by multivariate logistic regression analysis, SCH remained significantly associated with CKD (odds ratio 2.086 (95% CI1.10-4.307, p=0.047),duration of diabetes(odds ratio 2.89 (95% CI 0.0-1.00 P=0.032),Dyslipidemia (odds ratio 4.849(95% CI 0.0-0.1.20 p=0.009). These results suggest that SCH was independently associated with CKD in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The antioxidant activity of the contents of alkaloid and hexane extracts of lycium barbarum was determined and the percentage of free radical inhibition was calculated using DPPH at concentrations (5,10,25,50,75,100) µg/ml using free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) by adding concentrations Various of extracts to DPPH. The inhibitory activity of DPPH free radicals was determined using six different concentrations (5,10,25,50,75,100) µg /ml of lycium barbarum extracts. The results indicated that the concentration of 100 µg /ml showed stronger radical scavenging activity than the lower concentrations. The results of the percentage of free radical inhibition by calculating the IC50 value of the hexane extract of the lycium barbarum plant showed the strongest with a value of (84.5 mcg/ml) compared with the control agent ascorbic acid (4.29 mcg/ml) followed by the alkaloid extract of the bramble plant (5.74 mcg/ml). The total antioxidant capacity of the test samples was calculated using the standard curve as equivalents of ascorbic acid per gram of extracts, for ascorbic acid (y = 0.04245x + 48.177, R² = 0.3224). The results were for lycium barbarum hexane (y = 0.6118x + 46.425, R² = 0.4849) and alkaloid for bramble (y = 0.6337x + 46.361, R² = 0.5284), respectively.
The analysis of the diagnosis of the active compounds of the lycium barbarum of the hexane and alkaloid extract using the GC-mass spectrometry technique - also the chemical analysis of the plant showed that the active compounds in the extract of the hexane of the bramble were (22) chemical compounds, and the compound Pentacosane occupied the highest percentages of 17.74%, followed by the compound Nonacos With a percentage of 16.09%, the number of compounds diagnosed in the alkaloid extract of the bramble plant was (14) chemical compounds, and the percentage of Bis (2-ethylhexl) isophthalate was recorded as 58.53%, followed by Pentacosane 8.96% and Tricosane 7.49%, respectively, and others, which appeared in different proportions.

This work summarized with Synthesis of schiff's bases 1(a-c) from reaction of parent compound acenaphthoquinon with primary amines . Treating of imines compounds with thioglycolic acid was produced thiazolidinone derivatives 2 (a-c) .The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by using some spectroscopic analysis such as FT.IR , 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral

The plane wave expansion method was implemented in modeling and simulating the band structures of two dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) with square, triangular and honeycomb lattices with circular air holes in dielectric or circular GaAs rods in air. The eigen value equation of TE and TM modes will presented. The Fourier transform of dielectric constant will analyzed and the effects of lattice type will discussed. The eigenvalue equations of TE and TM modes will solved using Matlab environment. Our results show that the first type of PhCs is more flexible than the second type in controlling the band widths and the achieved frequency positions, and the triangular lattice showed the greatest flexibility. On the other hand, this work showed the significant effect of the dielectric constant and the lattice constant on the achieved bandwidth.

Among the many in vitro lithotripsy devices, a holmium-YAG laser lithotripter has been developed to treat urinary tract stones . This research aims to show the effect of the coefficients of the Ho-YAG laser at wavelength 2100 nm on the in vitro fragmentation time and stone composition by checking the stone formation and stabilization of the energy of the pulsed holmium laser while calculating the time required to break the stone . From March 2020 to October 2020, 50 ureteral stone samples were collected from 50 patients (as a result of lithotripsy surgery <10 mm) between the ages of 10-85 years . The patient was treated in the Urology department of Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital by using a Ho-YAG laser radiation wavelength of 2.12 µw, the reaction absorption coefficient 30 cm-1, with a maximum output power of 20 watts, for a laser pulse width of 350 microseconds in an optical fiber with a diameter of 272-550 microns with a power of 0.8 - 1.2 J at 6-8 Hz. The samples obtained are selected groups of stones recovered after lithotripsy. This study showed that the average size of the stones less than 10 mm was 9.5 ± 0.7 mm for the first group of stones of the same composition (calcium oxalate monohydrate), and the mean age of the patients was 31 ± 2.82 years and the time of fragmentation ( 70 ± 1.41) sec, with a pulse energy of 0.8 J with a repetition rate of 6 Hz. The mean age of the patients was 24.5 ± 12.02 years for a mean stone size of 10 ± 1.41 mm with a lithotripsy time (61.5 ± 2.12) s, with a pulse energy of 1.2 J and a repetition rate of 8 Hz. The second group of stones (calcium oxalate dihydrate), the mean age of the patients was 29.5 ± 16.26 years for the mean stone size (7 ± 1.41) mm, and the time to disintegration (57 ± 2.12) seconds, with a pulse energy of 0.8 J and repetition rate of 6 Hz. The mean age of patients was (25 ± 4.24) years for mean stone size (8.5 ± 0.7) mm. Fragmentation time (51 ± 1.41) s with a pulse energy of 1.2 J at a repetition rate of 8 Hz . Group III (uric acid) stones had a mean age of patients (18 ± 2.82) years with a mean stone size of (8.5 ± 0.7) mm and a dissolving time (30 ± 1.41) seconds, with a pulse energy of 0.8 J with a repetition rate of 6 Hz and patients' mean age (32 ± 4.24) years for mean stone size (8 ± 2.82) mm and disintegration time (20.5 ± 2.12) s, with a pulse energy of 1.2 J at a repetition rate of 8 Hz . Group IV stone (struvite) patients had a mean age of (16 ± 11.31) years with mean stone size (10.5 ± 4.94 mm), mean disintegration time (15 ± 1.41) s, with a pulse energy of 0.8 J at a repetition rate of 6 Hz and a mean Patients' age (20 ± 10.6) years for mean stone size (9 ± 1.41) mm and fragmentation time (9 ± 1.41) sec, with a pulse energy of 1.2 J at a repetition rate of 8 Hz . The fifth group of stones (cysteine) for the average age of the patients was (37 ± 0) years for the mean stone size (6.5 ± 0.7) mm and disintegration time (89 ± 1.41) seconds, with pulse energy 0.8 J with a repetition rate of 6 Hz and a mean Patients' age (33 ± 0) years had a mean stone size (7 ± 2.82) mm with a fragmentation time (84 ± 1.41) s, with a 1.2 J pulse energy at an 8 Hz repetition rate. Ho-YAG laser lithotripsy is an excellent treatment method related to the time required for lithotripsy with the type of stones and the different laser settings used

Electron transport characteristics through a single pyrene molecule, which connects with two metallic electrodes, are investigated by using of steady-state theoretical formalism. The transmission probability, I-V characteristics and thermoelectric properties are studied according to the influence of direct coupling between donor and acceptor. The new path between the donor and acceptor provides a direct route for the transfer of electrons between the donor and the acceptor, as well as the transfer of electrons across the molecule. We find the electronic transport properties improve by increasing donor-acceptor coupling factor.

Electron transport characteristics through a single pyrene molecule, which connects with two metallic electrodes, are investigated by using of steady-state theoretical formalism. The transmission probability, I-V characteristics and thermoelectric properties are studied according to the influence of direct coupling between donor and acceptor. The new path between the donor and acceptor provides a direct route for the transfer of electrons between the donor and the acceptor, as well as the transfer of electrons across the molecule. We find the electronic transport properties improve by increasing donor-acceptor coupling factor.

Stratums of ITO/TPD:PMMA/CdS/Alq3/Al were used to make the hybrid nanoparticles light emitting diode (NPs-LED), which were created using the phase segregation method and the spin coating procedure. Light-generating NPs-LED hybrid device is composed of 3 stratums stacked in a certain order on an Indium tin oxide(ITO) substrate made of transparent conducting oxide. The first stratum was (N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-N, N'-bis (phenyl) benzidine) (TPD) polymer, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer. Cadmium Sulphite (CdS) is the second stratum, while Tris (8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3) is the last stratum, which is one of the materials used as electron injector stratums.
Various bias voltages (28, 30, and 32V) were used to examine the electroluminescence (EL) of NPs-LEDs at room temperature, depending on the CIE 1931 color spaces, `light was created at 32V, whereas blue light was generated at 28V. The transmission between sub levels in the energy gap of CdS NPs (surface state). Voltages are controlling the current change, and the knee voltage is 6.6 V, as seen by the current – voltage (I-V) distinctive. EL spectrum demonstrates a broadband emission spanning 300 nm to 700 nm. Finally, it is discovered that the correlated color temperature (CCT) is about (7450 to 11820k).

This research studies boron-containing quantum dot (QD) structures that emit the ultraviolet. Ternary and quaternary lattice-matched structure: BGaN/AlN, BGaN/BAlN, BGaN/AlGaN, BAlGaN/AlGaN, BAlGaN/BAlN, BInGaN/AlN, BInGaN/AlGaN, and BInAlN/BGaN and their TE and TM gain spectra, spontaneous emission, spontaneous polarization, and piezoelectric polarization have been examined in these structures. They have high TE and TM spectra under reducing boron content in the QD or barrier layer. The total polarization decreases for the Al-containing systems, which is preferred. Binary systems emit at 199nm, while the quaternary BInAlN/BGaN can have a peak wavelength near 235nm. Elongating of the wavelength to 290nm is possible with BInGaN/AlGaN with high gain at a few boron contents.