AL-Qadisiya Journal

There are many ways of starving civilians in international and non-international armed conflicts. The situation of starvation always accompanies these conflicts and is achieved by destroying or disrupting the vital objectives of the civilian population, such as food stores, agricultural fields, water dams and irrigation systems, as well as the policy of scorched earth. This policy aims to starve the fighters, but it starves the civilians by accident. Starvation may occur as a result of the imposition of a blockade, whether land, sea or air, when this blockade prevents the arrival of food and other relief aid to the civilian population Famine .

Papel na ito discusses ang mga internasyonal na proteksyon ng kapaligiran ng Transboundary paggalaw ng Mapanganib Wastes at ang kanilang pagtapon cross-border (ayon sa Basel Convention ng 1989), at dahil sa pakikipag-usap tungkol sa mga problema ng mga mapanganib na basura at ang kanilang mga pagtatapon cross-border mahaba para sa kapasidad ng mga paksa, ay kinilala ating pag-aaral sa loob ng saklaw ng Basel Convention pamumuhay mature international conventions ito ay nagkaroon ng isang malaking papel sa pag-unlad ng internasyonal na kapaligiran batas, kaya ito ay kinakailangan upang pag-aralan ang kasunduang ito at dealt sa sa ilang mga detalye upang malaman ang mga negatibo at positives, para sa layunin ng clarifying ang lawak ng pagiging epektibo nito sa pagprotekta ng kapaligiran mula sa pinsala na dulot ng ang transportasyon ng mga mapanganib na wastes at ang kanilang mga pagtatapon kabila ng hangganan.

Although traditional evidence had a great role in proving paternity and the discovery of crimes recorded so important victories in that area, but the revolution that occurred in the world of genes in general and the technique of the (DNA) in particular, and its entry in the world of proof at the moment as that was a shift great in the proof, if we know that the DNA or the (DNA) responsible for the transfer of genetic traits through generations thus achieving uniqueness and distinction between each race of human races, the modern scientific Vahawahd suggest that the human society has seen, along with globalization and the information age biological revolution brought about a radical and dangerous changes in the world reflected effects on all .valhndsh genetic aspects of life are part of the modern biological revolution is the most important applications of DNA that have changed the methods of proof of judicial various countries as a modern technology for the detection and identification of persons over their affiliation, especially in the subject of paternity for their parents as well as other fields.ields.

It causes the activity of oil and gas refining, a large number of environmentally harmful pollutants refining, and is described as the main cause of pollution in general the environment in general, so that can accommodate the environmental pollution caused to include environmental air, water and ground range, so it is directly responsible for most of the environmental damage to human class basis and the rest of the objects the living and non-living other, and the ecosystem in general, and from this point of becoming Environmental Civil Liability for Oil and Gas Refining Companies of the most common questions that deserve research and investigation, and in particular the legal basis for this responsibility; Because of the difference doctrinal and legislative process of this foundation, with some calling for the need to stay in the framework of the theory of error, while others advocated the need to adopt a theory of the damage, the theory that do not have any weight to the wrong corner. Therefore, this study will analyze these theories and determine the most appropriate theory and harmony with nature and Environmental Civil Liability for Oil and Gas Refining Companies, so that the legislature and the Iraqi judiciary ignore them and adopt them.

Like the previous constitutions of Iraq, and in many constitutions of the Arab and Islamic world, the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 stated that "Islam is the official religion of the state" and that "it is a basic source of legislation. This is evidenced by the constitutional legislator's approval of the majority of the followers of this religion numerically in Iraq compared to the total population of followers of other religions, and his intention to oblige the legislative institution to obey the constants of its provisions and non-violation in legislation, and the need to preserve the Islamic identity of the majority of the Iraqi people. In the meantime, there is a recognizing to the full religious rights of all members of other religions, such as Christians, Yezidis and Sabean Mandaeans, in freedom of belief and religious practice.

Advertisements are the best way for professionals to introduce their activities, to inform prospective consumers about the products and services they provide to create their psychological satisfaction to convince them to acquire these goods and services and to make a lasting profit with consumers Which are suitable for their wishes where they can trade and differentiate between alternatives and different types and gives them greater freedom to make contractual decisions and the consumer is entitled to trust in advertising The advertising profession should support this confidence by not making the consumer the victim of advertisements devoid of real and deceitful methods of lying and misleading the consumer Despite the importance of advertising and its positive side to both the professional and the consumer, it may be deceptive to consumers and contains false information about Products or services which negatively affects the consumer satisfaction in the contract which requires the provision of effective legal protection to protect the consumer from misleading advertising either before the conclusion of the contract to prevent the damage of these ads or after the conclusion of the contract to address the damage of these ads.

The contract is on the basis of a comparative base effect of the contract stipulates that the effects of the contract go off limbs, without extend to others, as hard as an asset in the impact of actions in terms of the people is the relative, the others here is not affected by what is stated in it from the effects, The implementation of the contract may be limited the contractors just as if they were outlets for it , however, that this rule not a obstacle to possibility of the departure of effects to the contract to the third party, but the intervention of non-contracting has become possible, through reference to the subject of the contract without invoking or invoked , which gives this third parties the possibility of intervention by his appearance at a later stage as a party in the implementation of this contract, however, the same time we may find that the character of a contractor or one of His attributes irrelevant to the other Contracting , since the latter has contracted on the basis of very purports to achieve this decade, to see that this idea does not preclude such an intervention, as it may get a conflict between the availability of account personal element and implementation by non-contractor, and that it is possible to raise this conflict and then the possibility of execution of the contract by a non-contracted personally.

We learned from this research that citizenship is based on the equality of all the people without distinction between them for any reasonWhere we discussed the clarification of the linguistic and the traditional concept of citizenship and citizenship types and imagesThen we presented a statement of the foundations and foundations on which citizenship is based on legal and constitutional foundations, and citizens must enjoy rights and assume public obligations and duties equal to all.,We also discussed the obstacles and problems of the existence of real citizenship and its application in Iraq, and then the manifestations of citizenship in the Iraqi constitution and the impact of citizenship on the Iraqi citizen and its impact on political stability in the country.

All modern constitutions and the laws regulating the work of the judiciary are concerned with adopting the principle of the independence of the judiciary, its impartiality and the inadmissibility of intervening in its affairs. However, the principle is that this principle is often more theoretical than practical. The judiciary may often be subjected to pressures and influences from parties Multiple. The judiciary has a great role in the protection of rights and freedoms and the response to the assault on them. The penal legislation has unanimously agreed to criminalize everything that prejudices its independence and impartiality, including "INTERVENTION with or in harming a judge or court in favour of one of the litigants.
Often, some exploit their influence, influence, Pressure on the judge that the latter is the son of the society in which the judiciary and as he assumes his functions in a society where the impact of some individuals on each other is not immune to the impact on him and may not find a way to respond to him that the judge no matter how strong and solid in his approval may not Can withstand the pressures and The effects exerted by the person with whom the relationship of kinship, marriage, or personal relations are connected is such that the judge, like any other child, ties with other individuals personal or family relations or the working relationship in the judiciary, which makes them a source of influence in his or her judiciary. And the impact on the independence of the judiciary and the public's confidence in its integrity and fairness and its fundamental role in preserving rights and freedoms has attracted the attention of the international legislator, where it has criminalized several international agreements, some of which concern the independence of the judiciary. Of which disturb judicial independence and impartiality, and some of them deals with the subject of human rights on the grounds that, including the human right of the accused to receive a fair trial in which the necessary legal guarantees are available, and some regard to crimes of administrative corruption, which was considered to mediate with the judges of these crimes.

If the parties in international contracts freedom to choose the law applicable to the contract law in accordance with the principle of authority will, on the basis of this freedom, the right to the fragmentation of the International Decade by selecting more than one law to govern the various contract portions or choose the law to rule the portion of its parts while leaving the rest of the parts of the law that govern the contract, it has been associated with the idea of fragmentation of the international decade of the imagination personal theory that granted the parties wide freedom of choice, but this does not mean that the objective theory has refused retail completely but they put restrictions on this freedom, but these retailers, in fact, were not absolute but It is constrained by the international public order and the rules of the police, and for the views, which holds the fragmentation of the international decade are Contracting Parties to the national and international arbitrator and judge and that these retailers are not wildly, but there are mechanisms that must be followed.