Regional Studies Journal

The research tackles the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and its repercussions on Russia. It aims to shed light on a key aspect which is the foreign policy of the major countries towards a country, such as Afghanistan, during the era of the (Joe Biden) government, and Russia’s position and concern about the instability and power vacuum in Afghanistan, as Russia’s relationship with Afghanistan, is not just a relationship between two countries as these are concerns about the situation in Central Asia and the confrontation with the United States. The importance of the research lies in the study of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and the Russian attitude toward the return of the Taliban to power. This will help us to understand the reality of the Russian trend and its desired goals from it. The research included two main topics, the first is the US-Afghan relations and the US withdrawal. The second is the repercussions of the US withdrawal on Russia and its position on the return of the Taliban, with a conclusion that includes a summary of the most important recommendations.

The research included the mechanisms of civil society organizations' activity in plural societies to achieve social integration. Since the phenomenon of ethnic violence is one of the most important obstacles to social integration, the objective of the research was to explain the phenomenon of ethnic and sectarian violence and to clarify the role of civil society organizations in eliminating or mitigating this phenomenon. The research aims to clarify the role of civil society organizations in achieving societal integration through building democracy and consolidating the principle of citizenship. The importance of the research stems from the great importance of the issue of societal integration in multiple societies, as it is a necessity for the presence of individuals within the society. Rather, it is the supreme need for the presence of people within a single human circle capable of building solidarity. The study was divided into three sections. The first one was a theoretical framework in which we dealt with the concepts of the research vocabulary. The second section touched on the obstacles to achieving societal integration and analyzed the theories that explain the phenomenon of ethnic and sectarian violence. The third and final section included the role of civil society organizations in achieving societal integration.

The right to protect children from exploitation, violence and abuse is one of the basic and vital rights that relate to building the human being and that is directly related to building society, hence the importance relates to the suffering caused by hostilities for this group, starting with a lack of education, food and health services, as well as the deterioration of their psychological state. The research aims to demonstrate the impact of hostilities on detained children in addition to their impact on their education and to address them by the laws, procedures and means that a guarantee for the protection of their rights that are defined in national laws and to determine the extent and compatibility with international conventions. Among the most important recommendations that we have reached is a joint international appeal to activate the international mechanisms to apply it on the ground to actually be a means of protection and safety for these children, adopting national laws to protect the rights of children and dedicating the efforts of governmental institutions to rehabilitate children affected by the impact of hostilities, linking them with their families, and working on rehabilitation programs and psychological, physical and mental rehabilitation.

The 2005 Constitution of the Republic of Iraq, after sixteen years of implementation, should urgently be addressed by constitutional reform approaches, in a manner that responds to the changing and evolving needs and interests of the people. The research aims to examine the ways of constitutional reform and to indicate the extent of its possibility to achieve the desired constitutional reform in terms of the availability of reasons for its success and effectiveness. The importance of the research lies in the fact that in light of this political division in Iraq, there appears an urgent need for more studies dealing with constitutional reform in Iraq, and this research contributes to examining the roadmap for this reform. The research included two topics and four demands. The most significant conclusions are that dealing with constitutional reforms must take place within the constitutional amendment under Article (142) to involve all governorates to approve the necessary amendments; due to constitutional and political practices resulted in requirements, and revealed shortcomings and contradictions, and if ideal solutions for constitutional reform are not possible, and cannot be achieved in the Iraqi reality. The situation may change in the future after building trust between all parties and reaching sufficient conviction to implement these solutions. The research suggests adopting a partial, gradual amendment to the issues that constitute a national consensus around them. Postponing what is disputed over to future amendments when conditions are favorable to achieve national consensus around it.

The profession of journalism contributes to the evolution and development of democratic societies, as it is a means of exchanging and disseminating information in addition to contributing to the formation of a public opinion of people on issues related to them. Therefore, the government seeks to regulate the freedom of the press under the procedures aimed at imposing administrative control over journalistic activity and imposing legal sanctions on those who violate the laws the organizing journalistic activity. The administration is moving towards imposing sanctions on those who violate the provisions of the laws regulating press freedom despite the tendency of the Iraqi constitution of 2005 towards giving those who practice this profession more freedom on condition not violating the provisions of the law or attacking the public authorities of the state. The importance of research lies in determining the procedures that regulate the work of newspapers and magazines and the extent of the administration’s control over the exercise of press freedom. The study revolves around defining the meaning of press freedom and the preventive measures regulating it and administrative penalties for those who violate the legislation of public authorities. Therefore, the jurists differed in the legal adaptation of the exercise of press freedom, due to the different political and social systems from one country to another according to the ruling political system.

The phenomenon of drugs is one of the most serious social problems facing society at present, as it has had security, health, and economic dimensions, so the state needed to confront this phenomenon in all possible ways. Iraqi legislation has a great and prominent role in combating the phenomenon of drugs and psychotropic substances by granting the administrative control authorities many therapeutic, preventive, and medical means and activating them to reduce the such phenomenon. The subject of administrative control methods to combat the drug phenomenon is of great importance because it contains preventive control methods to avoid or reduce the damage caused by drugs before they occur, unlike the criminal therapeutic methods that are after the occurrence of the crime. Moreover, highlights the significance of rehabilitative and therapeutic medical facilities in treating and helping addicts, as well as focuses attention on the role of the administrative means of the administrative control authorities in fighting the phenomenon of drugs and some of the applications that the control authorities worked with as curative or preventive means to reduce this phenomenon, such as establishing special centers for the treatment of addicts or special rehabilitation centers to overcome the obstacle of addiction, Therefore, we divided the subject into two sections, the first one is for the definition of drugs and their types, and the second for the preventive, curative and medical administrative control methods in the face of the phenomenon.

The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms has created three bodies to protect the rights it has provided for and to monitor the compliance of States with the obligations it has imposed on them: the European Commission of Human Rights، the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers. The European System for the Protection of Human Rights was radically amended by Protocol XI with the aim of reorganizing monitoring mechanisms and improving the effectiveness of the protection of human rights. The primary objective of the adoption of Protocol XIV is to improve the effectiveness of the human rights protection mechanism in response to the quantitative change in individual applications and to the qualitative change in their subjects، by adding a new standard for the admissibility of individual applications، introducing the single judge system and expanding the terms of reference of the Tripartite Committee of Judges. The research attempts to assess and analyze the developments of the European System for the Protection of Human Rights by examining the mechanism and procedures of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to its jurisdiction to adjudicate individual applications. The experience of the European Union represents a unique one in the current international circumstances، both in the stage it went through and the organs associated with it، and its activity within the framework of the European continent.

The agricultural sector is one of the most vital sectors in most developing countries, as it contributes to providing the basic needs of individuals, foremost of which is food, and employs 40% of the total population. However, the performance of the aforementioned sector does not match the performance of the agricultural sectors in developed countries, the reason for this is that it is subject to the effects of several factors. The idea of the research came to study the impact of these variables on agricultural performance in the selected Asian countries. The research aims to study the influence of the values of agricultural exports and imports, money supply, foreign exchange rate, government revenues, and expenditures on the performance of the agricultural sector represented by the agricultural growth rate, the contribution of agriculture to the gross domestic product, the agricultural exposure rate, and agricultural productivity as approved variables for these countries. The importance of the research emerged from the fact that the agricultural sector is a major source of food products necessary for human survival and also contributes to the supply of foreign currency through its exports or the reduction of agricultural imports and the achievement of local food security. The research included the reality of the agricultural sector in the Asian countries, the reference presentation, and the results of the assessment, and one of the most prominent conclusions reached by the research is that the macroeconomic variables contribute to different effects on the performance of the agricultural sector according to the nature of their economic structures and the efficiency of their systems in dealing with the economic policies that these variables produced in Asian countries.

The study aimed to identify the relationship of emotional intelligence with administrative creativity among academic leaders in Saudi universities, “an applied study on King Khalid University.” The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach, and designed a questionnaire as a main tool for the study. The most important result of the study was the existence of a strong direct statistically relationship between "emotional intelligence" with its five dimensions (self-awareness, self-control, self-motivation, empathy, social skills) and "management creativity" at King Khalid University. The study also presented a set of recommendations, the most significant of which is that academic leaders at King Khalid University should raise the level of effectiveness, improve, and develop their method of performance in administrative activity in a competitive degree with the leadership of other universities. Also, intensifying the holding of special training programs to develop the degree of emotional intelligence among academic leaders at the university, and paying attention to the skills and abilities of managers by investing their emotional intelligence.

The research aims to shed light on the history of the Iraqi Communist Party and its activities in Iraq and the roles that the development of Marxist thought has gone through and to study the most prominent splits that occurred in the entity of the Iraqi Communist Party and how it handled those partitions by reviewing and benefiting from the experiences. The importance of the research lies in following up and analyzing the developments that happened to the Iraqi Communist Party and its political activity and tracking the many splits that occurred in its entity, which were led by the leaders of this party, according to the evolution of political trends and leftist currents on the political scene in the country. The research included three main topics, the first of which involved a look at the communist party blocs in Iraq during the period (1934-1946). The second covered the development of the path of the communist party blocs after the adoption of the Parties Law in 1946, while the third tackled the communist party blocs during the period (1958-1963).