University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

Cancer is a state in which cell proliferation occurs abnormally when it becomes uncontrollable and able to invade other cells. Additionally, the number of cancer patients has been clearly rising in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to study the incidence of intestinal parasites infections in people with this diseas and understand how harmful that is. Cancer patients with parasitic infections were a targets in the current study. The present study was carried out during the period of July through December 2022 in Thi-Qar province. The total number of samples was 70 cancer patients, blood samples were collected from them and examined via the ELISA system to detect the infection with intestinal parasites (Entamoeba histolytica ). Total number of a positive patients for intestinal parasite E.histolytica were 11(15.7%) , analysis of serum samples for anti-amebic antibodies revealed that (15.7% and 2.85% of samples) were positive for IgG and IgM respectively, while negative for IgA. According to the ELISA findings, E. histolytica was the most common intestinal parasite that caused diarrhea that was reported among patients with cancer

Infertility is defined by inability to conceive after one year or more of unprotected sexual intercourse. Its causes by several causes including viruses such as Hepatitis C Virus. Hepatitis C Virus is sexually transmitted virus effect on reproductive system in male and female and caused infertility. The aim of study was to finding the correlation between Hepatitis C Virus and infertility. Case control study using ELISA technique for 90 serum samples, 50 patients with infertility (males and females) selected from private laboratories in Al-Nasiriya city from November 2021 to February 2022. Inclusion criteria of subjects include male and female patients who have infertility with age range 16-46 years old. The diagnosis was based on the clinical and laboratory examinations under the supervision of a specialist physician. The control group included 40 adults per some (males and females) who have children and look healthy. Both patients and control group received a set of questions. The results showed mean age of patients and control in this study was 30.62 with higher infertility rate 43-46 years old. The results detection of anti–HCV IgM antibody the infection percentage in male was highest (92.00%) than in female. On the other hand, detection of anti–HCV IgG antibody appear the infection in female was greater (24.00%) than in male. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) considered as risk factor to cause infertility in male and female by affecting reproductive functions in both sexes.

Candida species are medically significant because they are the most frequent opportunistic mycosis in the worldwide. Because of hormonal and biochemical fluctuations, Fungal infections in the vagina are tenfold during pregnancy. Increased antibiotic usage and the presence of high levels of reproductive hormones during pregnancy both promote Candida species colonization. The study aimed to shed light on the relationship between Urinary tract infection UTI and candidiasis and determines the genetic patterns and their prevalence among women. There are 90 samples of urine and vaginal swabs collected from pregnant women with UTI at ages ranging from (15-40) years. All samples cultured on SDA, MSA and MEA. Several tests were used to identify the types of isolated yeasts, including growth on Chromogenic agar medium, as well as biochemical and molecular tests using primers ITS1, 4. The Results found that a nine species of Candida were isolated on Chromogenic: C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. kefyr, C. membranifaciens and C. utilis, Also, showed the number of yeasts that were genetically diagnosed by molecular diagnosis was eight species of yeasts as follows 3 isolates C. albicans from 33% and one isolate for each of the following types C. orthopsilosis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis and C. parapsilosis with 11% of all isolates where C. albicans showed the highest percentage. The results of the statistical analysis of the isolates showed that the most affected age group of pregnant women was (26-30), (21-25 year) in the rate of 33%, 30% respectively. Antifungal susceptibility was studied, as the results indicated that all Candida isolates were sensitive to Miconazole and itraconazole, except for Candida albicans, which was resistant to itraconazole. Furthermore, most types of Candida Were resistant to Nystatin and Amphotericin B, except for three type’s C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. utilis. The most common pathogen in Urinary tract system is Candida spp. in pregnant women, the results indicated that the best treatment to eliminate Candida Miconazole, Itraconazol, Clotrimazol, Co-Trimoxazol, Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Amphotricine B , and Nystatin respectively

The current study is targeted for detection of the some important respiratory pathogen viruses which responsible for respiratory tract infections, Influenza A virus (IAV) and human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are considered of the causes of respiratory diseases. The current study included the examination of 150 nasal swab samples from the age of one year to the age of 70 years. The collected specimens were kept in viral transport media (VTM). RNA were extracted.The results revealed from this study are summarized in the follows: out of 150 patients suffering from respiratory tract infection only 20(13.3%) were encountered with the H1N1 virus, 21(14.0%) were HPIV3 .Co-infection of number of viruses appeared in 33(22.0%) patient. The sample are categorized into sex groups were H1N1viruses male 12(8.00%) higher than female 8(5.30%). HPIV3 male 11(7.30%) higher female 10(6.70%).The distribution of H1N1virus based on age groups ,and it represents the highest percentage were 4(2.70%) less than 7 years, 3(2.00%) (57-63)years and 4(2.70%)(64-70)years.The distribution of HPIV3 based on age group, and represents the highest percentage were 4(2.70%)(57-63)years, 4(2.70%)(64-70)years. H1N1virus infections in the December, January, February and March months was higher than the April, HPIV3 infection in the March and April months were higher than the December, January and February months. The main clinical features caused by H1N1, rhinorrhea ,fever and cough were reported as the highest frequently,15(75.0%), 10(50.0%), 9(45.0%) respectively ,the other signs were dyspnea 7(35.0%), sneezing 5(25.0%). HPIV3, rhinorrhea was reported as the highest frequently 16(76.2%), the other signs were sneezing 5(23.8%), cough and fever 4(19.0%) for each of them,dyspnea 2(9.50%). In the present study, the highest H1N1infection was recorded in Nasiriyah district 6(30.0%), followed by Al-Dawaya 4(20.0%), recorded in both of SuqAlshyuokh and Al-Shatrah 3(15.0%), recorded in both of Al-Garraf and Al-Rifai 2(10.0%). The highest HPIV3 infections were recorded in both Nasiriyah, Al-Rifai, and Al-Shatrah, 7( 33.3%) ,5(23.8%), 4(19.0%) respectively, recorded in both of SuqAlshyuokh, Al-Dawaya 2(9.50%), followed by Al-Garraf 1(4.80%).

An international panic has been sparked by the Covid-19 virus outbreak regarding our knowledge and preparedness against virus outbreaks and be calls whole scientific community to level up fight against this giant killer. Scientists are exhaustively testing already available drugs efficient associated diseases, the coronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) (MERS-CoV) and a concrete solution here too is outlying. In the present scenario nanotechnology envisages a more practical approach towards treatment of severe cases of covid-19. Bacteriophages have the innate capacity to regulate immunity and their nanoscale size makes them perfect candidates to peruse as nanomedicine against the severe cases of COVID-19.

Proteus spp. Is a motile dimorphic Gram negative bacteria belonging to the order Enterobacterales. P. mirabilis, the most commonly isolated species from clinical samples. The present study aimed to investigate the resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolates to different antibiotics. The study included the collection of 487 samples from different clinical sources, including urine, burns, wounds, ear swabs and diabetic ulcers. Different ages were involved of both sexes. Samples were collected from patients attending Al-Nasiriya and Al- Hussain Teaching Hospitals and private laboratories in Thi-Qar province, Iraq, from 29th of November 2021 to 20th of Abril 2022. A total of the isolates were diagnosed by different laboratory tests. The prevalence of P. mirabilis was 8.6 % among all collected samples. Female infection rate was 52.4%, male infection rate was 47.6 %. The age group ≥ 44 years was most commonly infected with P. mirabilis. In addition most P. mirabilis isolates were obtained from UTIs 45%. The antibiotic susceptibility test results showed a high resistance for Cefepime 83.3%, Ceftriaxone 78.8%, Tobramycin 73.3%, Ampicillin 71.4%, Amoxicillin/clavulanic Acid 69%, and Cefotaxime 60%. However, ciprofloxacin was the highest effective antibiotic 54.7%, followed by Meropenem 50%, and Gentamicin 45%. Finally, amikacin had intermediate activity 19%, followed by Netilmicin 16.6%.

This study aimed to the detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases by phenotypic and genotypic methods in nosocomial Gram-negative isolates. A number of 194 samples from hospitalized patients (urine, burn swab, surgical swab, and sputum) were collected These patients were at Al-Hussein and Al-Nasiriyah teaching hospitals in Al-Nasiriyah city. ESBLs enzymes were detected phenotypically by ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) (Screening test) and Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) (Confirming test). The results showed that out of 109 isolates 89 (81.65%) were Gram negative bacilli. A total of 68 Gram-negative were β-lactamases producer. Moreover, the results of screening test recorded that 55 (80.88%) of isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, while 17 (25%) isolates produced ESBLs by (DDST).

The importance of the study the chemical composition from trace ele-ments in hydatid cyst fluids was com-ing from the distribution of this infec-tion in Iraq yearly , this is lead to deal with the study of the disease widely . So, the present study was designed to detect some electrolytes in both of par-ent and daughter hydatid cysts by atomic absorption spectroscopy where it is found the presence of ( Pb, P ,Cd ,K ,Na ,Mn ,Cu ,Fe ,Ca ,Mg ,Zn) in both of the parent and daughter hydatid cysts recording Pb (80.93), P(30.17) ,Cd(28.73) ,K(50.23) ,Na(62.88) ,Mn(591.66) ,Cu(405.92) ,Fe (317.42),Ca(200.21) ,Mg(178.32) ,and Zn(151.56) µg\ml in contents of the parent hydatid cyst while the contents of these metals in the daughter hydatid cyst are Pb (61.12), P(22.11) ,Cd(20.82) ,K(36.29) ,Na(54.62) ,Mn(300.22) ,Cu(291.42) ,Fe (101.41),Ca(83.12) ,Mg(98.81) ,and Zn(76.58) µg\ml respectively.

The purpose of this study is to determine the association between fasting sugar level, urea, creatinine, uric acid, blood pressure, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in renal disease patients.
The current study found that men patients had lower blood sugar, fasting blood glucose, and serum creatinine levels than women patients. however, there was no significant difference between groups of blood urea, uric acid, Glumoular filter, and blood pressure. Also, there is no significant difference in patients based on age in the current study, and there is a very strong positive link between random glucose level and fasting glucose level.

Thyroid disorder and kidney function were once thought by specialists to be clinically negligible and spontaneous, but there have been many reports of elevated serum creatinine. hyperthyroidism patients.
The present study was conducted through a number of hospitals in different regions of Iraq including Baghdad, Babylon, Najaf, Samawa and Maysan. The present study was conducted in the period from August Dec 2018. Samples were collected as 90 thyroid patients and 70 from CKD patients; A set of laboratory analyzes was conducted for the collected samples such as TSH hormon,Cr,urea,T3, andT4 hormone. Data of age, sex and chronic diseases was considered. The results showed there is a strong inverse relationship between TSH hormone and Cr at r=-0.5,p<0.01 for males categories 20-29Y, and40-49y. Moreover, it was found that there is a strong inverse relationship between TSH hormone and Cr at p<0.01 in hyperthyroidism male patients, and no significant correlation in hypothyroidism patients additionally, there is a strong inverse relationship between T4 hormone and Cr at r=-0.3 ,r=- 0.5 ,p<0.001 for males and females respectively in hypothyroidism patients in CKD patients. Forthermore, the results showed that there is a strong inverse relationship between TSH hormone and Cr at p<0.01 for males for ( 20-29,30-39,50-59)Y. This study recommends the need to perform kidney function tests for thyroid patients and treatment in the event of detect.

People with diabetes mellitus (DM) represent a population group that is at high risk of developing a poor prognosis for COVID-19.Having diabetes can lead to serious illness, ICU stay, and death from COVID-19.The current study included 150 participants with diabetes, 100 of whom had COVID-19 (46 males, 54 females), and 50 had diabetes only (28 males and 22 females), aged between 37 and 69 years. The current situation is in the isolation center for people infected with the Corona virus at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital and Shatrah General Hospital in Thi-Qar Governorate.The study included the impact of COVID-19 infection and its effect on pancreatic function.The results of the current study recorded a significant increase in fasting blood glucose concentration and cumulative glucose concentration in diabetic patients infected with Covid-19 virus compared to diabetic patients only by gender, the results also indicated an increase in fasting glucose and cumulative glucose levels in both male and female COVID patients compared to only diabetic patients. The concentration of pancreatic hormones also increased significantly in both male and female patients infected with Covid-19 virus compared to diabetic patients. According to age groups and BMI, cumulative and fasting glucose concentrations did not register a significant difference according to age groups, while according to BMI, cumulative and fasting glucose concentrations increased in patients with normal weight. Trypsin concentration increased significantly in the first age group, while glucagon increased in the second age group. Trypsin and glucagon did not score a significant difference according to BMI

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. It is known for being asymptomatic and affects all living organisms, including humans. The disease is caused by the Toxoplasma gondii parasite. Immunocompromised patients such as AIDS and diabetes ,are the most vulnerable group to infection .The main objective of this research is to detect the infection with Toxoplasma gondii among Diabetic patients by serological method (ELISA) in order to measure the level of IgG for 120 of diabetic patients and 60 healthy control .The results were showed that 35% of diabetic patients infected with Toxoplasma gondii compare to control 78.3% .The age of Diabetic patients who are infected with toxoplasmosis was 55-65 and consisted 11.6% rate of infection followed by 8.3% in 45-55 age group ,while the lower rate was 1.1% in age group of 75-85 years. Diabetic female 34.1% was highly infected with toxoplasmosis than male o.8%, and their residency were urban (24.1%).

The current investigation was conducted at the Center for Genetic Blood Disorders (on thalassemia). Between December 2019 and February 2020. Their ages range from one to forty. They have an past, thalassemia-ridden, with high creatinine levels. Tubes without EDTA were used to collect blood samples from 20 thalassemia individuals who had no kidney problems. a control group, a history of normal creatinine levels, and a restricted age range of 1 to 40 years. There are 120 patients total across the two groups, and all samples were used for the RT-PCR, creatinine level, and HCV ELISA test. The current study found that 20 of 120 individuals without kidney problems and 100 of 120 individuals with kidney defects both had HCV infections. Kidney disease is diagnosed by first determining the creatinine level, followed by ELISA and to determine the presence of IgM and IgG in the patient's serum. Creatinine levels in men are higher than those in women. The age group of 21–31 years in this study had more kidney defect instances (11) out of 100 (85%) than any other age group, according to the random sample size of the kidney defect group. (The age group of 21-31 was (0.63%) older than the age group of 20. The age group of 21–31 years in the normal kidney group (control group) was older than the group of 3–20 years (0.63%), and the serological test included the fast test for anti-HCV antibodies and the ELISA technique for confirmation. Infection rates were higher in the renal defect group than in the control groups (100/120 and 20/120, respectively). The age group of 21–31 years had more cases (11) out of 100 (0.85) than any other age group.

The levels of pollutants around Agbada II Flow Station were investigated. Four sampling stations (A – D) located 500 m apart in the downwind direction and a control located 3.5 km in the upwind direction were monitored. The results showed that the air pollutant parameters varied as follows carbon monoxide 1.20 – 2.40 (1.80 ± 0.13), sulphur dioxide 0.00 – 0.01 (0.005 ± 0.001), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 0.00 – 0.01 (0.002 ± 0.001 ppm), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) 0.001 – 0.001 (0.001 ± 0.0004 ppm), Ozove (O3) 0.01 – 0.01 (0.01 ± 0.005) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) 32.00 – 40.20 (36.10 ± 1.75) parts per million (ppm). The heavy metals in soil; lead (Pb) 0.01 – 0.80 (0.38 ± 0.07ppm), nickel (Ni) 70.00 – 80.20 (75.41 ± 3.68ppm), cadmium (Cd) 0.00 – 0.30 (0.05 ± 0.022 ppm), Cobalt (Co) 0.00 – 0.40 (0.08 ± 0.02 ppm), Copper (Cu) 1.20 – 2.30 (2.00 ± 0.16 ppm), Iron (Fe) 0.00 – 0.50 (0.10 ± 0.04 ppm), Zinc (Zn) 0.01 – 0.01 (0.01 ± 0.001 ppm), and meteorological parameters; wind speed 0.20 – 0.30 (0.26 ± 0.013) m/s, ambient temperature 28.6 – 36.4 (32.25 ± 0.188) ºC, relative humidity (RH) 70.00 – 75.00 (72.33 ± 1.72) %. There was a significant spatial difference in the mean values of the ambient air parameters at P < 0.05 and SPM contributed to the difference, though there were no significant correlations between levels of heavy metals. The mean values of all except Cobalt (Co) and Ni were above the Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR) permissible limits. It is recommended that the gases should be utilized optimally, and residential areas should be located at least 5 km from the station to reduce the detrimental effects of the pollutants.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a term used to describe a heart attack that occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle reduced, and plaque builds up in the lining of the coronary arteries, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply. The study was conducted on a number of participants, including 100 cases and 70 controls, who were matched for gender and age. The blood indicators in question were examined using standard laboratory techniques and equipment. The study aimed to study the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, lipid profiles, and transaminase enzyme in patients 48 hours after myocardial infarction. The results indicated that there are differences between cases and controls for inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-12, and IFN-Αα). Moreover, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were decreased in cases in comparison with controls, while triglyceride (TG) was high in patients after MI. However, patients' aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were meaningfully higher than in controls.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is not itself a disease, but a condition that develops rapidly in response to some forms of liver injury. There is no evidence to prove an association between serum IL-33 with oxidant- antioxidant status in patients of liver failure. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible association between these parameters and to investigation the prognostic role of interleukin-33 in liver failure disease by using the ROC curve. This study includes (30 patients and 30 controls ((were 17 men and 13 female)). During the period of 2021- 2022, patients and controls aged 30- 55 years. The results showed that there is a significant increase in the serum levels of ( MDA, NO, CP , IL-33 and IL-23) in patients group in comparison with controls group Furthermore, it was found that there is a positive correlation between IL-33 and ( IL-23, MDA, NO and Cp ).The ROC curve demonstrated that the levels of (IL-33, IL-23, MDA, NO and CP) have exhibited an good method for discriminating’ between healthy individuals and patients with acute liver failure. In Conclusion, our findings indicated that there is an association between abnormal serum IL-33 levels and Oxidant-Antioxidants Status. Moreover, the level of IL-33 can consider an early prediction biomarker for gestational diabetes. The use of ROC curve analysis confirmed thatIL-33 is effective for the diagnosis of liver failure.

Many human deficiencies may be traced back to insufficient levels of vitamin B12, which is soluble in water. Levels of B12 in the blood and a revised demographic study disprove the former hypothesis. Weight, blood levels, and dietary consumption of vitamin B12 were all studied in connection to one another in persons with Type 2 diabetes and diabetic neuropathy. Thirty volunteers were selected from the medical student bodies at the Universities of Kansas and Utah. Initial measurements of height, weight, body mass index, medicines, supplements, age, blood levels of vitamin B12, and dietary intake were collected for a randomised exercise intervention study (Activity for Diabetic Polyneuropathy: ADAPT Study). Nutrition data was entered into a software programme to identify the types and quantities of vitamin B12 ingested during a 3-day period (NDSR), and descriptive statistics were used to profile the individuals. The effects of metformin on patients were compared to those of non-metformin patients using analysis of variance. Blood B12 levels were correlated with demographic variables including age, body mass index, supplement use, and diet by regression analysis. For each set of independent variables at any given moment, a pairwise correlation matrix was compiled. Humans used up an average of 4.3 g of vitamin B12 daily. Taking metformin was not significantly linked to lower blood B12 levels. There was no correlation between age, body mass index, or obesity and vitamin B12 levels in the blood. Vitamin B12 supplementation was linked to increased vitamin B12 levels in the blood regardless of dosage (p =.031). Individuals concerned they may be vitamin B12 deficient can take heart from these findings. Similar to how there was no drop in blood B12 levels associated with ageing, this phenomenon was not observed in the investigations. age and blood B12 levels are related; so, screening for deficiencies should begin earlier in life

Geometry optimization for pure transition metals structures Ni6 , Co5 , Au12 , Y5 and alkali-transition metals structures Ni6Li , Co5Li , Au12Li , Y5Na at B3LYP level, 3-21G and LaNL2DZ basis sets has been investigated by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) throughout Gaussian09 package. Electrostatic potential, contours, infrared spectra, symmetry, energy gap has been studied for all structures. Total energy for pure transition metals structures is greater than the total energy for alkali-transition metals structures, One can say that the orbitals that generate between Lithium and atoms of pure Nickel structure will be from anti-bonding type. Dipole moment for some pure Nickel structure has zero value because it is homostructure, the other pure transition structures has nonzero values although they are homostructures this is result because of the geometry structures, but the dipole moment for all alkali-transition structures has nonzero numerical values because it is hetrostructures. Energy gap for Y5Na is the smallest value of energy gaps of the structures under study, it approaches to the energy gap of GaAs, this property is very useful in electronic applications such as manufacturing of processors of laptops, Eg of Y5Na = 0.95 eV, Eg of GaAs = 0.8 eV.