University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

Food-borne infections and diseases remain one of the major concerns of public health and food safety caused by a wide range of pathogens contaminating food and food products. Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most economically important foodborne diseases in public health programs worldwide while the most common and important species of Escherichia genus which consists of five species, these species that cause human infection. A total of 44 swab samples were collected from different animals (Cow, Buffalo, and Goat). These samples were collected from Al Qurnah farm, animal farm of Basrah veterinary collage. These samples were collected mainly from 4 locations in the animal body (nose, mouth, rectum, and vagina). The results indicates that the most E. coli isolation comes from the cows followed by goat and the most contaminated areas was mouth ( 100 % ) followed by nasal cavity ( 90.9 % ) , rectum ( 72% ) and finally vaginal cavity (54.5 %) while the results of S. aureus infected revealed that high percentage , were rectal samples (90.9%); nasal samples; (81.8%)and (72.7%) for both vaginal and oral samples. All animals were infected approximately equally with S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility test for E. coli concluded that the bacteria were sensitive to (Clindamycin, Cefoxirim and Erythromycin) and were resistance to Vancomycin and Tetracycline While Antibiotic susceptibility result for S. aureus showed susceptibility to Clindamycin, and Tetracycline and complete resistance to Cefotaxime and Vancomycin

This study investigated the diagnosis the bacteria that associated with GIT cancer and GIT diseases. A total number of 200 blood and biopsy samples were collected during the period from September 2020 to June 2021. Samples included 100 sample for gastrointestinal cancer patients, 50 for healthy people, and 50 for gastrointestinal patients. Gastrointestinal tract diseases patients were diagnosed clinically, and the disease was evaluated by specialist physicians, presented with dyspepsia referred to the Esophago Gastroduodeno Scope Unit for endoscopy at AL-Hussein teaching hospital (Consulting digestive tract). In the current study, three types of bacteria were diagnosed which relate to diseases of the digestive system, including: Streptococcus bovis spp gallolyticus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalisbutby by usig PCR technique. It was found that the highest percentage was for patients with cancer. The results revealed, three types of viruses were diagnosed that are related to diseases of the digestive system, with regard to viruses, including: Human papilloma viruses (HPVs), the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Polyoma virus (MCPV) and Human herpes virus (HHV) by PCR technique. However the percentage of the existence of these viruses was higher in patients with cancer than in patients with GIT disease. The DNA sequencing analysis showed a clear genetic variation between bacteria associated with GIT cancer based on 16SrRNA gene according to phylogenetic tree analysis that analyzed compared Standard NCBI-BLAST but in viruses associated with GIT cancer based on specific gene according to phylogenetic tree analysis compared Standard NCBI-BLAST. Except the HPV18 and Jc Polyomavirus the similarity was 100% homology which genetic closed related to NCBI-Blast HPV18 and Jc Polyomavirus.

Vaginitis is a disorder characterized regarding to abnormal bad odor vaginal discharge, discomfort , itching, and burning. Bacterial vaginosis, particularly Gardnerella vaginalis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, particularly Candida albicans, and trichomoniasis are the most common causes of vaginitis. When a cause is established, bacterial vaginosis is implicated in 40% to 50% of cases, with vulvovaginal candidiasis accounting for 20% to 25% of cases and trichomoniasis accounting for 15% to 20% of cases. Physical examination , symptoms, , and laboratory testing are used for final identification. Gardnerella vaginalis DNA or vaginal fluid sialidase activity, as well as Gram stain, are now available in newer laboratory assays. A mixture of clinical manifestations, as well as potassium hydroxide microscopy, are used to diagnose vulvovaginal candidiasis. Culture and DNA probe testing are also available. For such diagnosis of trichomoniasis in asymptomatic or high-risk women, molecular approaches (nucleic acid amplification) are indicated. This study aimed to review the most recent knowledge on vaginal infection, with the most common causal agents being bacteria, yeast, and parasites

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread worldwide and is one of the causes of miscarriage in women who are pregnant .Toxoplasma gondii infection among miscarried women in Thi-Qar province was investigated in this study. A total of 120 blood samples of aborted women and 80 samples of blood were taken from women who had not undergone miscarriage while pregnant (comparison group) and for the period from November 2018 to January 2019 and with ages ranging from 15 to 44 years. Anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).The results showed that the total incidence of T. gondii among women with miscarriage was 59/120 (49.1%) compared with the standard group (women without miscarriage) 5/80 (6.2%). The rate of infection was IgG 41.6%, IgM 5% and IgG & IgM togather 2.5% among miscarried women. The age group with the highest percentage was the range of (25-34) year ,was(45.7%) and the lowest percentage was 22 % in the range of ( 35-44 )year age range. The highest rate of infection was in the first period of pregnancy 52.5% and the lowest was in the third period of pregnancy 18.6% women who had a single miscarriage have the highest prevalence of infection (44%) and the lowest was in women who have multiple miscarriage (23.7%).

The aim of present study is to isolate and identify of Acinetobacter baumannii from burns infect as well as study their production for Extended spectrum β -lactamases (ESBLs).This study included 205 burn patients at Al-Hussien Teaching Hospital and other burn care units in Al-Nasiriyah city . The specimens were collected during period from August 2018 to February 2019. It were taken by burn swabs from pus of the burned area and then inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar. The isolates were diagnosed by microscopic examination, biochemical tests , API 20 E and Vitek- 2 system . It was found that 20 isolates of A.baumannii and 2 isolates of A. loffii . Where identified from this study . The study showed 18 (90%) out of 20 isolates of A. baumannii were appeared resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime(screening test of ESBLs) . Seven (35%) of isolates were producing ESBLs by confirmatory test(Modified double –disk synergy test (MDDST)) , and 13(65%) of isolates were negative results to production of the ESBLs.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition with immune-mediated inflammatory etiology. Many studies have indicated that Interleukin-12 (IL-12) plays an essential role in the severity of psoriasis.So to elucidate IL-12 role in regulating psoriasis promotion, the sera levels of IL-12 are detected in psoriasis patients and healthy people. The study contains 45 individuals with psoriasis, and the same number of healthy persons are included as controls .The PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) was used to assess the severity of psoriasis. Patients were divided into three groups depending on severity: mild psoriatic patients (13), moderate psoriatic patients(15), and severe psoriatic patients (17).Five ml of serum was obtained from each individual in per groups to determine IL-12 levels. The data demonstrated that the age range (36-45) has the highest prevalence of psoriatic patients (51.11 %). In addition, the female to male ratio in patients with psoriasis was 1.2:1.IL-12 levels in psoriasis patients were significantly higher than in healthy persons (3.55 pg/ml and 2.79 pg/ml). Furthermore, there was a significant association between blood IL-12 levels and PASI for psoriatic patient groups. The findings suggest that IL-12 has a key role in the psoriasis pathogenesis and that it might be utilized to evaluate psoriasis and as a follow-up indicator for those with it.

The Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a component of the innate immune system that is primarily produced by Th2 cells and is found in high concentrations in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis. The study comprised 90 people of both genders, 45 of whom were patients who attending to Al-Nassirya teaching Hospital, Dermatology, during a period between November 2021 to March 2022, and the same number served as controls. Blood samples were obtained from both groups, and the serum levels of IL-13 were estimated using an ELISA-ready kit.The findings of the current study referred that young adult, and the females gender were as more effective in Atopic Dermatitis, andthe female to male ratio was 1.14: 1. On the other hand, the results indicated there were elevated sera levels of IL-13 in AD patients in contrast to the controls group. Also, there is no significant difference in IL-13 sera levels among patients groups regarding to severity of AD P˃0.05). we concluded from a significant difference between the healthy control group and patients that IL-13involved in the pathogenesisof AD.

This study was designed to investigate the causative agents of recurrent urinary tract infection in diabetic patients in Thi-Qar Province . The study included 87 Iraqi participants of whom 46 diabetics and 41 non diabetics healthy control . Urine samples were collected from each participant and cultured on blood and MacConkey agars ,followed by macro and microscopic identification and biochemical tests. API 20E and Vitek 2 compact systems were used as a confirmatory tests . The findings showed ,of the total 87 participants 60(69%) gave a positive growth for urine culture. The results also showed thatT2DM patients were more susceptible to UTI with positive urine growth of 23/26 (88%) compared to T1DM patients who showed 14/20 (70%), and the majority of cases were female. Escherichia coli is the most common isolates accounting for the majority of cases 29 (48%), followed by Klebsiellapneumoniae9(15%) and Acinetobacter radioresistens 8(13.3%).It can be concluded that diabetic patients are more susceptible to UTI, especially T2DM. According to the present results, the immune disturbance due to diabetic patients is taking tall on T2DM patients even with asymptomatic bacteriuria.

IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory marker seen in the circulation of atopic disease. The study comprised 90 people of both genders, 45 of whom were patients, and the same number served as controls. Blood samples were obtained from both groups, and the serum levels of IL-6 were estimated using an IL-6 ECLIA kit by Electro-chemilumenescence Immunoassay. The findings of the present study referred that there were elevated sera levels of IL-6 (12.26pg/ml ) in AD patients in contrast to the control groups (4.05pg/ml) with a significant difference . Also, The results revealed an increase in the levels of IL-6 in severe AD patients compared with control group with highly statistically significant(P≤ 0.01). According to the results of the current study, it can be concluded that IL6 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of dermatitis, and its elevated levels correlate with the clinical severity of the disease pathogenesis of AD.

Thyroiditis is a broad term that refers to a variety of clinical conditions marked by inflammation and damage to thyroid cells. These disorders could be caused by due to factors, including radiation, a microbial infection, or be linked to autoimmune thyroid disease, such as in Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). This cross-sectional study aimed to the detection of anti-TPO antibodies and to investigate (Parvovirus B19) IgM and IgG antibodies in serum of patients to investigate their role in the pathogenesis of thyroiditis. The study included 91 patients suffering from thyroid dysfunction and diagnosed by performing of the thyroid hormone tests (FT3, FT4 and TSH) by Snibe Maglumi-800 Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, where they were divided into three groups namely (subclinical thyroiditis, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism). Then Moreover, the study investigates the determination which of them has HT by the detection of thyroid autoantibodies anti-TPO Ab and the detection of antibodies to specific (Parvovirus B19) IgM and IgG in the sera of patients by ELISA. The results of serology showed that the percentage of anti-TPO antibodies in the three investigated groups was (54.94%), and the highest percentage was in the hypothyroidism group, which amounted to (71.40%). The serological diagnosis also showed that the presence of antibodies to (Parvovirus B19) IgM was (90.10%) while, IgG levels were (100%) respectively. Conclusions: Parvovirus B19 infection is commonly seen in patients with thyroiditis.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and mortality in humans; especially among children, elders and immune-compromised individuals around the world. This study aims to determine the infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus in patients with respiratory tract infection and identify the genotyping in Different cities in Thi-Qar province During the period from February to May. A total of 100 throat swabs samples were collected from patients having flu-like illnesses from age range between (6-65 ) years from both sex . Result showed 38 % positive for RSV , 24% was in genotype A and 14% in genotype B ,.The conclusion of this study revealed that respiratory syncytial virus A infections were more frequent than RSV B among patients with acute respiratory tract infection, and The frequency of female patients infected with RSV were higher than their male.

Cronobacter sakazakii is a food-born pathogenic bacteria which can cause several diseases for human and animals. The present study focused on the isolation of this species from clinical specimens ( Burn humans, stool of patients with diarrhea, urine with UTI. in addition to hospital environments specimens) from different sexes and ages. The specimens have been taken from group of hospitals in Al-Nasiriyah city (center of Thi-Qar province- south of Iraq). The identification was done by both phenotypical and molecular methods with using of culture (on enriched, selective and differential media), microscopic examination, biochemical tests, API. 20 E. system and PCR. for amplification of ITS. region (the space between 16s and 23s ribosomal DNA.).Out of 400 specimens (100 from each source) there were 16 (4 %) of specimens give


positive for C. sakazakii which included: 4/100 burns specimens (4%), 6/100 stool specimens (6%), 0/100 urine (0%) and 6/100 hospital environments specimens (6%). The 16 isolates have been identified by PCR. for the presence of ITS. region with using of SG. Primer (282 bp.), all the 16 (100%) isolates were positive for this gene. This species was exist in the clinical specimens and can cause diarrhea and burn infection in the area of study with ratio equal to what obtain by other researchers. There are variation in results of biochemical tests according to its strains which leads to difficulty with diagnosis, furthermore the diagnosis with ITS. showed the same results of phenotypical methods used in the present study.

Giardiasis is a well-known gastroenteritis that causes small intestine malabsorption and fatty diarrhea. The current study was performed from the start of September 2021 to the end of March 2022. Fifty blood samples were collected from suspected infected patients with G. lamblia when they returned to the laboratory to receive the result of microscopic analysis and were proved to be infected with the parasite, and (40) blood samples were collected from healthy people as a control group. This study reveals a significant increase in the level of interleukin-1B, being (2.807) in the infected patients. Higher than in the control group (0.454). The study of biochemical parameters of patients infected with parasites showed an increase in the concentration of liver enzymes (GOT and GPT) in patients and compared to the healthy group.

Acne vulgaris wide speared skin disease that cause psychological impact with increased risk of depression.This research on 90cases from male and female, 45 of acne patient and 45 of healthy controls. A blood samples was collected in addition to some information from all cases. Lipid profile was estimate. The results found that females patients more than males, and most of the acne patients resided in urban areas . Also, acne patients had significantly increased levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in their blood. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) . It had concluded that the difference in serum lipid levels between acne patients and healthy individuals, indicates that alteration of lipid profile is an significant factor in development acne in Iraqi patients .

The current study was conducted in Thi-Qar province, with One hundred blood specimens were collected from patients in Mohammed Al-Mousawi Hospital for Children (ages between 2 days - 3 years, males and females), at the period between November 2021 to February 2022.This study aimed to revealed the relationship between different characteristics (sex, age and clinical symptoms) with viral infections , and diagnosis by WBC COUNT, platelet and C-reactive protein for each patients. Based on the results recorded among 100 children have different disease, but only, 9% of patients were infected with the Echovirus, and 91% were negative for viral infection, the results also noted a significant difference in viral prevalence in children at p. value < 0.05. Results also noted a non-significant difference according to children’ gender at p. value < 0.05. Most children infected with Echovirus was in 6-8 and 8-10 month 25%, while the age groups (3day-< 2 month), (2 - < 4 month), (12 - < 14 month), and (14 - < 16 month), were non-infected with Echovirus. The results also noted a significant difference according to age groups at p. value < 0.05. The results of present study showed that CRP and WBC count were increase, while the platelet count was low or normal in children.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fatal parasitic disease caused by a free-living amoeba called Naegleria fowleri also called a brain-eating amoeba. The parasite can invade the central nervous system causing brain damage and death in a few days. PAM is characterized by a high fatal mortality rate of 98% and the estimated time for death is less than two weeks after symptoms onset making it the most deadly parasitic infection in the world. Treatment options for PAM are still the major obstacle since the drugs cannot pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to kill the parasite leading to a high mortality rate. This review came to focus on the new approach and updating regarding the new treatment options and recent case reports in addition to elucidating the diagnosis process.

16 samples healthy people), during the period from October 2021to January 2022 , with ages ranging from (20-65)years.The current study recorded an increased concentration of IgE in patients at a rate of 76.67% compared with healthy people samples, Also, this study showed an increase in Total IgE antibodies in peanut-allergic patients at a rate of 36.49%. The current study is shown that the females had the highest concentration of IgE antigen-specific to peanuts at a rate of (29.73%) compared with maleswith significant difference (p < 0.05). Moreover , this study recorded that fourth age group had the highest percentage (76.6%) for peanut-allergic compared to the other age groups with a significant difference between them (p< 0.05). In contrast, the results recorded a decrease in the concentration of interleukin IL-17A and IL-17F among those peanut-allergic patients.

breast cancer\" which is common type of carcinogenesis in females, surpassing even bronchogenic cancer \"accounting for approximately one-third of the registered female cancers according to the latest Iraqi Cancer Registry\". According to \"World Health Organization\", that discovery as well as examination early, particularly in combination together with sufficient therapy, present the appropriate method which decrease in the mortality rate for \"breast cancer\". Rate of \"breast cancer\" rise in Iraq, a source of a significant health problem. Labors are necessary on the nationalist scale and establishing comprehensive breast cancer control programs in Iraq for better estimate of the problem.

- eavy metals are usually present in trace amounts in real samples such as natural waters, soil and plants samples but many of them are toxic even at very low concentrations, therefore, cloud point extraction (CPE) used for heavy metal separation. The CPE usage comes back to the works of Watanabe and co-workers who recommended the application of CPE by employing the non-ionic surfactants as an alternative solvent for the extraction of metal ions. In principle, CPE depends on the separation of hydrophobic analyte (i.e. inorganic and/or organic analyte) between two phases generated from micellar of non-ionic surfactant solution when heated to its critical cloud point temperature-CPT. In this review, CPE approach and features elucidated. The mechanism phenomena of CPE explained in addition to the methodology of analytical procedure by this process. Then, the significant applications of this method listed for separation of some heavy metals such as ( Cd, Cu and Co). Finally, this review, mentioned the factors that affected on the CPE approach and results. In general, using this kind of analytical process provides a most reliable and trustworthy results with almost simplicity approach.

Carrier temperature in quantum well (QW) semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) has been studied, depending density matrix theory (DMT) and carrier dynamic in quantum well. The effect of volume carrier density, doping on effect, pulse shape, nonradiative relaxation, and nonlinear gain coefficients on the carrier temperature and carrier heating has been investigated. The theoretical results show that; the time recovery increases straightforward with nonradiative recombination, where the relaxation time of nonradiative recombination reduces the rate of carrier occupation in quantum states. Also, the carrier temperature increases with carrier density, free carrier absorption, carrier heating lifetime and reduces with pulse shape of pump pulses.