University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

Cancer is a serious problem affecting the health of all human societies. Thus the challenge is how the diagnosis and then who find effective treatment. Proto-oncogenes under abnormal condition turn out to be oncogenes throughout genetic mutation, which is risky and preventing normal cell division and existing. Common mutations of p53 gene controlled on the disability of genes for replication. Advance and new molecular approaches that target the tumor cell or the tumor microenvironment was needed. Many molecular techniques like PCR, gene expressions, FISH & CISH,epigenetic signatures and protein biomarker profiles, which in sequence allows to identifying the combination of biomarkers which may best recognize the presence or risk of cancer or check cancer therapies. Different techniques used to monitor the biomarker is essential to control the disease. Therefore, this study review aimed to clarification the most common methods used to diagnose the cancer related with some biomarkers.

On 31 December 2019, the cases of pneumonia caused by unknown etiology had emerged. These cases were reported in Wuhan city, Hubei Province of China. Chinese authorities identified the causative agent and announced to be a novel coronavirus. The tentative name of disease is COVID-19, abbreviating of coronavirus disease-19. The incubation period of the disease ranges from 2 to 14 days, however, 80% of the patients have mild or asymptomatic illness while 15 % and 5% of the patients had exhibited sever and critical cases respectively. The etiology of COVID-19 was known as SARS-CoV-2 and belongs to betacoranviruse as reported by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) especially Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG). In addition, this virus is currently believed to be within bat-coronaviruses besides it possesses a close relationship with SARS-CoV more than MERS-CoV. Although, the majority of the diagnosed patients had symptoms, there were asymptomatic persons who can spread the SARS-CoV-2. Upon the emergence of worldwide distribution of this virus, the WHO had declared it as a global outbreak and pandemic. Unfortunately, at present time, there are neither vaccine and nor an approved COVID-19 specific drug against SARS-CoV-2. One of the remarkable pathogenesis mechanistic step of this virus is taking possession of the affinity to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This mini-review summarizes the origin and molecular identification of the virus as well as the host immune responses

Abstract- The utilization of plants’ polysaccharide as hydrocolloid materials within the last four decades, had drawn a significant attention due to their therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. Among the Zingiberaceae family of plants, Curcuma longa L. rhizomes polyphenolic product like curcuminoids, flavonoids, turmerones and other polyphenolics had gained extensive investigation efforts and reported intensively. Curcuma longa L. rhizomes polysaccharide type mucilage hasn’t received considerable attention by academic authors and researchers. In this survey, we tried to highlight this type of phytomolecules through exploring the issued research articles focusing on their pharmacological importance. Reference books, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science bibliographic databases and Google scholar scientific search engines besides other open access researches sited on Google were screened for plant polysaccharides significances and uses in addition to their pharmacological activities. Screening was done using six different groups of keywords. All results found by keywords were reviewed and none-relevant articles were excluded by outcome of interests and researcher boundaries of study through a systematic method. It has been stated that, both mucilage and gums types of plants’ polysaccharides had gained great investigation efforts in recent years. Concerning C. longa L. rhizomes; four different polysaccharides had been reported. They were to be isolated, purified and characterized from their polysaccharide mucilage aqueous extract then labelled as Ukonans A, B, C and D. Several biological influences were studied for these polysaccharide compounds and mixtures as well as for their aqueous extracts fractions, including immune busting, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic agent, insulin mimetic hypoglycemic agent, anticancer/chemo-preventive and anti-obesity agent activities. Reviewed articles encouges us to conclude the potentiality of investigation of turmeric polysaccharides as pharmaceutical additive/and or co-therapy for several pathological conditions.

This study was conducted to characterize the virulence of P.aeruginosa isolated from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) in a particular area at the south of Iraq, Al-Nasiryah City. Conventional bacteriological methods were used to isolate and identify P.aeruginosa. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a specific primer that targeting outer membrane Liporpotien L gene (OprL) was used to detect P.aeruginosa. The following virulence genes were screened; ToxA, LasB and LasA. Results indicated that the majority of CSOM was attributed to bacterial infection(83.4%) in comparison with only 2(5.6%) were fungal infections. P.aeruginosa was the most predominant species (36.7%) followed by S.aurues, Proteus Spp. and E.coli. Virulence profile revealed that all strains of P.aeruginosa were harboring at least one virulence gene. ToxA gene was found in most strains (90.1%) followed by LasB gene (81.8%) and LasA gene (63.6%). According to different combination of virulence genes, P.aeruginosa can be categorized into four genotypes with high prevalence (63.6%) of the most virulent genotype (ToxA+ LasA+ Las B+) followed by genotype (ToxA+ LasA- Las B+) (18.6%) while the genotypes (ToxA+ LasA- LasB and ToxA+ LasA- LasB-) were found in lowest percentage (9.1%). Additionally, all strains were able to form a biofilm with varying propensity however, the strong biofilm strains were found in a high percentage (72.7%) in genotype (ToxA+ LasA+ Las B+). Antibiogram analysis revealed that high resistance rate against otototic antibiotics including; Erythromycine, Ciprofloxacin(63%), Gentamycin, Ofloxacin and Ceftriaxone were(47.4%, 47.3% and 42.1% respectively). In conclusions, the P.aeruginosa causing CSOM in Al-Nasiriyah city is highly virulent and have a great ability to form biofilm, which could protect it from most commonly used antibiotics especially those used in Al-Nasiriyah, so it is highly recommended to seek for alternative treatment.

Depression is a common psychiatric condition where 21% of the world population suffers from it. Prunus mahaleb is widely used in folk medicine to treat many diseases, but the antidepressant effect of this plant is not well investigated. The present study aims to evaluate the antidepressant-like activity of the aqueous extract of Prunus mahaleb seed kernels. For assessment of the antidepressant effect of aqueous extract of Prunus mahaleb at 200 and 400mg/kg, two models for depression were used in this study, forced swim test and tail suspension test. Aqueous extract of Prunus mahaleb seed kernels has a significant (p< 0.05) antidepressant-like effect at two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg in mice. Herbal medicine can play a significant role in treating depression; however, further studies are necessary to detect the pure compounds in Prunus mahaleb extract that responsible for the antidepressant activity and to understand their mechanism of action.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the important aromatic plants that is used as an antipyretic in folk medicine. This study aims to evaluate the antipyretic activity of the aqueous extract C. cyminum seeds using the brewer's yeast induced pyrexia method in female rats. Twenty-five adult female rats were divided into five groups (n=5). The first was normal control that only orally received 1 ml of distilled water. Pyrexia was induced in the remaining groups by injection of 30% yeast suspension (10 mg/kg). Two groups of the pyretic animals were set as negative control and positive control groups that were orally treated with 1 ml of distilled water and intraperitoneal injected with Aspirin 100 mg/kg, respectively. The fourth and fifth groups were orally received 200 and 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of C. cyminum seeds, respectively. Rectal temperature was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in the animal groups treated with Aspirin and C. cyminum extract at both doses when it was measured after 1 h. of drug administration.

Antioxidant activity of total glucosides contents of the extract of Lepidium sativum and Lepidium aucheri leaves was determined using free radical scavenging activity 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) by adding different concentrations of glycoside to DPPH. The inhibitory activity determined by using five different concentrations of glycolysis of L. sativum and L. aucheri leaves extracts. The results indicated that 1000 mg/ ml concentration showed radical scavenging activity as strong as than low concentrations. Out of the two species L. aucheri had the greatest abundance of antioxidant compared with L. sativum. The inhibition percentage of L. sativum as found to be 78.211 in 1000 μg/mL, was comparatively lower than of standard ascorbic acid and L. aucheri extract 91.972 and 97.018 μg/mL, respectively. L. aucheri extract has strong activity that reach almost as high as ascorbic acid.
Total antioxidant capacity of the test samples was calculated using the standard line as ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE) per gram of the leaves extract, of ascorbic acid (y = 0.0629x + 48.356, R² = 0.4085). The results of L. sativum and L. aucheri was (y = 0.0436x + 43.48, R² = 0.3493) and (0.0648x + 48.761, R² = 0.3483) respectively. The two species with various concentration showed the strongest antioxidant activity with its significantly smaller IC50 values,the best exhibited a quite recorded in L. aucheri (IC50 =19.12 μg/ mL, followed by L. astivum 149.541 μg/mL. compared with ascorbic acid 26.136 μg/ mL.
The GC analysis indicated that L. sativum had high number of glycoside compounds 36 components compared with L. aucheri 19 components. The major components of L. sativum were found to be: Benzyl nitrile (22.24 %), N,N-Dimethylaminoethanol (17.53%), 2-Hydroxy-1-(1'-pyrrolidiyl)-1-buten-3-one (11.08 %), D-Proline (7.33 %), Butyrolactone (4.97%) and 1-(1'-pyrrolidinyl)-2-propanone (4.14), GC -MS analysis of L. aucheri represented DL-Proline, 5-oxo-, methyl ester (42.26%); 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- (12.64%); 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (9.87%); Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester (2.33%); 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.02%).

The present study was designed to assessment of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and lipid profile of patients with hypertension in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. The sample included 70 patients, who were attending Al- Nasiryiah heart center during the period from February 2019 to June 2019, with 30 healthy as a control group. The results showed a significant increase.(P≤0.05) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertension patients compared with the control group. The level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in patients compared with control group. Also the result indicated a significant increase (P≤0.05) of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL in patients compared with the control, while there was a significant decrease in HDL of patients compared with the control.

The current study showed a high frequency of AA genotype compared to the AC and CC genotypes in patients and control group. In the control group, 71.11% had AA genotype, 22.22% were heterozygote and had AC genotype and 6.67% had CC genotype. However, 53.33% of patients had AA genotype, 40.00% had AC genotype and 6.67% had CC genotype.
Odd ratio increased by 2.40 times in AC compared to AA genotype (wild type) as a reference with a significant difference between patients and control group (OR 2.40, 95% CI 0.66 – 4.51). While, there was no significant differences between CC genotype and AA genotype in patients and control group (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.24 – 7.19).

This experiment was carried out in the field of medicinal plants of the College of Agriculture, Basra University to investigate the efficiency of sweet acacia Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. in the phytoremediation of contaminated soil with crude oil in four concentrations (control , 20000 , 40000 , 60000 mgkg-1), and sprayed with glutathione (0 , 100 mgl-1). Experimental measurements were taken after 9 months of planting in the polluted soil. The results of the experiment showed the plant's tolerance to crude oil. Vegetative growth measurements include plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area, as well as chemical characters such as, total chlorophyll, carbohydrates and enzymes. The combination treatment of 20,000 mgkg-1 crude oil and 100 mg l-1 glutathione recorded the highest increase in plant height (83 cm) as well as the other vegetative growth characters. The plant showed the highest percentage of phytoremediation at the combination of 20,000 mg kg-1 crude oil and glutathione 100 mgl-1 it was (56.1 %).

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the concentrations of Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn), in liver and kidney of Columba livia domestica infected with Raillietina sp. 300 birds of C. livia were collected from local market at Al-Nassiriyah city. The birds were divided in to two groups: first one was infected with Raillietina sp. and second group was healthy group. 129 birds were infected with tapeworms which belong to three genera: Raillietina sp., Cotugina sp., Apronia sp., with infection rates of 52,8%, 27,9% and 19,1% respectively, for the period from April 2019 to February 2020. Heavy element concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The highest Pb concentration in liver was elevated in Summer (0.589 µg/ g) dry weigh. While , the highest kidney Pb concentration was equal in Summer and Spring (0.440 µg/ g) dry weigh. In liver, the highest concentration of Cu was in Summer (0.799 µg/ g) dry weight, however, in kidney, the concentration of Cu was in Spring (0.610 µg/ g) dry weight. In Winter, Zn concentration was elevated in livers and kidneys (1.00 and 1.21 µg/ g, dry weigh respectively) In Raillitiena sp. the highest concentration of Pb was in Summer (0.608 µg/ g) dry weigh, however the highest concentrations of Cu and Zn were in Winter (1.42 and 1.99 µg/ g dry weigh for Cu and Zn, respectively).

The role of Serum Hormones concentration (estrogen and calcitonin) , Interleukins (IL6, IL 33) , Vitamin-D3 and calcium Is a Major Predictor of Osteoporosis in Women and Men, Osteoporosis affects men and women of all races. But women are more than men especially older women over menopause.
Collection (55) blood sample from patients (30 female and 25 male ) those patients suffering from Osteoporosis in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in a province Thi-Qar, Iraq. the period of study from October / 2019 to January /2020. The patients' ages ranged from (22-70 years) , while the control group included (33) included samples ( 20 ) a sample of women and ( 13 ) a sample of men healthy with age (22-70).
3ml of blood samples were collected into plain centrifuge tubes, at room temperature for clotting. Serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000g for 30 min and analyzed, for determination concentration of Estrogen, Calcitonin, Vitamin –D3, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 33 and Calcium .
The results showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in Estrogen, Ca+2 and vit- D3 and significant increase (P≤0.05) in IL-6 and IL-33 in the second group (patients) compared with the first group (control). Also, there was non-significant difference of calcitonin in the second group compared with the first group.

Vagina organ of women is colonized by a variety of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Bacteria and fungi were the main microbial species isolated from vaginal infections. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial community in patients with vaginal infections and test their resistance to locally used antibiotics. 100 vaginal swabs were collected from married and non-pregnant women suffering from vaginitis who attended to Bent El-Huda Children Teaching Hospital at Thi-Qar province, Iraq. The collection period was from March to October 2019. The patients ages ranged between (15-55) years. Swabs were transported to the laboratory, and directly cultured on specific Culture media. All microbial species were identified using Traditional morphological and biochemical identification tests as well as Vitek 2. Microbial resistance was tested against 15 antibiotics. Number of infected women have increased in age 15 to 40 years, and then decreased from 41 years. A total of 84 bacterial isolate (gram positive and negative) and 33 Candida spp. were identified and tested against 15 antibiotics to show their resistance profiles. High diversity and abundance of bacterial species were observed, some of them were resistant to locally used antibiotics. Candida species were also resistant to fluconazole. In concluded, the prevalence of bacterial and yeast pathogens with antibiotics and antifungal resistance poses a health problem among married women. Therefore, Commitment to hygiene and avoid indiscriminate use of antibiotics are very necessary.

Benzene is one of the most toxic chemicals, it is very effective and causes widespread health problems for humans. Workers of stations are directly exposed to inhalation of a large amount of steam that is discharged from the tank into their breathing zone; causing to hematological toxicity. The danger of exposure to benzene lead to a negative and dangerous effect on human health. This study was designed to find out the negative impact of gasoline on the health of workers at gas stations of Nasiriyah city. The current study has included the collection of 90 male samples consisting of (60 samples from gas stations workers, and 30 samples from healthy people, far from any direct source of exposure to benzene as a control group). After that, a complete analysis of the blood image was performed using a whole hematology analyzer (Coulter) and The estimation of Lead (Pb) Concentration in serum by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS) of the workers and control groups.
The results of current study showed According to age group : Workers had higher level of Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (HCT) and higher count of Monocyte (MONO), Red blood cells (RBC) and had lower counts of granulocytes (GRAN) compared to the control group.
According to smoking status Smokers have high levels of Hemoglobin (Hb) , Hematocrit (HCT) and high counts of Monocyte (MONO), Red blood cells (RBC) and Lymphocyte. While Platelet (PLT), Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), White blood cells (WBCs), and granulocytes (GRAN) counts decreased when compared to the control group. The study have not found significant differences with the rest of the blood parameters. The lead concentration also increases in the blood serum of fuel station workers increases with increasing age and increases in smoking workers.

Salmonellosis is a disease condition caused by a large group of bacteria of the genus Salmonella that can affect human being throughout the world. Fresh and processed poultry have been frequently implicated in cases of human salmonellosis. Furthermore, increased consumption of meat and poultry has increased the potential for exposure to Salmonella enterica. Salmonella is one of the leading causes of food-borne diseases. The present study was designed in order to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in chicken meat in Nasiriyah city (Iraq) and detection of some antimicrobial resistance gene.
The period of specimens collection extended from March 2019 to July 2019. One hundred and twenty five (frozen chiken chest meat) collected from the markets of Nasiriyah city. This study showed that out of (125) studied specimens (16) specimens were Salmonella positive (12.8 %). Salmonella were isolated and identified by using bacterial culturing on buffered peptone water, tetrathionate broth, XLD, S.S.Agar, Nuterinte broth and Nutrient agar and confirming tests by API 20E system as well as molecular diagnosis by using and invA genes for Salmonella, all results of these diagnosis methods referred to all isolates belong to Salmonella spp. Salmonella isolates from chicken have been tested for their antibiotic resistance against (10) different antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer Dissemination Method. All chicken Salmonella isolates are sensitive to Gentamycin ,while were (87.5%) isolates are resistances to Ciprofloxacin and Nalidixic acid , (56.25%) isolates are resistances to Cefotaxim , (43.75%) isolates are resistances to Norfloxacin and Amoxicillin- clavulanic acid , (18.75%) isolates are resistances to Cefixim , (6.25%) isolates are resistances to Amikacin and Azithromycin. The percentage of multidrug-resistant (62.5%) of chicken Salmonella isolates had multi drug resistance. The isolates were tested for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes using traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify and antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella The genes: (gyrA, parC, qnrA, qnrS and qnrB). This study found in isolates of chicken Salmonella isolates as follows: gyrA gene expose in 15/16 isolates (93.75%), parC gene expose in 15/16 isolates (93.75%), qnrB gene expose in 1/16 isolates (6.25%).

The present study investigated the level of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and relationship with some physiological parameters of diabetic male rats induced by streptozotocin. Thirty male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in this study, and divided into five groups (6 rats for each group). Group1, considered as the negative group, given standard food and water for a period of 30 days. Group 2, served as the positive control (diabetic control), given streptozotocin 60 mg/kg b.w. as a single dose with standard food and water for 15 days. Group 3, received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) with standard food and water for 15 days, then treated orally with foxiga 1mg/kg every day for a period of 15 days. Group 4, given streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) with standard food and water for 30 days. Group 5, received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) with standard food and water for 30 day, then treated with foxiga1mg/kg administrated orally every day for a period of 15 day. The results indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) of glucose level in groups (2,3,4,5) compared with group (1). There was a significant decrease of glucose level in group (2) compared with group (3). But there was a significant increase of glucose level in group (3) compared with group (4). There was a significant decrease in group (4) compared with group (5). The results indicated .a significant increase (P<0.05) in atrial natriuretic peptide in groups (2,3,4,5) compared with group (1).There was no significant decrease in level of ANP in group (2) compared with group (3). There was significant increase in level of ANP in group (3) compared with group (4). But there was no significant decrease in group (4) compared with group (5). The result indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) in level of ALP in groups (2,3,4,5). There was no significant decrease in group (2) compared with group (3). ALP level significant increase in group (3) compared with group (4). There was no significant decrease in group (4) compared with group (5). The result indicated significant increase (P<0.05) of level ALT and AST in groups (2,3,4,5) compared with group (1). There was significant decrease in group (2) compared with group (3). ALT and AST levels were significant increase in group (3) compared with group (4). There was significant decrease in group (4) compared with group (5). The result indicated a significant increase (P<0.05) in level of ALP in groups (2,3,4,5). There was no significant decrease in group (2) compared with group (234) compared with group (5).

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein which considered to be a biomarker in several active systemic autoimmune diseases such as RA. The study aimed to investigate HMGB1 gene and its product in RA patients in Basra.
Methods: The study included 26 patients and 10 healthy controls aged 21-53 yrs.HMGB1 gene expression was detected using qRT-PCR and the serum levels of HMGB1 and Rheumatoid factors (RF)including (IgG and IgM) of study subjects were estimated by ELISA.
Results: The results showed that the mRNA expression levels of HMGB1was significantly higher in RA patients in compare with healthy control(4.14± 3.89 and 1, respectively). In contrast, the results showed no significant differences (p =0.72) between the mean of HMGB1 serum level in RA patients (3.55 ± 2.90 ng/ml) and healthy controls (3.79 ± 1.30 ng/ml) andHMGB1 expression showed weak positive correlation to its serum levels. The level of IgG and IgM were significantly higher in RA patients in compare with healthy controls with a strong positive correlation. Moreover, there was weakly positive correlation between serum HMGB1 level and the RF-IgG(0.11) and no correlation between serum HMGB1 levels and RF-IgM(0.009) in RA patients.
Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis patients have elevated levels of HMGB1 gene expression but their protein levels were normal due to the course of treatment. Furthermore, the high HMGB1 gene expression level correlates positively with IgG levels.

The inhibitory efficacy of aqueous extract of Artemisia herba-alba and Borago officinalis leaves was evaluated a type of bacterium that posits a cram stain, including the isolated Staphylococcus bride the results showed efficacy against microbial for both extracts The bacteria are under study. Some of the active compounds have been detected in the leaves of Artemisia herba-alba and Borago officinalis These leaves were found to contain (tannins, alkaloids, resins, soaps, phenols, flavonoids and Glycoside). Also, the sensitivity of this isolation was studied for some antibiotics, and most of them were resistant to Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, with a rate of 100%. The results show Synergism efficacy when mixing the antibiotic Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin with each of the aqueous extracts of the blocks Artemisia herba-alba and Borago officinalis on a different bacterium under study.

This study was conducted in Thi-Qar province for the period from October 2019 to February 2020. During this period, 120 women who underwent abortion out of 1452 pregnant women their ages range from 15 to 45 years old, the control group consisted of 40 pregnant women, ranging in age from 18 to 42 years old. The current study showed that the rate of abortion among pregnant women was 8.26% of them 4.96 is a spontaneous abortion and 3.3% is the first abortion. The current study showed, according to age, that the highest incidence of miscarriage were among women under the age of 25, while the lowest incidence were in women who were between 35 to 45 years old. The current study also indicated, according to body mass index, that the highest incidence of abortion were among women who had a fat body structure, while the lowest incidence were among women who had an overweight body. The results also showed that the incidence of abortion for the first time was higher than the incidence of repeated abortion in relation to age, habitation and body mass index. The results also showed that the highest incidence of abortion for both types was in the second month of pregnancy, while the lowest incidence of abortion was in the eighth month for repeated abortion and in the seventh month for abortion for the first time. With regard to the infection of the studied microorganisms, the current study indicated that the percentage of infection with B. abortus bacteria was 6.7%, while infection with the Parvovirus B19 was 5.8%, while the study did not record any infection with the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite.

This study was conducted on the Carabidae family for the period from 1/12/2018 to 11/30/2019 in Maysan Governorate, the research included a diagnostic study of Siagona angustipennis Bates 1892, which it relies upon the classification of species, genera and families of ground beetles on the study of adult insects.
The results showed that the aforementioned species was recorded in Iraq in Maysan province (Qalaat Saleh area) in the months of April, May and June, and the highest population density of adult insects in May was 4 insects / traps, while the insect was not recorded for the remaining months of the year.
The most significant diagnostic character of adult insects: Head elongated, wide, antennae thick, filiform, scape twice the length of the second piece, the mandibles are uneven, left mandible is larger than right mandible, pronotum is wide at the front and narrow at the back, midline is clearly low, two side grooves on the disk Uninterrupted on pronotum, the average length of the insect is 11-17 mm.

Dyes are complex organic compounds, which are used by various industries to colour their products. Natural and synthetic dyes are compounds of great interest since they play an important role in our everyday life. The broad variety of technical and industrial applications, which is used for dyeing or printing of textile, paper, leather and other materials. Some of these dyes are toxic, carcinogenic and can cause skin and eye irritation. Many carcinogenic and allergic synthetic dyes are banned now. Many dyes, though not banned yet, may not be completely safe. Most synthetic dyes are not biodegradable; they accumulate on lands and in river causing ecological problems. Dyes from natural resources such as vegetables, animals and minerals were popular before the invention of synthetic dyes. The efforts have been made to substitute harmful synthetic dyes with natural counterpart. However, natural dyes should be selected with caution – some are neither eco-friendly nor good performer. This review paper provides extensive literature information about dyes, its classification, advantages, disadvantages and toxicity effects

As a due of its electronic and physical properties, the carbon nanotube (CNT) is utilized in the production of accuracy sensors. In this paper, the thickness utilitarian hypothesis Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the B3LYP level, and by utilization of the Gaussian 09 arrangement of projects, were used to explore the adsorptive and detecting ability of Adenine on the unblemished CNT. The detecting capacity of these structures was determined as far as a variation of band hole vitality after cooperation among CNT and Adenine. Due to counts, it was found that the electronic properties of CNT are firmly delicate to the nearness of Adenine. In this way, we accept that GNRs can be utilized in sensor gadgets

— Because of its chemical and physical properties, the graphene nanoribbons(GNR) are utilized in the production of accuracy sensors. In this paper, the thickness utilitarian hypothesis Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the B3LYP level, and by utilization of the Gaussian 09 arrangement of projects, was used to explore the adsorptive and detecting ability of DNA on the unblemished nanoribbon. The detecting capacity of these structures was determined as far as a variation of band hole vitality after cooperation among GNR and DNA. Because of counts, it was discovered for GNR that the electronic properties are firmly delicate to the nearness of the DNA particle. In this way, we accept that GNRs can be utilized in sensor gadgets.

— This work proposes a double quantum dot (QD) structure as an intermediate band for developing solar (SC) performance. The density matrix (DEMs) are written for this system, where coupled with the continuity-current equation and solved numerically to obtain the quantum efficiency (QE). Through this modeling, the momentum matrix elements of QD-QD, QD-wetting layer (WL), and WL-barrier transitions are calculated and the orthogonalized plane wave is assumed for WL-QD. This type of formulation is used for the first time and covers more characteristics than the rate equation modeling by addressing the interaction between all the states. Results are simulated both the excitonic and nonexcitonic (electron-hole( eh)) cases and show the importance of adding the QD layer.
For the eh model, the band-to-band recombination rates are high for least energy difference. The barrier and WL band-to-band recombinations rates are reduced by more than two orders compared to QD rates. The valence band relaxations are of the same order and higher than corresponding conduction band rates. The relaxations between respective states have higher rates than band-to-band rates.
The discrimination between states is increased under the excitonic model due to increasing hole occupation. The recombination rates are reduced with this model while the QD band-to-band recombination rates are increased. In both models, reducing the QD-QD recombinations and increasing all other recombinations increases the QE. The high QD band-to-band rate increases QE. Note that in the excitonic model, smaller rates than in eh model is enough for high QE.

In this study we examined the behavior porous pressure and cracking pressure in well NS 13 as it is the only well which the two cavity logs, second and third are available.
We used interactive petrophysics 3-5 program prepared by Schlumberger company, for calculate pore pressure and cracking pressure by feeding the program with the sonic log readings which are IAS file format, and also the pressure was calculated using the drilling operations for the purpose of comparing and discussing the results to arrive at the best solution to avoid problems that occurred during drilling the previous wells from the loss of drilling fluids, and reservoir flow, and bad cement production lining , and give suggestions, which contribute to solving the problem.

Renewable energies including solar energy offer the best opportunity to decrease greenhouse gases and introduce the necessary solutions to meet demand for energy. Solar ponds are a simple, and cost-effective way to collect and store incident solar radiation. The most widely used type is the salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP), which can provide large capacity, and supply thermal heat for year-round for a wide range of applications. Evaporation has been shown previously to be the major mode of heat loss from the surface of the SGSP. In the present study, the utility of linear regression analysis to create a reasonable model to describe the evaporation level from the surface of an open water body is investigated. The created models considered the climatic factors (the ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation). Evaporation levels were also calculated utilizing equation of Kishore and Joshi (1984). The calculated levels using the two created models and Kishore and Joshi’s equation were compared with the measured evaporation at the local meteorological station for nine months. The results showed that good agreements were achieved, and the suggested statistical models could be used to calculate evaporation from the surface of a SGSP at any time when measurements of the ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation are available. The second model showed that solar radiation could be excluded from the calculation, and the results remained with an acceptable relative error.