University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

The present study was designed to assessment of melatonin level and genetic aspects of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. The sample includes 80 patients compared with 40 as control group. The results showed a significant increase in levels of serum glucose in patients with DM type 2 compared with 40 as a control group at (p<0.05). The level of melatonin showed a significant decrease in patients of diabetes compared with the control group. The genetic study was conducted to identify the potential association of melatonin receptor MTNR1B gene SNPs with the progression of type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this same locus, four new SNPs were observed and their novelty were proven, including g.10718G>C, g.10863A>G, g.10865G>A, and g.10867T>A, while only one SNP was found to be known, namely rs1431442778. The current results indicated the presence of all of the observed SNPs only in the patients’ samples.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria isolated from wound and burn patients in Thi-qar province and detection of the optimal antibiotic. All S. aureus isolates were tested for their susceptibility to thirteen antibiotics, all S. aureus isolates 100% were resistant to ß-lactam antibiotics to both Ampicillin, penicillin, 91.5% to both cefoxitin, oxacillin, 89.1% to both Vancomycin, ciprofloxacin , iodine and ethanol has reduced 100% the growth of S. aureus and Tobramycin , 78.3% to tetracycline ,67.5% Netilmicin, 64.8% Clindamycin, 59.4% Erythromycin, 45.9% to both Amikacin , Ciprofloxacin and 29.7%Gentamicin while Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were tested for their susceptibility to twelve antibiotics, all isolates 100% were resistant to both Trimethoprim , Amikacin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin, Aztreonam and Gentamicin ,95.2% cefotaxime , 85.7%Colistin sulphate, 80.9% to both Netilmicin, Ceftazidime, 76.1% Ciprofloxacin and 28.5% Imipenem. It concluded from the present study that all isolates of S. aureus were resistant to B-lactam antibiotics and Ciprofloxacin must be the best antibiotic that used against this microorganism.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of an amino acid taurine on gentamicin-induced liver disorder in male rats. Twenty four male rats were used in this study, the animals divided into four groups, each group contained six rats including: G1 normal group, G2 injection IP with 100mg/kg of gentamicin only for 10 days, G3 injection IP with 100mg/kg of taurine only for 10 days, G4 injection IP with 100mg/kg of gentamicin and injection IP with 100mg/kg of taurine for 10 days, The result shows significant increase (p<0.05) in liver enzymes ALT, AST, ALP and significant increase in TC, TG, LDL with marked decrease in HDL levels in gentamicin group compared with normal group. This animal study suggests that the treatment with gentamicin plus taurine protects against gentamicin-induced acute liver injury by a significant (p<0.05) and improvement in the biochemical markers of liver and normalized lipid profiles.

The breast cancer is considered one of the most common types of cancer in Iraq, and in Thi-Qar the infections are increasing annually, it constitutes one-third of all cancer types. The HPVs are highly contagious viruses. The important aspect about HPV infections is their relationship with breast cancer. The HPV has a well-known relationship with other neoplasms in other anatomic sites and may have a role in the development of breast cancer. The HPV 16 and 18, are high-risk oncogenic viruses, and they are the most common types that can be detected in malignant tumors. To confirm the role of papillomavirus in the occurrence of breast cancer and because the absence of a study to identify the HPV genotypes in Thi-Qar province, that is necessary to determine the type of vaccine in the future, therefore, this study was conducted. The conventional PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV DNA in malignant and benign breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes. This study was conducted on 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded divided to 80 samples with malignant breast tumors and 20 samples of benign breast tumor were considered as a control group. The results showed that 37 (37%) of samples divided as: 32 (40%) from malignant tumors, and 5 (25%) from benign tumors gave positive results for HPV with significant differences (p<0.05), and the genotype results showed, that the HPV16 is the dominant high-risk genotype in malignant and benign tumors by positive percentage as 35.

The present study was designed to know the effect of sertraline and fluoxetine on the reproductive abilities of male rats. The experiment consisted of five groups (each group contains of 5 males), the first (control) group was injected (I.P) with 0.25ml of normal saline, the second group was injected with sertraline (10 mg / kg), the third group was injected with sertraline (20 mg / kg), the fourth group was injected with fluoxetine (5 mg / kg) and the fifth group was injected with fluoxetine (10 mg / kg). .The results showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the number of sperms and in the level of testosterone hormone and a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the percentage of sperm deformities in all treated groups when compared with control group. The histologically examination showed that there was changes in the testis including the dissociation of the connective tissue in second and fifth groups, decrease in the number of spermatgonia, and Leydig cells, bloody congestion in third and fifth groups, hemorrhage and necrosis in forth group.

This study included ( 150 ) samples of women used Contraceptives in (Samaraa General Hospital) (30) blood draw pulled from healthy women as Control sample. The samples were divided into three groups; the first group: -(60) women used combined oral contraceptive pill (COCs) the second group: -(60) women used Progesterone Only Pills(POPs). The third group was the healthy women. The results of the study indicated significant numbers decrease in the Concentration of the Potassium Ion at level (P <0.001) and significant increase in the Concentration of the Sodium Ion at level (P <0.001) when compared to the control group. The results revealed significant decrease in the proteins of the blood (Total protein, Albumin) at level (P <0.001)when compared to the control group. while the results showed a rise in the concentration level of Cholesterol, Triglyceride at level (P <0.001)and significant decrease in the HDL when compared to the control group.

Bulk aerodynamic formula (Singh's equations) was used to study the evaporation in the north west Arabian gulf. Evaporation was estimated for the region. The annual averages of evaporation in the area are (mm /yr) for two years (2014-2015) 23, 22 respectively. Evaporation is higher in the region during June, July, August, September and October. The correlation between the humidity gradient (ew-ea) and monthly averages of evaporation were high in all regions being approximately 0.8, whereas the correlation between monthly averages of evaporation and wind speed were about 0.6. The main cause of higher evaporation was the humidity gradient (ew-ea), i.e., higher humidity gradient. These variations were related to the changes in humidity and the wind speed at this location.

The present study deal with measure concentration of Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and selected heavy metals (HMs) (Cd , Pb , Co , V, and Ni) in soil and plant phragmits austriles (cav.) nearby AL-Nassiriya oil refinery during the period extended from winter up to summer 2018 . Some environmental factors such as , pH, salinity‰ , Electrical conductivity (Ec.) and soil temperature were measured , also total organic carbon (Toc) % content in soil was determined, and soil texture was analyzed and both of them expressed as percentage . The result observed that the range of the following factors were : soil temp. ranged from (26-36) ◦c , pH (7.3-7.9) , Ec. (14.3-25.3) µs/cm and salinity (5.1-7.3)‰ , while the value of Toc ranged from (0.7-8.55)% , soil texture was silty soil in control station , but they were sandy soil at polluted stations . The mean concentration of TPHs in soil , St.1 , St.2 , St.3 and St.4 were (16.47 ,14.78 ,12.65 and 1.36) µg /gm dry weight respectively , while the mean concentration of HMs in the soil for both season were Cd (0.78 ), Pb (26.85), Co (26.83), Ni (227.17) and V (95.67) µg /gm dry weight . In plant (shoot and root) part , mean concentration of TPHs were (4.86 and 8 .44) µg /gm dry weight respectively ,whereas the mean concentration of heavy metals in both parts for both seasons were Cd (0.49 and 0.65) , Pb (30.36 and 49.25).

The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in liver and lung of sheep, cattle and buffaloes, spleen of cattle and lung of human infected with cystic echinococcosis (Hydatidosis). The infected organs with hydatid cysts were collected from abattoir of Nassiriyah municipality in Thi-Qar province, southern of Iraq and preserved immediately in 10% formalin solution. The gross examination noticed that liver and lung more affected organs with infection of cystic echinococcosis, also harden area was observed around the hydatid cyst and all these cysts were unilocular. The present study showed that the defensive response of hosts represented by formation of massive fibrous layer which surrounded the hydatid cysts in liver, lung and spleen of sheep, cattle and buffaloes. The fibrosis surrounded the hydatid cyst in lung of human was noticed in this study, also the blood vessels in lung were affected by complications of hydatid cyst. The infiltration of inflammatory cells against expanding cysts was observed in liver of sheep and cattle infected with hydatid cysts. The calcification associated with fibrosis in liver of cattle and buffaloes infected with hydatid cysts was noticed while did not demonstrate in liver of sheep. The degeneration of hepatocytes and enlargement of bile duct was recorded in infected cattle. The histopathological changes in lungs of infected hosts represented by the dilatation of pulmonary alveoli in lung of sheep and cattle, also the cystic echinococcosis is affected on the bronchiole by proliferation of bronchial epithelium in cattle.

This study included isolating, diagnosing and puriflying algae Chroococcus sp. (Blue - green algae) was collected from Al-Garraf River and cultured on ( Ch-10) media (3,5and10)% urea was added in three concentration in addation to control treatment. This study showed the effect of urea fertilizer on the growth rate of algae the use of urea has led to variability in the number of cell in algae . An increase in the numbers was observed in the first, second and third stage of growth. Where recorded low numbers in the fourth and fifth stage of growth. The results showed that the lowest value recorded of Chroococcus was 30 (cells / 100 ml )in the ninth day while largest value was 650 (cells / 100 ml) on the fifth day.

The present study aimed to identify two virulence genes in P. aeruginosa isolated from infected burn wound. Out of 70 burn swabs, 54 (77%) showed positive growth on enriched media which obtained from burn wound at Al-Mussan Teaching Hospital in Mussan province, Iraq. Only 13 isolates (35%) identified as P. aeruginosa, and those isolates examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for detection the exoS and phzS genes. The results recorded that 46% and 77% of isolates have exoS, phzS genes, respectively. We concluded a P. aeruginosa harbor diverse percentages of both genes as virulence factors, and those factors must be increased the pathogenicity of this pathogen.

Aspergillus nigiri presents one of the fungi that can produce the secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial agents, industrial and biotechnological products. Methodology: A. niger was tested against Candida albicans on the same petri dish of potato dextrose agar at room temperature. A. niger was cultured in potato dextrose broth at 27 °C for 7 days. The fungal filtrate was separated from mycelia, and the filtrate was extracted for getting a crude blackish-brown extract. The GC-MS analysis used to identify the constituents of the extract. Results: The filtrate crude extract of A. niger exhibited the antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans GC-MS analysis revealed that the extract contains [(5-methyl-2-phenylindolizine), (thio carbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl, S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester) and (22-beta.-acetoxy-3.beta.,16.alpha.-dihydroxy-13,28epoxyolean-2)].The extract had the toxic effect on a solution of the human red blood cells by using 300 μL of 10 mg/ml after 5 minutes while100 μL and 200 μL of the same concentration did not appear the toxic effects during 1 hour of the testing time period. Conclusions: The extract of A. niger has the ability to produce the antimicrobial activity, so it very needs to separate its constituents into pure compounds for elucidating their chemical structure by using techniques of spectrometry. Then, the compounds can be separately testing against microbial pathogens, human normal cell to determine half lethal concentration (LC50)), and application of other biological tests such as test of LD50. Finally, the identified and purified compounds will be tested by volunteers in order to identify the side effects and toxicity of these compounds to be implemented as drugs for treating diseases in the hospitals.

to assess the soscio-demographic characteristics, clinico-pathological presentations, and important determinant of breast cancer patients counseling breast disease center in Thi-Qar 2018, to study and compare the yearly time trend of breast cancer in Thi-Qar from 2013-2017. Methods: A cross sectional analytical design was used. all women presented with breast mass at defined age, at the time of study, were included. Results: About (59.5%)of malignant masses were moderately differentiated and (32%) of them were poorly differentiated (8.5%) were well differentiated at the time of study, Also about half of patients presents at late stages, while only 10% at early stages , in other word. The age was strongly correlated factor and about 57.5% of the malignancies were above 45. Recommendations : 1.Further studies with different design permit longer duration, are required and preferred to be follow-up type to determine the effect of confound risk factors as age, stress and radiation rather than defined ones, also studies required about response to therapy and follow the complication. 2.Regular programmed screening required to detect the cancer in the earlier stage, and facilitate the availability of screening tools at the health care centers and in peripheries hospitals of Thi-Qar.

We are collected 150 clinical sample from different private veterinary clinics in Basrah province . Included 25 isolates from nasal discharge, 45 from feces , 35 from pus/wound infections, 20 from blood and 25 from ear swab .All isolates were subjected to microscopic examination and diagnosed 4 species of Non- Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB) bacteria based on 47 biochemical tests by Vitek 2 a compact system where the species were 48 strain (32%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 32 strain (21.33%) of Burkholderia cepacia, 31strain (20.66%) of Sphingomonas paucimobilis, 20 strain (13.33%) of Proteus mirabilis and 19 strain (12.66%) of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus . NFGNB results showed antibiotic susceptibility to different antibiotic resistance and susceptibility, where isolates showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia and Proteus mirabilis were susceptibility to antibiotic Meropenem (80% -98%), while Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa least susceptible to Cefuroxime and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (20% – 30%). The bacteria showed Sphingomonas paucimobilis showed resistance to all the antibiotics tested. The current study was carried out with the aim of diagnosing and identifying NFGNB isolated from clinical samples and evaluating their clinical importance and study of antibiotic resistance.

This study conducted to evaluate the interleukin-8 and interleukin- 10 level in hypertension and myocardial infarction patients in the period from March to December 2018 by using ELISA technique. A total of thirty three (33) patients from which (5 women and 8 men) with MI and (7 women and 4 men) with hypertension and a total of 19 (7 women and 12 men) healthy individuals were considered as control group. Resulting in, the mean of interleukin-8 level of hypertension and myocardial infarction patients (416.6 pg/ml) and (433.2pg/ml) respectively, with significant elevation comparing with non hypertension (292.03 pg/ml), non myocardial patients (378.9 pg/ml) and control (123.1 pg/ml), furthermore, mean of interleukin-10 level of hypertension and myocardial infarction patients (320.5pg/ml) and (102.9 pg/ml) respectively, with significantly different compared with non patients and control, where show significant increase mean of interleukin-10 level of hypertension compared with non hypertension patients (260.5 pg/ml) and control (129.4 pg/ml), also show a significant decline mean of interleukin-10 level for myocardial in comparison with non myocardial patients (146.3 pg/ml) and control (129.4 pg/ml). Concluded that interleukin-8 (pro and anti- inflammatory) significantly raised in hypertension and myocardial infarction in coronary artery patients, in contrast, this result observed decrease production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 in myocardial patients.

Complexes of Co(II),Cu(II),Ni(II),Fe(II)and Cr(III) were prepared from reaction between (E)-2-(((4-(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl) imino)methyl)phenol and hydrated metal ions such as CoCl2.6H2o,NiCl2.6H2O.FeCl2.6H2O and CrCl3.H2O characterization by analytical and spectra chemical methods .the metal :ligand stoichiometric ratio is 1:1 n the all complexes.it was determined that bidentate behavior of the ligand is accomplished via the phenolic oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen atom .the presence of water revealed by thermogram and supported by the presence of relevant bonds in their IR Spectra. These new complexes showed a reason able amount antibacterial activity.a ligand was synthesized by reaction (4,4'-Methylenedianiline and Salicylaldehyde. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR), elemental analyses (C, H, N), mass spectral, conductivity measurement, magnetic sensitivity measurement and atomic Absorption. The mass spectrum of the ligand exhibits a molecular ion peak [M]+.at 302 m/z.

Ginseng has been traditionally utilized for several millennia in Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan, not only as a nourishing and tonifying agent but also as a therapeutic agent for a variety of diseases. In recent years, the different impacts of panax ginseng including immunity improvement, blood circulation improvement, antioxidation and anticancer an effect have been reported in clinical as well as basic research. Around the world, there is a trend of the rising utilization of health functional foods on the level of disease prevention along with increased interest in maintaining health because of population aging and the awareness of lifestyle diseases and chronic diseases. But till now, international ginseng monographs including those of the World Health Organization have been based on data on white ginseng and have mentioned red ginseng only partly. Another botanical species, although commonly called Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus), is not a true ginseng. The present monograph will contribute to providing accurate information on panax ginseng to agencies, businesses, and consumers both in Iraq and abroad.

To inhibit corrosion of the AISI 4130 steel in 1M H2SO4 solution at different temperatures, the gemini surfactant was used, namely N,N'-((1,4-phenylenebis(azanediyl)) bis (2-hydroxy propane-3,1-diyl)) bis (N,N-dimethyldecan-1-aminium) (PAPM). The gemini surfactant by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique and weight loss method has been evaluated at different temperatures 30, 40 and 50°C. The gemini surfactant showed a very good performance as a corrosion inhibitor in acidic solution, and inhibition efficiency increases with increase inhibitor concentration but decreased with increasing temperatures. Impedance technique results shown, that studied molecule act as mixed-type inhibitor toward AISI steel, also values of standard free energy of adsorption suggest the physisorption and chemisorption were occurred for inhibitor molecules on AISI surface. In addition, the inhibitor adsorption behavior on the AISI surface was investigated at specified temperatures and it coincide with Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, time effect on corrosion inhibition efficiency was studied where results shown that influence was slight. From quantum calculations, the inhibitor act as soft molecule were noted, also it was shown that the inhibitor more responding for reacting with the AISI surface and prefer the electrophilic attack because it contains on a nucleophilic centers. Experimental inhibition efficiency obtained from both two methods are on a good agreement to each other where optimum efficiency reached 90.32% for weight loss method and 87.17% for EIS technique. On other hand, theoretical inhibition efficiency and experimental inhibition efficiency were in a good agreement to each other, where as theoretical efficiency reached 92.35%.

One of the latest trends in IT sector is cloud computing. It develops the capabilities of organizations dynamically without training new employees, obtaining new software licenses or investing in infrastructure. At present, user keeps and share a high amount of data on cloud, and hence, the security of cloud computing is necessary so that there is no threat to any of the user’s data. Steganography is becoming a standard practice for both cloud users and cloud service providers as a mechanism against unauthorized surveillance. Steganography refers to writing hidden messages in a way that only the sender and receiver have the ability to safely know and transfer the hidden information in the means of communications. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of steganography in cloud computing and compare various studies on the basis of technique selection, carrier formats, payload capacity and embedding algorithm to open important research directions.

We modeled the appearance of scenario in quantum dot chaotic system with different of parameters. The system show chaotic manner .In addition, there is capability to introduce mixture of oscillation sad stability. The most calculation of the chaotic dynamics by the variation of the all parameters without external perturbation, as evidenced by bifurcation diagram. The diagram of capture rate explain increase the percentage of control to the system dynamics.

In this paper, a composite material was prepared with layers of glass fiber. Six layers were arranged with unidirectional angles In addition angles with tilted layers, any symmetrical angle-ply laminate three layers are . In Hand Lay-up¸the composite material consists of epoxy resin as a base material and layers of fiberglass as a reinforced material with weight fracture of 25% and 12%.respectivty The research was carried out in two stages: First, the synthesis of the composite material of the samples were then processed at different temperatures . In the second stage, the three-point bending test was performed on the samples. The results have shown that the composite material is varying with directions. In the orientation of the fibers, the strength reaches at maximum values i.e. the angles While in the direction of the angles The strength at the minimum values and the values of strength between these two extremes, i.e. angles ( ) As for the symmetrical ply Laminated, the strength increases with the presence of the(0°) layer.

In this paper, a highly transparent and conductive Zinc Stannate (Zn2SnO4) buffer layer is integrated between the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer and the Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) window layer to improve the optical properties of (TCO\Zn2SnO4\CdS\CdTe) heterojunctions in CdTe\CdS solar cells. This buffer layer is used to reduce the excess interdiffusion between the window and absorber layers when Ultra-thin CdS window layer, d < 100 nm, is employed, and post CdCl2 treatment is applied at high temperature after deposition of CdTe layer. The fabricated Zinc Stannate (Zn2SnO4) buffer layer was found to have ideal transmission, reflectance and absorption properties which helped in introducing good optical properties in the short wavelengths. It has been found that using the Zn2SnO4 buffer layer enhanced the short circuit current Jsc and the open circuit voltage Voc of the solar cells that used Ultra-thin CdS thickness (80nm) by preventing TCO\CdTe direct contact, and led to improved solar cells’ performance and reproducibility.

It is important to investigate the effect of the irradiance and temperature on the output performance of the solar cell. Hence, it is possible to estimate the I-V and P-V curves of solar panel under different environmental conditions. The present paper focused on single-diode photovoltaic cell model. Our results have implemented by using MATLAB Simulink. It is indicated that a decrease in the output power and output voltage of the PV module due to the increasing of ambience temperature while decrease sun's irradiation . The best performance of solar cells to be in sunny and cold day.