Mustansiriyah Journal of Humanities

Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify the factorial structure of the memory control beliefs scale among university students. To achieve this, the Bandura & Elliott, 1995 scale for memory control beliefs was adopted, which consists of (19) items distributed on (6) dimensions. The scale was applied to a sample of university students, numbering (200) male and female students, who were chosen in a stratified random manner and in an equal distribution method. For the scale, the exploratory factor analysis was extracted, which concluded that there are (4) dimensions in which the paragraphs of the scale were gathered.

Abstract: The current research aims to know:1- The level of self-indulgence among university students2- Differences in self-indulgence among university students according to the gender variable (male - female) To achieve this, the self-indulgence scale of (Al-Hamidawi, 2021) was adopted, which consists of (21) paragraphs of the type of declarative paragraphs distributed on three dimensions, as five alternatives for the answer were placed in front of each paragraph, which are (applies to me very much, applies to me, neutral, does not apply Ali, it does not apply to me at all) When correcting, scores (1,2,3,4,5) are taken for the positive paragraphs and (5,4,3,2,1) for the negative paragraphs, and the highest score for the scale is (105) and the lowest score (21). It was applied to a sample of students from the University of Baghdad - College of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn Al-Haytham, whose number reached (200) male and female students. After extracting the psychometric characteristics of the scale, the research concluded that university students have an average level of self-indulgence, and there are no statistically significant differences between males and females in self-indulgence. As a complement to the research, the researcher put some recommendations and proposals.

Summary: The school is a community tool that achieves its educational goals through all behavioral habits that provide students with sound and integrated growth, as well as preparation and adaptation for the future after obtaining success and involvement in government institutions and the economy. In the civilizational scale, so the school must achieve all means of education and an educational philosophy based on foundations with educational entertainmentAdolescent children may seek more freedom, power, and complete liberation later on from the authority of parents and others represented by the school, as it is the broader environment after the family that embraces the person, so we see these children doing actions such as abuse of others, violation of order and law, harshness in dealing with others, or rudeness in their behavior with them They may make mistakes and misbehave on purpose even though they know what is right and are able to act well.Therefore, the increasing manifestations of violence, disagreement and conflict in schools have led to an increase in the interest of educators of all positions in the process of learning and teaching students the concepts of human rights and the attitudes of tolerance in general and the skills of resolving differences and conflicts in constructive and positive ways and means, and the process of resolving each conflict combines values that we find in other concepts. The concept of human rights is a deep respect for human dignity and the legitimacy and ability of every individual. The concept of democracy includes the values of participation and response within a changing global environment. The concept of peace includes the value of acceptance of the other and the satisfaction of non-violent interaction. Conflict resolution is a decision-making process aimed at addressing, managing, settling or resolving the conflict. In ways that reinforce the values of the other three concepts.Contributing to solving this problem will push towards the development of the educational process, because the elimination of violence within the corridors of the school will lead to the dedication of students, teachers, school principals, and officials to improving that process, and it will give room for education and education to flourish, and in the areas of the desired civil society.Creating a school based on non-violence means ultimately creating a person who respects man and his rights. The main goal of education is to achieve growth, integration and prosperity. There is an educational ring at least towards activating and modernizing education and spreading democratic concepts in the educational process, and among these concepts is the establishment of a human relationship. Between the pillars of education, especially between the teacher and the student, in addition to educational counselors in schoolsTo direct students' behavior, understand their levels, and solve their problems with modern educational methods away from the old methods. The problem remains latent in the student, teacher, and principal, being citizens who are still affected by the society in which they live.Therefore, educators see in teaching students the skills of resolving conflicts as an effective method in eliminating all patterns of aggressive behavior that appear on the part of students in their endeavor to resolve the differences and conflicts that they face with the administration of their school, their teachers and their peers inside the school, and with their families and with the people of their community in their public life.And that prevention of violence is better than treatment, and the most important method of prevention is to train students to understand The viewpoints of others, understanding the disastrous consequences of violence, understanding that violence may get out of control, and adopting negotiation to resolve the conflict, hence the idea of research as an attempt to deal with conflicts and educational strategies through which conflicts that occur in school can be dealt with.The current research aims to identify:1- The concept of conflict resolution2- Causes of conflict in schools3- The consequences of the spread of conflict manifestations among schoolchildren4 main principles in teaching and learning the skills of creative and constructive conflict resolution.5- Educational strategies in learning conflict resolution skillsThe current research relied on the descriptive approach based on analysis and interpretation that seeks to determine the current situation of the studied phenomenon and then describe it.The study of any phenomenon or problem requires a description of this phenomenon, and the aim of adopting this type of research is to reach a deeper understanding of the studied phenomenon.

Summary This current research is to identify the psychological capital of university students, which is the future thinking skills of university students, and to find the relationship between them In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the scale of Abu Al-Amati and Ahmed was adoptedwhich is based on the theory of Do not forget Luthans I 2008, which consists of four dimensions, which are self-efficacy, optimism, hope and flexibility. In light of this, 35 items were formulated according to the extent of response, which is to a large degree, to a medium degree, to a small degree. The psychometric properties of the scale that is applied to the research sample have been verified. 200 male and female students, as well as adopting the Abd al-Hussein Future Thinking Scale 2020, which is based on Torrance’s theory. The scale consists of 30 estimated items distributed over six skills of future thinking, that is, five items for each skill according to the extent of response. Ali rarely does not apply to him at all. Likewise, a psychometric license was extracted for the scale, and then the data was collected and analyzed statistically. The current research reached the following results that university students have psychological capital, although there is a discrepancy between the levels of the dimensions that have been referred to. Also, university students possess thinking skills. The future, perhaps the most prominent of which is the skill of future planning, and I imagine the future, as well as I expect the future, and there is also a positive function relationship between the dimensions of RA o Psychological money and future thinking skills and in the light of these results, a number of recommendations and proposals have been developed Introductory Words (Psychological Capital - Future Thinking(.

Abstract:The current research aimed to build a measure of healthy food selection depicted among kindergarten children. To answer this question, the researcher used a sample of (100) male and female kindergarten children (preparatory stage) in Baghdad Governorate / Education Directorates in Rusafa (first, second, and third). (Social cognitive learning), the items of the scale consisted of colored pictures, and the statistical methods represented by the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Spearman-Brown equation, and the paragraph discrimination coefficient equation were used. The scale included (76) colored illustrated items represented by (10) domains, and the time period that The test is (30) minutes, and the researcher concluded that it is possible to measure the choice of healthy foods among kindergarten children, and that kindergarten children do not have the ability to choose healthy foods, and in light of the results of the current research, a number of recommendations and proposals were reached.

AbstractThe current research aims to know:1. Cognitive biases among Islamic secondary students.2. Cognitive biases of high school students affiliated to the Ministry of Education.3. Are there statistically significant differences in cognitive biases between Islamic high school students and high school students affiliated with the Ministry of Education? 2023) in the province of Baghdad, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the cognitive biases scale was adopted by (Vander Gaag et al (2013)) and the researcher translated it into Arabic, and after analyzing the data using the t-test for one sample, and the t-test for two independent samples, it was reached to the following results:1. Islamic high school students have cognitive biases.2. High school students affiliated with the Ministry of Education have cognitive biases.3. Cognitive biases were greater among students studying in Islamic secondary schools.In the light of the research results, the researcher recommended some recommendations and suggested some suggestions.

Abstract1.Positive learning efficiency among university students.2. Psychological peace among university students3.The relationship between positive learning efficiency and psychological peace among university students.4- Differences in the relationship between the efficiency of positive learning and psychological calmness according to the variable of gender (male-female) and specialization (scientific - literary)To achieve these goals, the two researchers built a scale of positive learning efficiency based on the theory (miserandino 1996), and then the psychometric properties of the scale were verified. It was applied to the main research sample of (377) male and female students. The research reached the following results:1- The university students enjoy an average level of positive learning efficiency2- The university students enjoy a medium level of psychological calmness3- There are statistically significant differences between the efficiency of positive learning and psychological peace 4- There are statistically significant differences between the efficiency of positive learning and psychological calmness according to the gender variable and in favor of male. There are no statistically significant differences between the efficiency of positive learning and psychological calmness according to the variable of specialization.

AbstractResearch Abstract: The current research aims to identify:1- Positive attitude among university students.2- Perceived superiority among university students.3- The relationship between positive attitude and perceived excellence among university students.4- Differences in the relationship between positive attitude and perceived superiority according to the variables of gender (male - female) and specialization (scientific - human). The research sample consisted of (376) male and female students from Al-Qadisiyah University (morning study) for the academic year (2022-2023), male and female, and scientific and humanities majors, which were chosen randomly.To achieve the objectives of the research, the positive attitude scale was built based on the theory of Caprara et al. (Caprara et al; 2009) consisting of (30) items distributed on the three dimensions of the scale, namely (self-esteem, life satisfaction, optimism), and the adoption of the perceived superiority scale of (Krug, 1990) and translated it into Arabic, and after analyzing the data statistically, the following results were reached:1- University students have a good positive attitude.2- University students enjoy perceived superiority3- There are statistically significant differences between positive attitude and perceived superiority.4- There are no statistically significant differences between positive attitude and perceived superiority according to the gender variable (males - females) and according to the academic specialization variable (scientific - humanities).In the results of the research, the researchers recommended some recommendations and suggested some proposals.

AbstractThe current study aimed to identify social anxiety disorder among divorced women in Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, and to compare the prevalence rates of this disorder according to the country, using the Social Anxiety Disorder Scale (Connor, et al., 2000) after Arabizing it, finding the psychometric characteristics of validity and stability, and applying it On a sample of divorced women in each of Iraq, Saudi Arabia and the Emirates amounted to (160) divorced women, using the descriptive approach, and the results of the study concluded that the highest prevalence rate (social anxiety) was in Iraq and the lowest rate was in the Emirates, and these percentages are somewhat average compared to previous studies. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in social anxiety. The study recommended that specialists should pay special attention to this segment as a result of the pressures that divorced women suffer from, especially in Iraq.

Abstract: The current research aims to know the Concurrent thinking and the Cognitive Holding Power among university students, as well as to identify the significance of the difference in the relationship according to gender (male-female), as well as the correlation between the two variables, and in order to verify this, the researcher adopted the Concurrent thinking scale prepared by (Abdeen 2017), as the scale consisted of (44) items in its final form, and it adopted the Cognitive Holding Power scale prepared by (Stevevnson) and translated from (Al-Rikabi, 2015), as the scale consisted of (30) items in its final form, and it was confirmed that Their psychometric characteristics, and the two tools were applied to a sample of (150) male and female students who were selected from four colleges at the University of Kufa: (College of Basic Education, College of Education, College of Agriculture, and College of Computing and Mathematics), for the academic year 2022-2023. The results of the research showed the following:1.The research sample of university students have Concurrent thinking.2.The research sample of university students have Cognitive Holding Power.3.There is no difference in the relationship between Concurrent thinking and the Cognitive Holding Power according to the gender variable (male-female)4.The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is a significant correlation between Concurrent thinking and the Cognitive Holding Power among university students.

AbstractCurrent search goal:Constructing a measure of self-ego dialogue among university students.-Identifying the psychometric characteristics of the ego-self-dialogue scale among university students.- Identifying the self-ego dialogue among university students.The research is determined by the students of the College of Education/ Mustansiriyah University for the academic year (2022-2023). Hubert Hermans (1991), conducted a statistical analysis of the items of the scale and extracted its psychometric characteristics, as the validity of the scale was confirmed by methods, including internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis, which resulted in the presence of (3) factors. It reached (0.73), and Cronbach's alpha was (0.84), and the scale in its final form consisted of (30) items distributed over three domains. University students use the self-ego dialogue in planning and organizing to perform tasks, then the research came out with some recommendations and proposals.

Abstract: The current study aims to identify the reflected glory among the female students of the Kindergarten Department, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers built a scale of reflected glory according to the theory of "Cialdini" (Cialdini, 1976), which consisted of (30) verbal items, and the researchers verified the apparent validity of the scale Reflected Glory and the consistency of its paragraphs, and calculate its stability by the re-test method, as the stability coefficient reached (0.819), and by the (Cronbach's Alpha) method, the stability coefficient reached (0.775). The researchers applied the scale to the study sample of (400) female students from the kindergarten department / College of Basic Education - University of Mosul, and the sample was selected by the simple random stratified method, and the research data were processed by statistical means that are compatible with the objectives of the study, and among these methods (the t-test for one sample, the t-test for two independent samples, coefficient Pearson's correlation). The researchers concluded that the kindergarten female students enjoyed reflected glory. In light of the results, the researchers come up with a number of recommendations and proposals.

AbstractThe current research aimed at identifying the relationship between assertive behavior and anxiety about the professional future among the distinguished middle school students, and the extent of the contribution of professional future anxiety in predicting the assertive behavior of the distinguished middle school students. To achieve these goals, a scale (Hassanin, 2021) was adopted to measure assertive behavior, and it consists of (47) items with three answer alternatives (always, sometimes, rarely). 2015) consists of (41) items with three alternatives to answer: (agree, agree to some extent, disagree). After confirming the validity of the research criteria and the psychometric characteristics, they were applied to the research sample of (200) male and female students from the sixth grade of preparatory students in the distinguished schools, by (100) male and (100) female students. assertive behavior, as well as suffering from anxiety about the professional future, and that there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables, there is no difference in the relationship between the two variables according to gender (male and female), And to know the extent of the contribution of professional future anxiety in predicting the assertive behavior of distinguished middle school students. It turns out that there are other variables related to the dependent variable (assertive behavior) that were not covered by the current research. These variables are represented by the student's psychological status, ambition or motivation. There is also a contribution to anxiety about the professional future in assertive behavior, and it should be noted that anxiety works in a double way, as it pushes the individual to success, achievement and self-affirmation, as it is considered a source of reinforcement, and all this follows environmental determinants that interact with the psychological, vital and cognitive side of the individual, as well as learning and previous experiences.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify:1. The envious personality of university students.2. Emotional awareness among university students3. The relationship between envious personality and emotional awareness among university students.4. Differences in the relationship between envious personality and emotional awareness among university students according to the gender variable (male-female).5. Differences in the relationship between envious personality and emotional awareness among university students according to specialization (scientific - human).To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the (Abdul Amir 2021) scale to measure the envious personality, which in its final form consists of (23) items, and the (Raja 2018) scale to measure emotional awareness, which in its final form consists of (30) items. After extracting the psychometric characteristics of the two scales of validity and reliability, the researcher applied the two scales to a sample of (200) male and female students from the College of Education / Al-Mustansiriya University, who were chosen randomly.The results showed that the students have an envious personality compared to the theoretical average, although they have emotional awareness. The results also showed that there is an inverse relationship between the envious personality and emotional awareness, while there were no differences in the relationship according to the variables of gender and specialization. In light of the results, the researcher gave some recommendations and suggestions.

AbstractThe aim of the research is to identify the level of emotional competence among students of the College of Education for Girls، and to find out the differences in the level of emotional competence among students of the College of Education for Girls according to the specialization variable (scientific - human). The research community consisted of students of the College of Education for Girls، preliminary morning studies for the academic year (2022/2023)، while the research sample was chosen in a stratified random manner from the College of Education for Girls and for scientific and human specialization. The sample size was (100) female students، and for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research، two tools are required to measure the main research variable represented by (emotional efficiency). From experts in the field of educational and psychological sciences، and in the light of their opinions، (40) items were retained، and their psychometric characteristics were verified، so that the number of items for the measure of emotional competence in its final form (40) items، and the researcher verified its validity and reliability، and none of its items were deleted.The researchers used a number of statistical methods، including (the t-test for two independent samples and the t-test for one sample، chi-square test، Pearson's correlation coefficient، Cronbach's alpha equation)، and the results showed that there is a direct correlation between emotional efficiency، as well as the sample's enjoyment of a good level of emotional efficiency، And the absence of statistical differences between students of the College of Education for Girls in emotional competence according to the variable (specialization)، and in the light of the results of the research، the two researchers drew a number of conclusions، recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:The current research aims to identify the sense of quality among the students of the Fine Arts Institutes in the city of Baghdad, and the significance of the difference in the sense of quality according to the gender variable (male-female). The researcher adopted the descriptive approach and adopted the Wellness Inventory scale prepared by "Anina Schamoach", which consists of (20) items, the answer to which is (yes) or (no). Its psychometric properties were verified for validity and reliability. It was applied to a sample of (100) male and female students, and the results revealed that the students of the Fine Arts Institutes have a sense of quality, in addition to that, the results indicated that females have a more sense of quality than males.

Abstract: The aim of the current research is to identify the relationship of holistic thinking to the cognitive style (absorptive - receptive) among university students, and what is the relationship between them. From (30) paragraphs, the psychometric characteristics of the research sample (400) male and female students from the university who were chosen randomly were calculated.After collecting the information and processing it statistically, the researcher reached the following results:1. Holistic thinking is inherent in the basic activities of the cognitive processes of the individual, and they represent conscious processes.2. University students, in general, enjoy a cognitive method (absorptive - receptive), whether it is for males or females, or for scientific or human specialization, as it appears that the arithmetic mean of the sample scores is greater than the hypothetical average of the scale, which indicates that the sample students use the processes of Cognitive processes in their learning process and achieving success at the cognitive level.3. There is a positive significant correlation between holistic thinking and the cognitive style (absorptive - receptive) for the research sample and for both sexes (males - females) and specialization (scientific - human). Based on the results of the current research, some recommendations and future proposals were reached.

Abstract: The study aimed to identify the level of multiple intelligences among students of the history departments in the faculties of education. The researcher relied on a theoretical background and previous studies to benefit from them in the research requirements and procedures. The researcher adopted the experimental approach to reach the results of the research، and the research sample consisted of (150) male and female students، who were selected by a stratified random method with a proportional distribution from (3) colleges. The search tool was the list of multiple intelligences of (Walter Mackenzie) consisting of nine sub-lists، and each list includes (10) items، and its measurement direction is positive. It is presented to students and each list tests one type of the nine types of intelligences. And after verifying the validity of the paragraphs of the list of multiple intelligences and the clarity of the paragraphs and the time spent، the list was corrected using statistical methods to process the research data through the statistical bag for social sciences (SPSS)، and in light of it، the researcher concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in favor of the students who applied the research tool to them، and it was found that the students have multiple intelligences, The researcher concluded:- that the students of the history departments in the faculties of education have the ability to have multiple intelligences. The multiple intelligences of the students of the history departments in the faculties of education vary from one intelligence to another. The researcher recommended: -1.Taking into account the levels of multiple intelligences among students upon admission to the colleges of education2. Directing the faculty members to take into account the individual differences between students in multiple intelligences when presenting the study material.3. The different curricula include the capabilities of multiple intelligences، and strategies for developing them among university students. I suggested conducting a study: 1. Multiple intelligences and their relationship to self-efficacy among university students. 2. Emotional intelligence and its relationship to self-regulation among university students. 3- Multiple intelligences among middle school students.

Abstract:The concept of socio-psychological adaptation indicates a relatively permanent state in which the individual is psychologically, socially, personally, and emotionally adapted, whether with himself or with his environment, and in which he feels happy with himself and with others, where he is able to achieve himself and exploit his abilities and capabilities to the maximum extent possible, and this leads On his ability to face the demands of life, thus creating from him an integrated personality together, and a normal behavior, and the social and psychological adjustment of individuals is a process of satisfying their needs, which are raised by their motives in order to achieve their satisfaction with themselves and their sense of satisfaction, and the individual is adaptive if he deals with others with regard to these needs, And he did what fulfills his desires to his satisfaction and the satisfaction of others, the aim of this study is to find out whether the individuals in middle schools have a good social psychological adjustment, or not. The research sample was selected consisting of (300) male and female students divided into (155) males (145) females who are present in middle schools in the city of Baghdad. The results indicated: 1- The middle school students have a good social and psychological adjustment. 2- The male students have a better socio-psychological adjustment than the female students. 3- There is no difference in socio-psychological adjustment between ages (16, 17, 18) years.

Abstract The student relationship has become governed by many variables and social and behavioral influences. Bullying is a serious problem that threatens school security in general, and the school environment is a major cause of the emergence or growth of bullying behaviors. School administration in decision-making and schools with a large number and crowded classes are prepared to have a higher rate of violence due to the presence of others and the influence on the individual, and bullying behavior may increase among people in times of crises and adversities that cause the individual to severe successive frustrations, as the more frustrations and needs increase The individual that stands in the way of achieving the goals of youth in general and adolescents in particular .. Bullying behavior is mentioned in psychological sources, with several terms, including (bullying), (bullying), (bullying), (bullying), (hooliganism) and (peer violence). Dan Olweus of Norway (1978: 1978) defines bullying as deliberate negative actions. By one or more pupils to cause harm to another pupil, it is done repeatedly and all the time, and these negative actions can be with words such as: threatening, scolding, teasing and insults, and it can also be with physical contact such as hitting, pushing and kicking, or even without using words or physical exposure Such as grimacing or inappropriate gestures, with the intent and purpose of isolating him from the group or refusing to comply with his desire. According to Elois, bullying can only be spoken of when there is an imbalance in energy or power (an asymmetric power relationship); That is, in the case of difficulty in self-defense, but when a dispute arises between two students who are almost equal in terms of physical strength and psychological energy, this is not called bullying. From the appearance of signs of distress and objection in the student who is exposed to him, he falls within the circle of bullying There must be four elements in bullying behavior regardless of gender and age, which are (imbalance in power, intent to harm, threat of subsequent aggression, perpetual terror). The distinguishing characteristics of bullying behavior are (the intent of the bullying behavior is intentional, the aim of the bullying behavior is to control another child through physical or verbal aggression, the bully assaults others without an actual reason, but only because the victim is an easy target, the bully is popular among his peers more than aggressive children.

AbstractThe aim of the current research is to identify:1. Acute learning disorder among primary school students.2. Differences in the specific learning disorder according to the variables (sex – age)3.Emotional intelligence among primary school students.4. Differences in emotional intelligence according to the variables (gender – age)5.The relationship between a specific learning disorder and emotional intelligence. The first research tool, which is the Specific Learning Disorder Scale, consisted of (15 items) distributed over three domains, with (5 items) for each domain. The second research tool, which is the emotional intelligence scale, consisted of (24 items) distributed in four domains, with (6 items) for each domain, and after extracting the psychometric characteristics of the two scales, they were applied to primary school students in Baghdad for the academic year 2022-2023.The results, after conducting the statistical operations, showed the following:1.There are statistically significant differences in the specific learning disorder among primary school students in Baghdad.2.There are statistically significant differences in the specific learning disorder according to the gender variable in favor of males.And there are statistically significant differences in the learning disorder identified according to the age variable in favor of the age of (12) years.3. There are no statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence among primary school students in Baghdad.4.There are statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence according to the gender variable in favor of males.There were no statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence according to the age variable.5.There is an inverse correlation between specific learning disorder and emotional intelligence.The current research came out with a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract The current research aimed to identify the negotiation anxiety of educational counselors and to verify this. The researchers built a measure of interfering anxiety , which consisted of (33) items. The psychometric characteristics of the scale were not extracted from validity, stability and discrimination, as all (33) items were valid and fixed , and this was applied to a sample of (200) male and female counselors in secondary schools who were tested in a random stratified manner for the academic year (2022 – 2023), and processing the data, use statistical portfolio for psychological and Educational sciences (SPSS) , The results showed that educational counselors have chaos anxiety.In light the results, the researchers presented a set of recommendations, including:1 – The ministries and directorates of education throughout Iraq should pay more attention to what improves work environments twice Educators, the skills of dialogue and discussion, are more proud they are.2 – School administrations should pay more attention to the work of the counselors and prepare the means for the success of their work and reduce all possible harm affects the lack of fulfillment of their needs.

Abstract The current research aims to identify the effect of the conscious understanding method in reducing grief among orphans by testing the following hypotheses: The first hypothesis: - There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.5) between the mean scores of the orphans of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test on the sadness scale. The second hypothesis: The counseling method (conscious understanding) has no effect in reducing grief among orphans. In order to achieve the goal of the research and its hypotheses، the experimental approach was chosen، and the current research community was identified with orphaned female students in the secondary stage of the schools located in Hilla and affiliated with the General Directorate of Education of Babylon for the academic year (2022-2023)، whose number is (695) students، and the grief scale prepared by the researchers was used according to Worden's theory (Worden 1987) for data collection was applied to the sample of (400) female students، and the data was processed using a number of statistical methods، and the results showed the presence of sadness among the sample، and based on the results، the researchers built a counseling program according to the method of conscious understanding and presented it to A group of arbitrators، and it was applied to the experiment sample، which consisted of (20) female orphan students، at a rate of 12 ten sessions. After completing the application of the program and extracting the results، the study came out with a number of recommendations and proposals

The aim of the current study is to shed light on the importance of guidance in the style of play because play is used to satisfy children\'s arguments, especially since play is a need that needs to be satisfied in itself and allows play venting pressure in order for the individual to maintain psychological balance because it is a way to express repressed emotions through play and through it can also diagnose behavioral disorders and thus develop a strategy for treating the disorder and since play is a psychological need, its methods are related to aspects of growth (Psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional) In other words, the child becomes during play an open book, through which we can find out the causes of behavior disorder in children. From the foregoing, play is a diagnostic and evaluation method to evaluate disordered behavior in children.

AbstractThe current research aimed to identify the excessive use of the Internet among middle school students, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher built a measure of excessive use of the Internet based on the theory of (Kimberly. Young.1998) consisting of (25) items and after verifying the psychometric characteristics of validity, stability and discriminatory power, it became The scale is ready for application. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (200) middle school students in the General Directorate of Wasit Education, Essaouira Education Department. The middle stage has excessive use of the Internet, and the researcher reached a number of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract: The aim of the research is to identify the Intellectual emptiness among the students of Mustansiriyah University, and the differences in the Intellectual emptiness according to gender (male, female). Students of Mustansiriyah University for the academic year 2022/2023 and its validity were verified through apparent validity and constructive validity, which was represented by the paragraph's connection to the total degree of the scale, and its stability was verified by the Cronbach alpha method. the researcher Used the appropriate statistical methods in the current research using the statistical program (spss), and was reaching the following results, the university students do not possess Intellectual emptiness, and there are no differences in Intellectual emptiness according to males and females. In light of the results, a number of recommendations and proposals were reached .

AbstractThe research aims to build a suggested group counseling program suitable for training students at Mustansiriyah University - College of Education - Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance on studying to improve their academic grades. This research sought to identify the answer to the following question: What are the components of the proposed and existing group counseling program? On training on the skill of studying, which may contribute to what has been applied in improving students’ grades at the university.The research community for which this counseling program was built consists of students at Mustansiriyah University - College of Education - Department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance. On the skill of studying, and among these studies is the study of Abu Alia (1993), and the study of Al-Tarawneh (2005). This program consisted of (15) counseling sessions ranging in duration from (60) minutes to (90) minutes. The first session aimed to get to know each other and build a mentoring relationship. The second session aimed at introducing students to the concept of improving grades. The third session, to the penultimate one, aimed at training students. On the skill of studying, organizing time, focusing attention during the lecture, recording notes during the lecture, remembering and forgetting, how to review courses, how to prepare for the exam, and dealing with exam anxiety. Modeling - cooperative education - brainstorming-feedback- emergency management - homework - instructions - silent reading - relaxationThe researcher recommends applying the proposed collective counseling program to all students at -Mustansiriya University and colleges through the psychological and academic counseling centers in these colleges and universities

Abstract The current research consists of a basic concept: self-protection, which is to "move away from embarrassing situations and avoid circumstances that may lead to diminution, disdain, ridicule, and indifference on the part of others." The research aims to identify the self-protection of teachers in the preparatory stage. And differences in self-protection among teachers in the preparatory stage, by gender variables (males, female), and specialization (scientific, human). The researchers followed the descriptive approach. The study was based on a sample of (420) teachers and schools and after the extraction of honesty, consistency and objectivity, the tool was applied to the basic sample of (520) teachers and schools from the middle school in the center of Babil province, Random stratified distribution. The results of the research found that teachers have self-protection in performing their tasks to conform to the school climate. There are no statistically significant differences in self-protection according to sex (male and female). There are statistically significant differences in self-protection according to specialization (scientific - human). The researchers recommended a number of recommendations, including use of the research tool and other studies dealing with the same fields. And seminars to shed light on self-protection and its impact on the educational process. And a number of proposals, including a similar study of the current study on university professors and conduct a study of self-protection in the light of a number of variables, such as: age, moral thinking, decision-making, self-regulation.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify grief among orphans by testing the following hypothesis:There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05)) in the ranks of the research sample members' scores on the grief scale.In order to achieve the goal of the research and its hypothesis, the descriptive approach was chosen, and the current research community was identified with orphaned female students in the secondary stage of the schools located in Hilla and affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Babylon for the academic year (2022-2023), whose number is (695) students, and the sadness scale prepared by the researchers was used according to Worden (1987) theory for data collection was applied to the sample of (400) female students, and the data was processed using a number of statistical methods, and the results showed the presence of sadness among the sample, and based on the results, the study came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract:The current research aims to identify osteoporosis sensitivity among the orphans, and achieve the objectives of the current research, the researchers built a search scale based on the theory of(Downey &Feldman, 1996) which consisted of (20) paragraph that the respondent was asked to answer (It always applies to me, applies to me sometimes , It does not apply to me)and the discriminatory strength of the scale items and the Validity and reliability coefficient were verified by applying the scale to the statistical analysis sample of (200) from the Research Sampl community represented by orphans in shelters taken stratified random method , and the results showed

AbstractThe current research aims to identify:1- Behavior disorder in middle school children.2- Parenting methods of middle school children.3- The relationship between conduct disorder and parental treatment methods among children in the intermediate stage.The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of the children's sample, and the hypothetical mean, in favor of the children's sample, in the behavioral disorder, as well as the result indicates the weakness of the parental treatment methods, as well as the existence of a correlation between the behavioral disorder and the parental treatment methods. The study suggested a number of things, the most important of which are: the need to pay attention to psychological guidance and counseling programs through various media, concerned with behavioral disorders in children in schools, and the need for a psychological and social specialist in schools to study psychological and behavioral problems and their bad effects.The study came out with a number of proposals

Abstract

AbstractThe current study aims to identify the phenomenon of child labor in Iraq and the role of psychological counseling in limiting its spread in Iraq from the point of view of educational counselors. The study is limited to male and female educational counselors for the academic year (2020-2021). The role of psychological counseling in reducing the prevalence of child labor in Iraq from the point of view of educational counselors: It was built in the light of the open- ended questionnaire and the human theory and consists of (18) items. Male and female counsellor، and the measure of the role of psychological counseling in reducing child labor was characterized by the psychometric characteristics of discrimination، honesty and stability، and the researcher used the statistical bag (SPSS) to analyze the data، and the researcher reached a conclusion: Educators are higher than the hypothetical mean. As for any paragraph that is more severe than others، it is represented by paragraph (18)“ supervising the application of child labor laws and the extent of the community ’s commitment to implementing them، especially with regard to child labor in dangerous conditions، child exploitation and work with compliance contracts ”as it represents its weighted weight Its percentage weight، respectively، is (2.19) and (72.89)، while its lowest score was for paragraph (17) "Developing children 's capabilities and capabilities and encouraging them to innovate through the preparation of special programs and measures،" as it represents its weighted weight and its percentile weight، respectively (1.94).، (64.67)، and based on the results، the researcher reached some conclusions، recommendations and suggestions.

Abstract

AbstractThe current reseach aims to identify self-discipline among middle school students and build a counseling program based on the method of Integrative Interaction Approach in developing Self – commitment among female students ,and to discipline by verifying the effectiveness of the method in developing self – discipline by verifying the following hypotheses.1-There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of scores of the experimental group, the integrative interactive interation method, in the pre and post on the self- commitment scale 2-There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of of the experimental and control group student on the self- commitment scale.Prep by using the McGoughean equation.In order to achieve the goal of the research and test its hypotheses, the experimental method was used. The Self – commitment scale was prepared according to the theory (Bandura) consisting of (24) items distributed over three areas, and the extraction of the statistical gharacterisics of the scale and it was found that all the paragraphs are complementary and statistically significant,For the scale (virtual honesty and constructive), the extension program was designed based on the method of integrative mutual interaction of the iandscape were (12) counseling sessions,at the rate of two sessions per week and the session was (45)miunutes.The data was processed using the statistical bag (spss).applied to the adult (20)students of the experimental and control groups by (10) students for each group,the equivalence of the two group was measured according to the variable( intelligence,age,educational attainment of the parents) and the results showed. - There are statistically significant differences the level(0.05)between the mean scores of the experimental group, the pre and post test,on the self- commitment scale.- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group and the man scores of the control group in the counseling program (style of integrative reciprocal interaction) in developing the self- commitment of the students of the experimental group.In the Light of the reseach results recommendations and proposals were identified.

Abstract

AbstractThe current research aims to identify the Disruptive behavior of middle school students, and to achieve this, the two researchers built a scale of chaotic behavior according to the theory of "Bandura", 1994, and the number of paragraphs of the scale (30) paragraphs, and the scale was applied to a sample of (200) students in schools The morning middle school for boys affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Karkh, the first for the year 2002-2023, where they were chosen in the stratified random way, and after processing the data using the statistical bag (SPSS), and the results showed that the students have chaotic behavior, and in light of the results, the researchers presented a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Abstract

AbstractThe current research aims to acknowledge:The stander of the duties of the Educational instructor in school from their point of view the differences in the duties of the Educational instructor in school from their point of view according to the changes of the sex and qualifications in order to accomplish the aim of the of the research the Researcher took the following actions:Choosing a random sample of some Educational instructors whom exists in elementary, middle and junior high schools that belongs to The General Directorate of the second Rusafa of the community amounted to (100) male and female instructors, and a scale for the Educational instructors duties was prepared consisted of (32) paragraphs divided into four areas which are: The social duties, the personal duties, the performative duties, the professional duties, with (8) paragraph for each area, And extract the psychometric characteristics of the scale Such as virtual validity, indicators of constructive validity, and reliability in two ways test, Cronbach's Alpha, and use the following statistical methods: 1- mean, mode, deviation, variance, skewness, kurtosis2-pearson Correlation 3- Cronbach's alpha equation4- One-sample t-test 5 Post-test for two independent samples After emptying the data, the current research reached the most important results, which are: The arithmetic mean was (57.87), and it turned out that there were no differences between the two guides and female guides in tasks as nepotism amounted to (474.1), with respect to In terms of qualification, there are differences between graduates of education and open education, as it reached nepotism (0.982)

Abstract

Abstract:The study sheds light on the victory inscription (RES 3945) of the King of Spa Karib El-Watr (7th century BC), and the wars that he waged against the kingdom of Awsan. Our intention in this study was not to focus on the political and military aspects of the inscription, but rather on its religious contents. What is mentioned in it of the names of the gods, their functions and characteristics, and how was religious mythology employed in serving the political goals of the king? Especially a belief. In addition to the rituals that were imposed on the king to perform before waging wars, And after achieving the victory that was described by the rituals of the victor, especially with regard to raising the status of God and extending the space for his worship.

Abstract

AbstractThe Canaanites are considered the first and oldest peoples to settle in the lands of Palestine, who gave the country their name (the country of Canaan). Therefore, research in the remains of the Canaanite cities reveals a lot about the history and civilization of the Canaanites and their vocabulary, and this is what was shown by the successive archaeological excavations that were conducted in the ruins of these cities since the beginning of the twentieth century In addition, what is mentioned about them in the Old Testament of the Bible, which mentioned many news of these cities in the folds of its books, sheds light on another aspect of them related primarily to the nature of their relationship with Israelis, which was generally characterized by a hostile nature after it was able to These are from penetrating into the country and occupying large areas of it

Abstract

Abstract: The Incense Road is an important trade route that extended from the south of Yemen and took a path in different directions outside its borders, important commercial centers arose along it, which had a major role in reviving economic life, not only in Yemen but also among the Arab tribes whose homes are located on its roads. Through this road, many of the systems and rulings that prevailed in Yemen were transmitted to the commercial centers and various cities that it traversed. The kings of Yemen were able, by-laws and understandings that took place with the sheiks of the tribes and kings, to achieve great success in the movement of incense caravans and large imports.

Abstract

AbstractChristianity is one of the few religions that has the ability to contribute to shaping the lives of its adherents by penetrating its joints, moving it according to its vision and controlling it, and making its beliefs an activity for it at all levels, including the political, whose image appeared clear in confusion. Therefore, this study was conducted that followed the method of presenting information and then analyzing it in order to identify the repercussions that this religion had on the political reality of this country, which took a large part of its ideological spectrum It has controlled negatively and positively its ways of political communication with states and entities existing inside and outside the Arabian Peninsula, and the matter became more strict in this part when it followed the Nestorian doctrine, which was a criterion for it in documenting and reversing its relations, so this ideological pattern returned to it in managing those relations with wars And disputes in many cases with the Persians, Romans, Kindians, Ghassanids, and some Arab tribes and this tendency remained ruling in the conduct of its political affairs until its end was a result of it in the seventh century AD.

Abstract

Abstract :The science of readings received great attention, especially in New cities, including KuFa, Where the role emerged Abdullah bin Masoud, who is the Founder of the school Readers in Kufa and Abdullah Won the praise of the Rashidun calips for his scientific Efforts in the city of Kufa, and it was a Follow – up approach Readers hold Alar sheikh’s Follow up to his disciples Asoo. The students of Abdullah bin Masoud obtained the documentation of the scholars.

Abstract

Abstract:Many cultural factors contributed to the formulation of social history in the three cities of Iraq (Basra, Kufa, and Wasit) in the first century AH. Among the most important of them: the housing factor, as the Arabs mixed with each other on the one hand, and mixed with other people of other religions and cultures; It has prevailed among them (acceptance of the other) in order to achieve common societal coexistence. The factor of marriage and intermarriage had an impact on shaping the new society, as men were marrying non-tribes, as well as marrying women from the local population, which produced close social relations. The work in its various commercial, industrial and agricultural forms - which was characterized by freedom and the appropriate income for its owners - had a great impact on shaping the social and civilized history.

Abstract

Summary: When the state of Andalusia was established in the Iberian peninsula during the Middle Ages, and after all the elements of civilized development and scientific creativity were available in it, the Andalusian city of Cordoba became an Islamic capital for the gathering of scholars, researchers, thinkers, and jurists, as well as the issuance of scientific and literary literature, all of which was the result of a civilizational exchange with the Mediterranean countries. In the matter of creativity, development, construction, renewal, and intellectual cross-pollination, this was evident through the urban development of mosques, palaces, forts, and towers, the establishment of gardens and parks, the interest in music and the holding of public celebrations and religious holidays.

Abstract

Abstract this research studied one of the most important religious movements that the Christian world witnessed, represented by monasticism، which emerged as a result of many factors, most notably: the exposure of the early Christians to persecution during the era of the roman empire، the spread of corruption in roman society and its transmission to the church، not to mention the miserable economic conditions suffered by the poor, the monasticism arose in the countries of the east and escaped from it to the European west, and it passed through many stages, most notably the monastery stage، and England are one of the first western European countries to enter monasticism، and large numbers of monasteries were built in it، and with the passage of time, the English monastic institution became the richest religious institution after the church، until it became comparable to the English monarchy.Keywords: (Christianity, Monastic، Monasteries، St. Benedicts، England).

Abstract

Abstract:A feminist and a political activist from a young age, Wissa participated in the 1919. Demonstrations against the British Occupation.She joind Hoda Shaarawi's committee at Alwafd party and became famous for her political views. She wrote several newspaper articles addressed to Lord Allenby, British High Commissioner to Egypt and the Sudan, to release Saad Zaghloul and other political.Detainees from prison. In 1924, she founded a society called. "Working for Egypt" and headed it until 1962. Wissa was awarded the Order of Virtue in 1969. She's deided in 1990.

AbstractThe function of this research is to explore the life script and the confused ego variables and their relationship to each other in educational counselors. The results show appearance of the life script and the confused ego variables in the sample and the existence of a relationship and correlation between them .. Finally the research concludes with a conclusion and a number of suggestions and recommendations.Keywords: Life script, Confused Ego, Child Ego, Adult Ego, Father Ego

Abstract. The current study aims to analyze the structural structure of the sport mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ). Translate and apply the current questionnaire to 149 professional players representing seven clubs in the Iraqi League for the year 2022-2023. The results of the factor analysis showed that there are four factors, namely ability, commitment, confidence, and strength, which explained 57.049% of the variance.

AbstractThe current research aimed to identify: 1- To identify self-concealment among adolescents. 2- Significance of differences in self-concealment according to the gender variable. The current study is determined by middle school students for boys and girls for the morning study in the Directorate of Education of Al-Qadisiyah (Al-Markaz-Rural) for the academic year (2022-2023), and among the requirements of the study to conduct the research, the researcher adopted the Larson, & Chastain, R.L. 1990 scale), which consists of (10) Paragraphs to measure the variable of self-concealment among adolescents, and the validity of the scale was verified by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators, and the stability of the scale was verified in two ways: test and re-test, and the Alpha Cro-Nabach method, and after verifying the accuracy of the psychometric properties of the research scale The scale was applied to the basic research sample of (400) male and female adolescents who were chosen randomly, then the data was analyzed using the statistical bag for human sciences spss, and the conclusion reached by the research is: the sample does not have self-concealment nt, and the researcher has developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract:This current research is to identify the irrational thoughts of divorced women. The aim of the research is based on a sample of the drawing scale on the graph, a message, a message, a message, a message, and a pen distributed over six sections (Karkh - Rusafa) for the year 2022-2023 and the following results showed The research community of divorced women has irrational ideas

AbstractThe research deals with the concept of political psychology, which is defined as a dynamic sub-field that deals with the ways in which political institutions influence and are affected by human behavior. In an attempt to explore the boundaries that extend between the intellectual concepts in political science and psychology and the concept of Psychological health, which is defined as the state and level of the individual's social effectiveness and what leads to the satisfaction of the individual's needs. Political psychology on Psychological health. It is defined in a sample of literature and psychological studies related to the research variables that were obtained in the current research, dealing with the psychological theoretical frameworks that explain both research variables. The researcher came out with conclusions based on what was dealt with in the current research.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify voyeurism disorder among university students and its prevalence rate among them, and to identify the significance of statistical differences according to the gender variable (male - female) for the diagnosed sample. and mental illness (Dsm-5, 2013), and the number of items on the scale was (15) items, and after verifying its psychometric characteristics of validity, stability and discrimination, it was applied to a sample of (400) male and female students from Al-Mustansiriya University, which was chosen randomly For the academic year 2022-2023, the results were as follows:1- The prevalence of voyeurism disorder was (14.2%).2- There are statistically significant differences in voyeurism disorder according to sex in favor of males.

Abstract The current research aims at exploring: to identify the psychological immunity of orphan female students and to achieve the objectives of the research currently, the two researchers built of psychological immunity scale based on the theory of Olah (Olah,1996), and the number of items on the scale amounted to (35) items, and the scale was applied to sample of (200) orphan female students, The schools affiliated to the Second Karkh District, which were selected by simple random method for the year 2022/23, and the results showed what to :

Abstract The current research Aimed identify:1Functional Limitation in the elderly2. loneliness in the elderly3. The statistically significant relationship between performance restriction and psychological loneliness. As the research sample consisted of (150) retired elderly individuals who were randomly selected from the Public Retirement Department. consisting of (20) paragraphs based on the theory of Verburg and Jett 1994 after extracting the psychometric characteristics of the scale From validity and reliability, the loneliness scale consisting of (20) items was prepared, based on Maslow’s theory of needs, as the psychometric characteristics of the scale were extracted from the indicators of constructive validity and reliability using Cronbach’s alpha method (0, 75), and upon statistical analysis using the t-test for a sample and a community And the Pearson correlation coefficient showed the results of the search to .1- The research sample suffers from restricted performance2- The elderly suffer from psychological loneliness3- There is a relationship between performance restriction and psychological lonelinessThrough the results of the research, the researcher reached a number of recommendations and proposals

AbstractThe current research aims to know:1.The borderline personality of university students.2. Childhood experiences of university students.3. The significance of the correlation between borderline personality and childhood experiences among university students.The scales of borderline personality disorder and childhood experiences were applied to a sample of (400) male and female students from Mustansiriyah University. After statistical analysis, it appeared that university students do not suffer from borderline personality disorder, as the t-test value is (-5.32), which is smaller than the tabular t-value. However, the results showed that most of the students had had traumatic experiences in childhood. There is also a relationship between borderline personality disorder and childhood experiences. Based on this result, the researcher came up with a set of recommendations and proposals.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the method (Reality therapy method) in developing psychological fitness among health personnel by verifying the following zero hypotheses:The first hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group (Reality therapy method) before and after the program on the psychological fitness scale.The second hypothesis: There is no effectiveness of the Reality therapy method) counseling method in developing the mental fitness of health personnelTo achieve the aim of the research, the experimental method was chosen, and the research community, consisting of health cadres distributed among six health centers in the Nahrawan sector, was selected, namely (Al-Ihsan, Sheikh Hatif, the Oil Complex, Al-Ruwad, 9 Nissan, Bismaya), and the study sample consisted of (20) female employees in the health center Among them (10) in the experimental group and (10) female officers who obtained low scores in mental fitness, after applying the psychological fitness scale prepared by the two researchers 2022 On a sample of (210) female employees in health centers, the Reality therapy method counseling program was applied, which consisted of (12) counseling sessions on the experimental group, and then the mental fitness scale was applied again (post-measurement) on the experimental and control groups, and the results showed The research is the effectiveness of the counseling program (Reality therapy method) in developing the mental fitness of health personnel.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the method (cognitive behavioral therapy) in developing psychological fitness among health personnel by verifying the following zero hypotheses:The first hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group (cognitive behavioral style) before and after the program on the psychological fitness scale.The second hypothesis: There is no effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral therapy counseling method in developing the mental fitness of health personnelTo achieve the aim of the research, the experimental method was chosen, and the research community, consisting of health cadres distributed among six health centers in the Nahrawan sector, was selected, namely (Al-Ihsan, Sheikh Hatif, the Oil Complex, Al-Ruwad, 9 Nissan, Bismaya), and the study sample consisted of (20) female employees in the health center Among them (10) in the experimental group and (10) female officers who obtained low scores in mental fitness, after applying the psychological fitness scale prepared by the two researchers 2022 On a sample of (210) female employees in health centers, the cognitive behavioral therapy counseling program was applied, which consisted of (12) counseling sessions on the experimental group, and then the mental fitness scale was applied again (post-measurement) on the experimental and control groups, and the results showed The research is the effectiveness of the counseling program (cognitive behavioral therapy) in developing the mental fitness of health personnel.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify self-discipline among middle school students and build a counseling program based on the Self – regulation method in developing Self – commitment among female students ,and to discipline by verifying the effectiveness of the method in developing self – discipline by verifying the following hypotheses.1-There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of scores of the experimental group, the Self- regulatory method, in the pre and post on the self- commitment scale 2-There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental and control group student on the self- commitment scale.Prep by using the MacGoughean equation.In order to achieve the goal of the research and test its hypotheses, the experimental method was used. The Self – commitment scale was prepared according to the theory (Bandura) consisting of (24) items distributed over three areas, and the extraction of the statistical characteristics of the scale and it was found that all the paragraphs are complementary and statistically significant, as wall as the psychometric characteristics of the scale ( apparent validity and validity) were extractedFor the scale (virtual honesty and constructive), the extension program was designed based on the method of integrative mutual interaction of the landscape were (12) counseling sessions, at the rate of two sessions per week and the session was (45)miunutes.The data was processed using the statistical bag (spss).applied to the adult (20)students of the experimental and control groups by (10) students for each group ,the Equivalence was conducted ,age educational , attainment of the parents) and the results showed. - The research sample has a moderate degree of self- commitment, as the calculated T – value was (1.82) , which is less then tabular value of (1.98) - There are statistically significant differences the level(0.05)between the mean scores of the experimental group, the pre and post test,on the self- commitment scale.- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group and the man scores of the control group in the dimension Self – commitmentIn the Light of the research results recommendations and proposals were identified.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the acceptance-commitment method in developing the psychological flow of university students by verifying the following zero hypotheses: The first hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group (acceptance-commitment style) before and after the program on the psychological flow scale.The second hypothesis: There is no effectiveness of the self-acceptance-commitment method in developing the psychological flow of university students.To achieve the goal of the research, the experimental method was chosen, and the research community consisting of students from Al-Mustansiriya University was determined. The study sample consisted of (20) students from the College of Education, of whom (10) were in the experimental group and (10) female officers who obtained low scores in psychological flow, after applying The psychological flow scale was applied to a sample of (200) students. The counseling program (acceptance-commitment method), which consisted of (12) counseling sessions, was applied to the experimental group. Then, the psychological flow scale was applied again to the post-measurement on the experimental and control groups, and the results showed The research is the effectiveness of the program (acceptance-commitment method) in developing the psychological flow of university students.

AbstractThe current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the self-talk style in developing the psychological flow of university students by verifying the following zero hypotheses: The first hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group (self-talk style) before and after the program on the psychological flow scale.The second hypothesis: There is no effectiveness (self-talk style) in developing the psychological flow of university students.To achieve the goal of the research, the experimental method was chosen, and the research community consisting of students from Al-Mustansiriya University was determined. The study sample consisted of (20) students from the College of Education, of whom (10) were in the experimental group and (10) female officers who obtained low scores in psychological flow, after applying The psychological flow scale was applied to a sample of (100) students, and the counseling program (self-talk style) was applied, which consisted of (12) counseling sessions on the experimental group. Then, the psychological flow scale was applied again, the post-measurement, on the experimental and control groups, and the results showed The research is the effectiveness of the program (self-talk style) in developing the psychological flow of university students.

Abstract

Abstract Safavid interest in the holy places in Iraq dates back to the beginning of the sixteenth century AD. This was after Shah Ismail I established the Safavid state in 1501 AD. And he adopted the twelve (Jaafari) sect as the official doctrine of his nascent state, and there is no doubt that the Shah fully understood from the beginning the extent of the religious influence on his followers and its reflection on the strength of his nascent state, so Iraq was of special importance to him and his followers, especially since his state was built on a sectarian basis So it was necessary to annex Iraq, whose territory includes the shrines of a number of the twelve imams from the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, where the shrine of Imam Ali - peace be upon him - is in the most honorable Najaf, the shrines of Imam Hussein and his brother Abbas, peace be upon them both, in the holy Karbala, and the shrines of the two imams Musa Al-Kadhim and Muhammad Al-Jawad, upon them both. Peace be in Baghdad, and in Samarra, there is the shrine of the two imams, Ali al-Hadi and al-Hasan al-Askari, peace be upon them both. And after Shah Ismail I, the Safavid, was able to annex Iraq in 1508, he hastened to rebuild the holy shrines and urged his followers to do everything in their power to protect and develop them. Rather, they gave generously to her, to her custodianship, and to her neighbors, and all their rulers followed their approach to take care of those holy cities in Iraq. Rather, their ministers, their statesmen, and their women from the princesses of the Safavid house, until the sacred shrines appeared, masterpieces of art unparalleled in their era, and most of the planning for the ages of those thresholds And its expansions are mainly due to what the Safavids began to rebuild it, as they were the first to go to it and put domes on it, cover the shrines, build doors and corridors, and put gilded boxes on their sacred shrines .

Abstract

Abstract The first Russian aggression on the lands of the Ottoman Empire dates back to 1556, when Russia occupied the Ottoman city of Astrakhan, to gain access to warm waters to deliver its goods through the Ottoman straits to the Mediterranean. Then Russia occupied the lands of Crimea and Moldova in 1671. Then Russia occupied the Azov Castle in 1696. The Ottoman Empire was forced to sign the Istanbul Armistice in 1700, which recognized Russia's occupation of its lands. Then Russia launched an aggression a7gainst Russia in 1768, which lasted until 174, with the conclusion of the Kochr Kinarji treaty, according to which Russia acquired lands between the Dnieper and Buk rivers and Kinburn Castle on the Black Sea. And Russia became entitled to transfer its trade in the Black Sea and the Ottoman Straits without paying its ships passage fees.Azov fortress, Crimea, Ottoman gorges, Serbia: Keywords

Abstract

Abstract.The arrival of the Bolsheviks to power has led to an increase in the forces opposing them, whether socialist forces, bourgeois forces, or supporters of the former Tsarist army, and all of this led to the outbreak of the Russian civil war since the first day that the Bolsheviks seized power, that is, on October 25, 1917. At the time At the same time, each of the central countries, especially Germany, and the allied countries, especially Britain, France, the United States, and Japan, as well as obtaining the help of the Czech Legion inside the Russian territories, decided to intervene in the Russian internal conflict. Soon, all foreign parties entered Russia and participated directly in the civil war between the warring forces that were divided into two parts, the Bolsheviks on the one hand, and the socialist forces and the white right-wing forces, who obtained the help of the Allied countries who wanted to overthrow the Bolshevik regime on the other hand. During the outbreak of the civil war, the generals of the tsarist army managed to form an army known as the White Army, which was founded in February 1918 and was composed of a small group of officers, military students, university students, and even high school students, and its armament and equipment were meager. And soon his strength increased as a result of the help of the Allied forces, especially Britain, France and the United States.

Abstract

Abstract The study analyzed what was published by the Iraqi newspaper Al-Istiqlal. Certain incidents were dealt with and not others, in order not to repeat them. The study dealt with the events that Iraq went through and affected it, such as the form of the system of government and the prevailing economic and social conditions. and the role of the national resistance to promote popular forces, The study analyzed the political reality of some European countries and the conflicts resulting from the imposition of their conditions by the victors, and the ability of the resistance peoples to benefit from global changes in light of the spread of the revolutionary Bolshevik thought, which believed in military force as an ideal tool, and how Bolshevism considered the material and moral aspect of the capabilities of peoples the vital field to achieve higher goals that were calling for with it, believing on one side of the fact that it is correct.

Abstract

AbstractThe study shows the most important problems that women faced in Iran and their attempts to confront them and get rid of them and impose their will in the social, cultural, and political fields. The Pahlavi rule (1941-1979) in order to obtain her rights and strengthen her position in society, and she was able to achieve some success in the social and political field, but at the same time she continued to suffer from the idea of patriarchal domination that still haunts Iranian women until our time.

Abstract

Abstract International relations, and the consequent changes, are an important and sometimes decisive factor in the course of events that took place in the Asian countries in the second half of the twentieth century, especially in the countries of the Asian continent, including Pakistan and Afghanistan. The relations between the two countries, throughout its contemporary history and since the independence of Pakistan from the Indian subcontinent on August 15, 1947, were characterized by many disputes and border problems. The first reason for which was the border line (Durand). The problem of the Pashtun tribes distributed between Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran is a cause of conflicts and constant tensions in foreign and diplomatic relations, especially after Kabul demanded, with the encouragement of the Soviet Union, the independence of the Pashtun region and the formation of a state of their own that includes the Pashtuns present on the Pakistani and Afghan side. This led to a state of the constant hostility between them that helped the international parties and the two major poles, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, in deepening and encouraging this tension and increasing the size and depth of the gap in the international relations of the two countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan. By the developments in the political arena and the occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviet forces on December 27, 1979, Pakistan had found a strong ally from the United States of America in light of the Soviet threat to the region as a whole, which aroused suspicion and apprehension for the latter, especially after the United States of America established military bases in Islamabad considered it a real threat to their national security and political interests in the warm waters region. Anyhow, there were continuous diplomatic signs to reach peace in the Pakistani-Afghan relations throughout the period of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan by holding informal sessions at times and formal at others, under the auspices of the United Nations. Throughout these sessions, we sought through research that the air raids and shelling continued between both parties through what was indicated by the official documents and newspapers that were issued on a daily basis documenting the events, the victims, and the bombing areas, until the withdrawal actually took place after the agreement of the four parties, the United States of America, the Soviet Union and Pakistan and Afghanistan. Certainly, the interest of the major countries in this withdrawal was present and certain, so the withdrawal began completely and gradually on May 15, 1988, and ended completely on February 15, 1989, so that all Soviet forces actually left.Abstract International relations, and the consequent changes, are an important and sometimes decisive factor in the course of events that took place in the Asian countries in the second half of the twentieth century, especially in the countries of the Asian continent, including Pakistan and Afghanistan. The relations between the two countries, throughout its contemporary history and since the independence of Pakistan from the Indian subcontinent on August 15, 1947, were characterized by many disputes and border problems. The first reason for which was the border line (Durand). The problem of the Pashtun tribes distributed between Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran is a cause of conflicts and constant tensions in foreign and diplomatic relations, especially after Kabul demanded, with the encouragement of the Soviet Union, the independence of the Pashtun region and the formation of a state of their own that includes the Pashtuns present on the Pakistani and Afghan side. This led to a state of the constant hostility between them that helped the international parties and the two major poles, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, in deepening and encouraging this tension and increasing the size and depth of the gap in the international relations of the two countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan. By the developments in the political arena and the occupation of Afghanistan by the Soviet forces on December 27, 1979, Pakistan had found a strong ally from the United States of America in light of the Soviet threat to the region as a whole, which aroused suspicion and apprehension for the latter, especially after the United States of America established military bases in Islamabad considered it a real threat to their national security and political interests in the warm waters region. Anyhow, there were continuous diplomatic signs to reach peace in the Pakistani-Afghan relations throughout the period of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan by holding informal sessions at times and formal at others, under the auspices of the United Nations. Throughout these sessions, we sought through research that the air raids and shelling continued between both parties through what was indicated by the official documents and newspapers that were issued on a daily basis documenting the events, the victims, and the bombing areas, until the withdrawal actually took place after the agreement of the four parties, the United States of America, the Soviet Union and Pakistan and Afghanistan. Certainly, the interest of the major countries in this withdrawal was present and certain, so the withdrawal began completely and gradually on May 15, 1988, and ended completely on February 15, 1989, so that all Soviet forces actually left.

Abstract

Abstract International policies have a clear impact on shaping the internal ituation of many countries and influencing it، as well as on the economic construction of these countries. for his country

Abstract

AbstractThe economic factor is a major reason for the stability of governments and the success or failure of their policies towards their people, and the accompanying continuation or demise of the political system, and a measure of the extent of cooperation of the governments of the countries of the region in particular and the countries of the world in general with that government. From this standpoint, Al-Ahram newspaper followed the economic developments of Iraq after the death of the former president Abd al-Salam Muhammad Aref on April 13, 1966, until the fall of the customary regime on July 17, 1968, especially since Iraq at that time had clear intentions to join the United Arab Republic. The Egyptian government's sensors were clear through Al-Ahram newspaper, which kept pace with the economic developments and changes in the economic situation in Iraq during that critical and sensitive period. The research is divided into first: the economic conditions during the era of former President Abd al-Salam Muhammad Aref, second: the echo of economic developments in Iraq on the internal level April 13, 1966 - July 17, 1968 in Al-Ahram newspaper, and third: economic developments and the Iraqi governments' dealings with them on the external level during the era of President Abdul Rahman Muhammad Aref and fourth: the echo of the Iraqi oil policy in Al-Ahram newspaper 1966-1968, as well as the conclusion, which contained a number of conclusions.reached a number of conclusions: Al-Ahram newspaper showed that the political situation was reflected in the economic reality in Iraq after the death of former President Abd al-Salam Muhammad Aref and until the revolution July 17, 1968, and that the turmoil and change of governments have changed the state’s economic policies, and this was clearly reflected in the relations between Iraq and Egypt, especially the apathy that afflicted them, despite some attempts that were made for economic coordination between the two parties, but this coordination did not rise to a great degree.

Abstract

Abstract:The arms race has always represented a threat to global peace and security، international relations، and the economy of every country that falls within this race، which was one of the causes of the outbreak of World War I (1914-1918) previously، so the major naval powers entered during the years (1929-1930) in negotiations To limit armaments، because insisting on continuing the arms race means undermining international relations and entering into another world war، and this was not desired by the major powers that were affected by the First World War and are still suffering from its effects، in addition to the exorbitant costs of the armament process that affected its economy، especially after the outbreak of the Great Depression، and these negotiations witnessed fluctuations in the American-European relations، and eventually reached the conclusion of the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

Abstract

AbstractIraq in general and the Basra Brigade in particular witnessed during the period (1921-1958) an economic movement led by the Iraqi state at that time in order to reach the country's progress and prosperity, and the port of Basra had a major role in revitalizing the Iraqi economy through the entry and exit of commercial ships for it, and the contribution of foreign operating companies In the port, the commercial movement has been stimulated, including the export of oil, dates, and other commercial materials, in addition to the emergence of labor strikes demanding an improvement in their living conditions.

Abstract

Abstract:The study aims at identifying the obstacles of applying e-administration at the University of Tabuk from the perspective of the academic leaders. The study sample consisted of (96) academic leaders. The study tool is a questionnaire of three dimensions: administrative، human، and technological obstacles. The study results showed that administrative obstacles ranked first، followed by human obstacles in second place، and technical obstacles in third place. And it showed that there are no differences in the perspective of academic leaders in the application of e-administration at the University of Tabuk due to the personal variables.

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Abstract: Today، the world is witnessing technological transformations and developments، the information and communication revolution، modernity and the global system، which in turn has imposed on educational institutions to keep pace with this new development، which has generated great challenges in front of these institutions and sectors of the state. They are responsible for the success of any educational institution that depends on the competence of its employees and the completion of the work entrusted to them in the fullest form and seriousness in the work.

Abstract

Abstrct:The current research aims to identify (the effectiveness of a proposed strategy based on Charles Fillmore's theory in developing reading comprehension skills among fourth grade literary students). The researcher followed the descriptive and experimental research methodology، as the researcher built a proposed strategy for teaching reading material for the fourth literary grade، to know the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in developing reading comprehension skills.The researcher was rewarded before starting the experiment statistically among the students of the two research groups in some variables (testing language ability، chronological age، educational attainment of the parents، grades of the first course، pretest reading comprehension test). The researcher applied the experiment in the second course of the academic year (2021-2022). on a sample consisting of (64) students from the fourth literary grade in Ibn Khaldoun Preparatory School for Boys، affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Al-Rusafa II، chosen intentionally from the research community، and by the method of a simple random sample Division (A) was represented by the experimental group by (32) students، and division (B) was represented by the control group by (32) students. Multiple choice type، make sure of its validity and reliability، calculate the coefficient of difficulty، discrimination، and incorrect alternatives for its paragraphs. In light of these results، the researcher recommended several recommendations. As a complement to the research، the researcher suggested conducting a number of studies.

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AbstractEducation technology is a renewed science that does not stop at the limits of using educational devices and their maintenance، but is affected by theoretical changes facing the field and its applications. Therefore، the development in the field of educational technologies was parallel to developments in related theories، and tracked since the twentieth century until the field definitions of changes. Now it is noted how the field was affected by theoretical transformations from the school of behavioral psychology، to the cognitive school، to the structural school، and that the current research has touched on these areas of education and the impact of technology on them.

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Abstract:The current study aimed to determine the organizational trust، and to study the potential impact of each gender variable (male - female) on a sample of male and female teachers in the second Rusafa، Baghdad. The research sample consisted of (200) male and female teachers from Al-Rusafa Second School in Baghdad.The researchers prepared a measure to measure organizational trust، which was an important part of the prerequisites for the current study. If the scale consists of (54) items from the raw images، the apparent validity of the scale is verified by submitting the items to. A set of arbitrators and coefficients of differentiation and correlation are extracted for the passages of the scale so that the scale becomes its final form consisting of (50) items related to the variables studied، Then the researcher applies the scale to the basic research sample، which consisted of (200) male and female teachers from the Second Sectoral Council in Al-Rusafa of Baghdad Governorate، and after collecting information for statistical treatment using the t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient، the researchers obtained several results، including: Organizational confidence among the sample membersFrom the results of the current study، the researchers reached the following conclusions:1. Male and female teachers enjoy good organizational confidence at the general level.2. Specialization and gender do not affect the application of organizational trust in schools.suggestion:In light of the previous results، the researchers made the following recommendations:1- Preparing seminars and lectures on the concept of organizational trust in continuous development centers in schools and universities and explaining them to teachers and principals in general.2- Benefiting from measures of organizational trust in the academic field، including the educational and administrative fields.suggestion.In addition to the current study، the researchers propose several studies and scientific studies as follows:1- Conduct research and research similar to the current study on other samples، such as school principals، general managers، department heads، university presidents، etc.2- Conducting research and additional research on organizational trust in universities and its relationship to other variables such as job satisfaction، decision-making، religious affiliation, motivation، and academic achievement.

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Abstract: The study aims to know the problems that students face during their academic career at the university، and are there statistically significant differences between students for problems during their academic career at the university according to the gender variable (male-female)? Are there any statistically significant differences between students for problems during their academic career at the university، according to the variable of study type (morning - evening)? Are there statistically significant differences between students for problems during their academic career at the university، according to the variable of the type of specialization (scientific - humanistic)? The study sample consisted of (600) male and female students who were randomly selected from both the morning and evening studies. The researchers used the descriptive analytical study method. A problem، a medium problem، a small problem، not a problem)) according to a graduated scale of (5) degrees، as the maximum score was given (5) and the lowest score was (1). The total number of paragraphs of the final questionnaire was (30) paragraphs، and validity was extracted The questionnaire was presented through virtual honesty by presenting it to a group of experts specialized in the field of education and psychology، and its stability through the Vakronbach coefficient، which amounted to (86)، and through the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) program، the results of the study were extracted، and the results showed that there are several problems For students related to matters including economic، social، scientific، environmental، psychological، educational....etc.، the researchers concluded that joining the university constitutes other burdens for students and their families، especially students in the evening study، because the study requires a lot of pain Study requirements، reproduction، costs of purchasing some books، sources and references، and transportation to and from the university. The study came out with several recommendations، including improving the economic situation and its financial return through the annual tuition for students in the evening study. The researchers suggested conducting a similar study on students' problems in private universities. hadith، turmoil، type، condition.

Abstract

Abstract:John Luke developed the concept of the philosophy of education، which was common in the 5th and 6th centuries، by introducing a new element، which is his understanding of the nature of the educated، known as (the white page). The white page concept is based on the idea that the brain of a human being at the time of his birth is just like a white page.The research identifies the general features of the philosophy of John Luke، one of the most prominent representatives of the philosophy of science and reality، and his role in the establishment of the philosophy of education، depending on the information that could achieve the goals. The researcher’s method depends on the descriptive method to analyse the importance of John Luke’s role in establishing the philosophy of education. The research results show that John Luke applied his philosophical ideas to education، which played a great role in formulating his philosophy of education that is based on philosophical principles.

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Abstract This study deals with a vital topic that preoccupies the minds of those interested in the educational process in childhood، which is represented by childrens songs، which constitute an artistic means of raising a child، which is the window of society to the future. because it contributes to the formation of the childlike personality on which the personality of this society is built. to achieve the aim of the study، the researcher prepared a questionnaire containing (20) standards prepared by the researcher and distributed it to a randomly selected sample consisting of (30) teachers of the Arabic language in their various linguistic and literary disciplines and the methods of teaching the Arabic language in the college of education and arts at al-mustansiriya university. after statistical treatments، the study reached a set of results according to the objective. in the light of the study، the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

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Abstract:The nature of the relationships and influence between each of the containment management and the organizational containment of workers' organizations is not always easy. It is a dynamic process influenced by changing trends and new developments in the field. When done poorly، containment management can severely affect employee productivity، motivation، and engagement while causing potential disruptions and problems for managers. Unfortunately، many businesses do not prioritize employee engagement management and thus do not experience the rich benefits and positive impact it has on the company as a whole. In an effort to raise awareness of these benefits، here is an overview of how containment management affects employee engagement.Helping employees to reach best job containment is a central role for executives and working professionals. People are the greatest organizational value creators، so effective management of their performance is critical to success. Employees need to understand what is expected of them، and they need to be managed so that they are motivated، have the skills، resources and support they need to succeed، and are accountable for their work. The current market-oriented environment of higher education is hostile to the development of inclusive education in universities.Emphasizing the role of containment management principles in educational institutions in particular، as organizations seek to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage that requires them to reduce functional work pressures that depend on containment management to reduce the negative effects that impede the success of the organization. Reducing functional work pressures in institutions according to the principles of containment management will ensure obtaining high-accuracy work outputs and distinct productivity at the same level as work inputs.The study reached important results confirming the negative role of job stress on workers and its repercussions on productivity and on social relations between them. A set of recommendations were developed، the most important of which is the implementation of the principles of containment management and the importance of administrative leaders in educational institutions addressing the causes of stress to reduce or mitigate them to create a comfortable and productive university environment.

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AbstractThe aim of the research is to identify the impact of the SWOT strategy on acquiring the concepts of measurement and evaluation among students of the College of Education. To achieve the objective of the research، the researcher used the semi-experimental research method، designing the two groups with the post-test. classroom (A) was chosen to represent the experimental group taught according to the SWOT strategy، and classroom (B) to represent the control group taught in the traditional method. The number of students reached (96) male and female students، with (48) male and female students in each group. The two groups were rewarded in two variables: the students' chronological age، and intelligence. The researcher prepared a test to acquire the concepts of measurement and evaluation and to ensure its validity and reliability. The researcher used the T-test for two independent samples (T-test) for statistical treatment، and the results of the research showed the superiority of the experimental group that was studied according to the SWOT strategy in acquiring the concepts of measurement and evaluation according to the processes of acquiring definition، discrimination and generalization.