University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

The present study was carried out in the Labs of collage of education for pure science, during period from January 2017 to endDecember of the same year. The immune status investigates for CLpatients by measuring the levels of cytokines (IL6and IL10) in sera using a technique enzyme-linked immune Sorbent adsorptive (ELISA). The study included 120 subjects with (60 CLpatientsL.majar and 60 CLpatients L. tropica with and (30) were healthy control. Increased mean Serum level of IL6 was in the observed in the total patients as compared to control Subjects (224.53pg/ml,70.70pg/ml), the result indicate there was significant difference at (p<0.05) ,such observation was consistent in the patient infected with L.majar and L. tropica (104 .90 pg/ml and 112.78 pg/ml) respectively. The results of the IL10 showed significant difference at (p<0.05)increased of mean Serum level in the total CL patients as compared to control Subjects(226.90 pg/ml 46.77pg/ml,).Ahighly significant difference at (p<0.05) increased observed in patients group infected with L.majar and followed by patients group infected L. tropica (112.78pg/ml and 114.12pg/ml) respectively.These results revealed that the excessive presence of cytokines might play a role in CL patients.

Examination of (35) samples of spices obtained from local markets for the purposes of isolating and diagnosing fungi growing on them. Anine isolates belonging to 13 different types of fungi were diagnosed by the standard dilution method with three replications, and it has been observed that the most samples from which the fungi were isolated is ginger. It was found that the most isolated species of fungi are Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Rizupes spp. A rare colony of fungi was observed, which indicates contamination of the spices under study with the fungus. The present study aims to identify the potential risks of the presence of fungi in spices and what may result from mycotoxins that may be the cause of many chronic diseases as a result of using these spices in large quantities. The study recommends limiting the use of contaminated spices, especially ginger, in preparing food and its uses, in addition to other types such as cloves, black and white pepper, and other types of spices found in the local markets, especially the expired ones.

The present study included extracted Agaricus bispours and estimated proteins and carbohydrates amount in extract then assessment activity of methanolic crude extract of medicinal mushroom A. bisporus as in vitro anticancer by using melanoma-B16 cell line ,and compared with chemotherapy Oxaliplatin and approved reduction toxic effect of chemotherapy on normal cells when exposed to combination between chemotherapy and mushroom extract on normal vero-101 cell line. Proteins and carbohydrate estimation results referred to there are about 219.33 and 412.98 µg/ml respectively. The results showed that inhibition rate of melanoma-B16 cell line was about 82.15% according to cytotoxicity assay test by crystal violate when treated these cells by methanol crude extract of A. bisporus at 1000 mg/ml .But the cytotoxicity assay of using chemotherapy oxaliplatin on melanoma-B16 at 100 mg/ml results appeared that the inhibition rate was 64.52%. The cytotoxicity assay of combination between methanolic crude extract of A.bisporus 1000 mg/ml and oxaliplatin 100 mg/ml results the inhibition rate was 70.04% on melanoma B-16 cell line.Crystal violate cytotoxicity assay of treatments on normal vero-101 cell line results were revealed that non significantly inhibition of A.bisporus extract on normal cells only 5.37%.While chemotherapy oxaliplatin have inhibition rate on vero-101 normal cell line about 65% ,While the combination treatment cytotoxicity assay on vero-101 normal cell line showed that inhibition rate was reduced to 20.35% comparing with cancer cell which was about 65.3%

The present study aimed at investigating of frequency of polymorphism of interleukin-2 gene (IL2) at position+166 SNP) in Type 1 Diabetes and in healthy controls subjects 39 of Iraqi patients, (12 males & 27 females;1 5.65 ± 1.79 years) and 21 controls.(7 mail & 14 female ; 14.66 ± 3.43 years) attended the hospital in Baghdad for diagnosis and treatment during the period February 2015 – January 2016 were enrolled in this study, the polymorphism of IL2+166 was data waved by polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primer (PCR-SSP) assay. The results showed a comparison IL2+166 genotypes & alleles between T1D patients & controls frequencies of TT genotype & T allele (71.69vs. 68.95%;P =0.589 respectively) There was a significant increase in patients contrast to controls, (51.38vs. 48.08%; P =0.312) and associated RR rates were 19.2% & 27.0%, respectively. And the related EF values were 1.56 & 1.60 .Similar observations were made in GG genotype. In contrast TG genotype & G allele (23.93 vs. 28.55%,P =1.000 respectively) Low frequency was observed in patients compared to healthy subjects (43.28 vs. 43.22%; P =0.312), and the related PF values were 0.56 & 0.62 , respectively. The results of the study indicate that IL2+166 SNP may have a role in the mechanism of etiopathogenic of T1D in the samples of Iraqi patients

The current study carried out to evaluate the levels of corticosterone, epinephrine, insulin and thyroxine accompanied induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Therefore, ninty six rats were divided into two main groups: control group which exposed to normal temperature (21±2) °C and second group which exposed to high temperature (40±2)°C each main group subdivided into three subgroups exposed to temperature for one, two and four hours respectively, also each subgroup composed of healthy rats and diabetic rats equally. At the end of experiment blood samples were collected for determination of corticosterone epinephrine, insulin and thyroxine.

Results revealed significant increase in corticosterone and epinephrine and insulin in heat stressed group compared with control group while there was significant decrease in thyroxine in healthy and diabetic rats in heat stressed group compared with control group.Results showed significant increase in corticosterone in diabetic rats compared with healthy rats in both groups ,while the significant increase in epinephrine and insulin in diabetic rats was only in heat stressed group. Results reported significant decrease in corticosterone and thyroxine according to the increase in heat exposure duration, while epinephrine and insulin increased according to the duration. These findings indicated that heat stress may be increase harmful effects in alloxan induced diabetic rats.

The present study was aimed to investigate Rosmarinus officinalis aqueous extract activity in male rats with hyperlipidemia. Twenty adult albino male rats were used and divided into following groups (each group consist 5 rats); negative group received ad libidium, positive group was given normal water containing 0.5% of hydrogen peroxide and 1% of cholesterol in the feed for 60 days for induction of hyperlipidemia. Third group rats with hyperlipidemia and treated with (50mg/kg/daily), fourth group rats with hyperlipidemia and treated with (100mg/kg/daily), The results showede high significant increase (P < 0.05) in levels of cholesterol and triglyceride and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in levels of HDL in positive group compare with control group. Oxidative stress factor in an infected group significant increase (P < 0.05) in levels of MDA (malonedialdehyied) and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in levels of glutathione (GSH) compare with control group. On the other hand, diameters of aorta artery show significant increase (P < 0.05) compare with control group. While, after using Rosmarinus officinalis aqueous extract in treatment, the results showed non-significant changes (P < 0.05) in lipid profile, MDA, GSH and diameters of aorta artery compare with control group. It was concluded that R. officinalis extract has been a protective effect in rats with hyperlipidemia.

The present study was designed to show the potential role of phenolic compounds against the toxicity of Burkholderia mallei. The study used 30 adult male rats that distributed to five groups (each group consist 6 rats); control group that received normal saline, second group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 10 6 cell/ ml. third group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 1 08 cell/ ml. fourth group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 1 0 6 cell/ ml and treated with 250ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. Keywords—component, formatting, style, styling, insert (key words). Fifth group rat injected intraperitoneal with B. mallei at dose 1 08 cell/ ml and treated with 250ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. Sixth group rat treated with 250ug/ml of phenolic compounds for four weeks. The results show high significant increased (P < 0.05) in levels AST, ALT, ALP and MDA with high significant decreased (P < 0.05) in levels GSH, catalase in second and third groups compared with control group. The results of fourth, fifth and sixth groups show non-significant changes (P < 0.05) in all parameters compare with control group when using Rheum ribes. It was concluded that Rheum ribes has been potential role against the toxicity of B. mallei in adult male rats.

The distribution ABO blood groups among patients with breast cancer were as follow: blood group type O (40.8%), blood group type A (25.0%), B (23.7%), and AB (10.4%), for the donor’s healthy control, ABO blood groups percentages were as follow: type O (39.9%) type A (28.1%), type B (22.0%), and type AB (9.9%). There is no significant association between blood types ABO and the breast cancer. (P > 0.05) Rh factor has a significant difference between patients with breast cancer and healthy control (P=0.002). There were significant differences in age categories among patients with breast cancer and controls. (p= 0.000) .

The present study targets the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis that causes a healthy problem among women and rarely among men, by the application of natural product or secondary metabolites extracted from the microalgae Hapalosiphon aureus for the first time in Iraq. methanol extract was explained high activity in three concentration recording 100% of parasite death at 200 µg\ml of methanol extract in about two days while 150 and 100 µg\ml of extract reports activity against the parasite after fourand fivedays post treatment respectively. GC- Mass spectrum of the methanol extract has explain presence of the compound (2- deca - 3,d- dienyloxy) carbonyl benzeoic acid in about 13.28 % from the total composition of methanol extract of microalgae.

Genetic variety examination has demonstrated fundamental to the understanding of the epidemiological and developmental history of Papillomavirus (HPV), for the development of accurate diagnostic tests and for efficient vaccine design. The HPV nucleotide diversity has been investigated widely among high-risk HPV types. To make the nucleotide sequence of HPV and do the virus database in Thi-Qar province, and compare sequences of our isolates with previously described isolates from around the world and then draw its phylogenetic tree, this study done. A total of 6 breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of the female patients were included in the study, divided as 4 FFPE malignant tumor and 2 FFPE of benign tumor. The PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV in breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes, then determined a complete nucleotide sequence of HPV of L1 capsid gene, and draw its phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequencing finding detects a number of substitution mutation (SNPs) in (L1) gene, which have not been designated before, were identified once in this study population, and revealed that the HPV16 strains have the evolutionary relationship with the South African race, while, the HPV33 and HPV6 showing the evolutionary association with the North American and East Asian race, respectively.

This study aimed to illustrate the role of inhibin gene as a candidate gene in women with premature ovarian failure (POF) . In this studysixty women who suffered from POF ; and have menopause at least 8 months after the last period , whose ages range between (20-39) years, venous blood samples were collected from these patients who are admitting to the Children and Maternity Hospital and Al-Hilla teaching hospital in Hilla city/Iraq . Also, forty women with no history of menopause with age range approximately matched to that of patients were included as control group . The genotyping was carried out by using PCR , RFLP and SCCP techniques to identify variants in some of candidates genes associated with POF . So regarding to INHα1 gene , the result showed that there is a significant differences between patients and control groups that related to the presence this subunit .The result of RFLP to investigate the variant in this gene showed that most of patients and all control were homozygous for the wild type G allele , and G allele frequency was (92.8%) in patients group and (100%) in control group whereas A allele frequency was (7.2%) POF patients group and (0%) in the control group . The GG genotypes have frequency (85.7%) in POF and (100%) in control group, whereas the AG was found to be (14.3%) and (0%) in patients and control respectively . The results of INHβA1, INHβB1and INHβB2 mutational screening.

The aims of this work were to investigate the antimicrobial pattern and plasmid profile of different antibiotic resistant Salmonella species isolated from diarrheal children in Thi-Qar province and to find a possible relationship between resistance patterns and plasmid profile. Salmonella isolates were tested against 15 commonly used antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method to determine the resistance Patterns while plasmid DNA was extracted using alkaline lysis method and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. all isolates were sensitive to the Amikacin and Gentamycin whereas all isolates were resistances to erythromycin; the most prevalent pattern included resistance to Nalidixic acid (50%) , Cefixim and Cefotaxim (37.5%), and to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, Amoxicillin- clavulanic acid and Ampicillin (33.3%).Furthermore, many isolates were resistant to Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol (29.1%), Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofurantion (25%) and Azithromycin (20.8%), while only 12% of isolates were resistances to Norfloxacin. Plasmid analysis of clinical isolates showed several large and small plasmids were extracted from (91.7%) of the isolates and some isolates carried one or more plasmids.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of two prepared antigens fromMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA), whichincluded crude alpha toxin (Hla) and heat inactivate bacterial suspension (HIBS) in rats through the examination of the inflammatory response of both antigens on primary and secondary lymphoid organs (thymus gland and spleen), respectively. Examination of sections from spleen of rats treated with HIBS antigen induced high immune response compared with rats treated with Hla antigen which induce mild immune response by established changes. The histological observations on sections from thymus gland of rats treated with HIBS had the ability to induce different changes than Hla antigen compared with control group.

The Giardia lamblia is known as a considerable cause of diarrhea in human. Difficulties are confronted in the detection of that parasite in patients’ faces because of intermittent excretion of the parasite.In this study it was determined specificity and sensitivity of floatation methodby zinc sulphate solution and ELISA assay for Giardialamblia detection compared with direct iodine stain methodAmong 82 patients who were attending AL-Door hospital through period of September to December 2018. The prevalence of Giardiasis was 32.9% and 67.1% was negative. As well this study showed that the percentage of G. lamblia infection was 31.7% by direct iodine stain method, 29.3% was by floatation methodand the sensitivity ratio was 92.3%, specificity was 100%,While 32.9% was positive by ELISA assay and the sensitivity ratio was 92.3%, specificity was 94.6%. Also our study found that the prevalence for Giardiasis depending on gender in this study was 67% for male, 33.3% for female. The results of study were showed the prevalence of infection was 23.2% in age group 8-25 years, 7.3% in 26-35 years and 2.4% in age group 36-45 years. The distribution of infection depends on residencewhich was 20.7% for rural and 12.2% for urban.

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and mean of intensity of two nematodes Tetramerese sp. and Microtetrameresespiralis isolated from some of aquatic birds collected from Al-Sanaf marshes, Thi-Qar province.The pathological effects of these parasites on the tissues of the infected aquatic birds were recorded.TheTetramerese sp. females were embedded in glands of proventriculus of the some aquatic birds including: Ardea ralloides, Egretta garazeta, Nycticorax nycticorax, Himantopus himantopus, Larus genei, Bubulicus ibis, Aredea purpurea and Anas clypeata with prevalence 12.57% and mean of intensity 3.00, while the Microtetrameresespiralis embedded in gastric glands of proventriculus of Bubulicusibis with prevalence 10% and mean of intensity 25.00.Histopathological examination of infected tissues showed dilation of the proventericular gland lumen, atrophy, necrosis and degeneration of the glandular cells of proventriculus

The present study was included to estimate the Concentration and distribution of selected Heavy elements Cadmium, Lead, Nickel and Zinc from water, sediment and two species of plant ( Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllim demersum). Also same physical characteristic of this river in water , samples were collected of three stations in Al-Gharraf River in order to investigates the possibility of pollution in this area with these elements .three station (Al-Fajr districts , Qal'at Sukkar districts and Al-Rifa'I districts) were chosen to execute this study during the period from May 2018 until February 2019. And the high temperature was recorded (13 ٥C in winter to 30 ٥C in summer), pH (7.44 to 7.8) and Turbidity (2.41 to 10.2)NTU. and salinity (0.01 to 0.069) ppt. Also all the heavy metals recorded a significant increase in water and Ceratophyllin demersum plant samples in the winter higher than summer and in the sediments and Phragmites australis plant the rise in the winter was only in the elements nickel and zinc, but in cadmium and lead were concentration low or do not make a big difference in the winter compared to the summer , Where the highest percentage of nickel and zinc in the sediments in the second and third stations respectively reached 86.2 mg / kg dry weight . The lowest concentration of cadmium concentration in water samples at the first station for the summer was 0.0021 mg / L . Where there is a positive relationship between the increase in concentrations.

This is the first study that investigated the microbial factor as biomarker in autistic children and discuss roles of this factor in the pathogenesis of autism. The participants in current study were 145 persons, only 50 sample of stool could collected (35 autistic children and 15 healthy children). Autistic children were attended to autism unit at Disabled Hospital in Thi-Qar province, Iraq during the period from January to November 2016.

The results showed males (81%) more than female (19%) with ratio 4:1 and also results explain the age group of 3-5 years recorded the highest percentage (41.05%). Distribution of autistic children according to sibling showed six were brotherly with occurrence rate 6.3%. Stool samples were subjected to examination and culture.

The total aerobic count of isolated bacteria was 140 isolates. Gram-negative isolates were identified by API Enterobacteriaceae system. The results were Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis with percentage 38.5%, 19.23%, 11.53%,7.69%, and 3.84% respectively. On the other hand, gram positive cocci isolates included Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. epidermidis with percentage 11.53%, 4.80% and 2.88% respectively. A significant difference (P≤0.05) was recorded between bacterial isolates.

Quantity and quality of isolated bacteria (colony/g *104) were done. E.coli isolates were the highest count with 261*104 colony/g while, Staphylococci epidermidis were recorded the worse colony count with 30*104 colony/g. The quality results showed Escherichia coli the most common gram negative bacterial isolates (38.46%). On the other hand, the highest gram positive cocci isolates.

The present study was carried out in the animal house and laboratories of the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Basrah to investigate the role of the administration of vitamin D3 on liver and kidney function of alloxan induced toxic in mature male rats. For this purpose, 48 male rats were divided into 4 groups with 12 animals in each as the following; group (1), animals of were administered with D.W(0.2ml)/day by oral gavages for 6 weeks as control group, group(2) were injected intraperitoneally with 150 mg/kg b.w of alloxan as diabetic group, group (3) were injected with alloxan then administered with 500 UI/kg/day of alpha 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 by gavages for 6 weeks orally, group (4) were injected with alloxan then administer 1000 UI/kg/day of alpha 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 by gavages for 6 weeks orally. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and blood samples were obtained for some biochemical assessment of liver and kidneys.In compares with control, alloxan treated rats recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05)in serum concentration of ALT, AST,ALP ,urea and creatinine, while there was a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in serum total protein. On other hand, administration of vitamin D3 for diabetic rats induced a significant improvement (P≤0.05) of serum ALT, AST, ALP, total protein urea and creatinine.

In this paper, the photo thermal treatment of cancer with Ag nano- particles is studied. The PTT for tissue under the effect of heat by laser source with injection of silver nano- particles on the affected area. Bio-heat equation is solved by the numerical simulation methods. Results are summarized in the effect on the increasing of temperature at different time durations. These results are looked that the depth penetration of laser that lead to increasing heat raising during the increasing the time duration of exposure. Then, it estimated the peak value of depth on limited temperature.

The aim of the study synthesis of new heterocyclic derivatives (six and five ring) from acetanilide. Firstly the chalcones have been synthesized from the reaction acetanilide with aromatic aldehyde [ 2-nitrobenzaldyhade, 4- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde ] in dilute solution of ethanolic sodium hydroxide at room temperature. This reaction occurs depending on Claisen Schmidt condensation, then a new oxazine and thiazine derivatives (six ring) have been synthesized by the reaction chalcones with urea and thiourea. Finally the synthesized chalcones were reacted with hydrazine hydrate to produce new pyrazol derivatives (five ring). All derivatives were characterized by physical properties, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra.

In this work we have investigated thin film blend produced from regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT), Poly(o-toluidine) doped with dodecylbenzene sulphonic (POT:DBSA) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methylester (PCBM) materials by spin coating method for application as active layer in photoactive solar cell (PSCs). A thin film uniform rr-P3HT:PCBM and rr-P3HT:POT:DBSA:PCBM were successfully deposited on the poly (3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) buffer layer substrate. The absorption spectra of the films were studied by using UV–vis spectrophotometer and Raman spectroscopy. the morphology of films is evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) patterns. We have seen that, the efficiency enhancement for the device with a rr-P3HT:POT:DBSA:PCBM film is more significant than for the device with rr-P3HT:PCBM.

The aim of the present study is to synthesize and optical studies of 3,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde [5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]hydrazone metal complexes. Firstly, the 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde [5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl] hydra zone was synthesized by the reaction of the 2-(5-hydrazino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenol with 2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in the ethanol as a solvent . Scondly, its complexes of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Ni (II) have been synthesized. The synthesized coumpounds and its metal complexes were characterized by the FTIR, Mass spectra and UV-vis absorption. The results confirmed the suggested square planar geometry of the Ni (II) complex and tetrahedral geometry of the Co(II) complex, while Cr (III), Fe(III) complexes were assigned octahedral geometrics. The optical absorption spectra of those complexes in the wavelength range from 200-900 nm were studied.The results showed that the optical absorption is due to indirect allowed transitions of the compound and its complexes, the energy gap (Eg) of these compounds decreases in the order L> Ni (II)> Fe(III)> Co(II) and > Cr(III), the absorption coefficient (α), real and imaginary parts (ɛr,ɛi), and optical conductivity (σopt)were estimated.

This study included the use of palm waste such as fiber and tree leaves palm, as low cost adsorbents for removal of Cu(II) and Co(II) from sewage water via preparation of activated carbon. The results are showed that the adsorption equilibrium time was 35 and 45 min for both metals by tree leaves and fiber respectively. The obtained results indicated that over pH (6.5) there is an increased optimum of adsorption for both metal ions. The study showed that (0.4 g) of adsorbent is very ideal to obtain the best adsorption for both studied ions. The capacity of the adsorbents Co(II) to adsorb high than Cu(II).

An alkaline fuel cell, which was developed using nano catalyst (Pt:CNTs) for electrodes. Study has been prepared (Pt:CNTs) nano catalyst, The Structural characteristics were studied through the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the prepared nano catalyst for determining the yielding phase and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), were used to characterize, Mesh stainless steel catalyst substrate had an envelope structure and a large surface area. In addition, study the characterization of the electrochemical parameters. Electrochemical modelling and nano catalyst led to optimization of cell voltage, current & power densities and the results are found to be 1.76 V, 3.9 A.

n this research the diagnostic of optical emission spectroscopy from exploding copper wires have done for different current. By using Boltzman plot can be calculated the plasma electron temperature , and by using Stark broadening can be evaluated the electron density for different current of (75, 100 and 150)A with diameter 0.25 mm in deionized water. It was observed that the electron density decrease with an increasing the current from 75 A to 150 A while the electron temperatures increase for the same current. The plasma has a peak 652 nm corresponding to Hα line for .hydrogen .atoms which obtained from .optical emission spectrum (OES), the peaks belong to atomic copper lines. The plasma electron temperature related with emission line intensity and number .density with the formed copper nanoparticles size was studied

Experimental and theoretical study Porphyrin-grafted ZnO nanowire arrays were investigated for organic/inorganic hybrid solar cell applications. Two types of porphyrin – Tetra (4-carboxyphenyle) TCPP and meso-Tetraphenylporphine (Zinc-TPP)were used to modify the nanowire surfaces. The vertically aligned nanowires with porphyrin modifications were embedded in graphene-enriched poly (3-hexylthiophene) [G-P3HT] for p-n junction nanowire solar cells. Surface grafting of ZnO nanowires was found to improve the solar cell efficiency. There are different effect for the two types of porphyrin as results of Zn existing. Annealing effects on the solar cell performance were investigated by heating the devices up to 225 °C in air. It was found that the cell performance was significantly degraded after annealing. The degradation was attributed to the polymer structural change at high temperature as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.

A communication scheme based on the synchronization of two chaotic quantum dot light emitting diodes is theoretically examined. The Chaos in the quantum dot light emitting is generated by means of a positive optoelectronic feedback technique. Synchronization of the chaos is achieved by varying coupling strength between the transmitter and the receiver as unidirectional coupling. We then test a proposed chaos shift keying communication scheme by successfully transmitting messages.

We propose, an optical identity tag authentication using quick response code with the primary information based on sparse encrypted data. The optical identity tag approved with a high security verification in some purposes such as credit cards and passports. The primary information contained in the identity tag is compressed by applying sparse representation technique to the data of encrypted function. From this proposal, an optical identity tag is implemented for authentication. Only users with correct information can achieve the authentication process whereas illegal users with false information cannot, so that the security of the system is improved. Numerical simulations and results are presented to demonstrate the performance of this optical identity tag. The performance of the system was studied by subjecting the double-image encryption and verification authentication method for occlusion attack. The obtained results explain the system was able to validate the proposed optical identity tags though when it’s under the effect of occlusion.

The nonlinear optical properties of pepper oil are studied by diffraction ring patterns and Z-scan techniques with continuous wave beam from solid state laser at 473 nm wavelength. The nonlinear refractive index of the sample is calculated by both techniques. The sample show high nonlinear refractive index. Based on Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral, the far-field intensity distributions of ring patterns have been calculated. It is found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. Also the optical limiting property of pepper oil is reported. The results obtained in this study prove that the pepper oil has applications in nonlinear optical devices.

Natural dyes were followed and prepared from a pomegranate, purple carrot, and eggplant peel. The absorbance spectra was measured in the wavelength range 300-800 nm. The linear properties measurements of the prepared natural dye freestanding films were determined include absorption coefficient (α0), extinction coefficient (κ), and linear refraction index (n). The nonlinear refractive index n2 and nonlinear absorption coefficient β2 of the natural dyes in the water solution were measured by the optical z-scan technique under a pumped solid state laser at a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The results indicated that the pomegranate dye can be promising candidates for optical limiting applications with significantly low optical limiting of 3.5 mW.

Chaos synchronization of delayed quantum dot light emitting diode has been studied theortetically which are coupled via the unidirectional and bidirectional. at synchronization of chaotic, The dynamics is identical with delayed optical feedback for those coupling methods. Depending on the coupling parameters and delay time the system exhibits complete synchronization, . Under proper conditions, the receiver quantum dot light emitting diode can be satisfactorily synchronized with the transmitter quantum dot light emitting diode due to the optical feedback effect.

The energy states for the J , b , ɤ bands and electromagnetic transitions B (E2) values for even – even molybdenum 90 – 94 Mo nuclei are calculated in the present work of "the interacting boson model (IBM-1)" . The parameters of the equation of IBM-1 Hamiltonian are determined which yield the best excellent suit the experimental energy states . The positive parity of energy states are obtained by using IBS1. for program for even 90 – 94 Mo isotopes with bosons number 5 , 4 and 5 respectively. The" reduced transition probability B(E2)" of these neuclei are calculated and compared with the experimental data . The ratio of the excitation energies of the 41+ to 21+ states ( R4/2) are also calculated . The calculated and experimental (R4/2) values showed that the 90 – 94 Mo nuclei have the vibrational dynamical symmetry U(5). Good agreement was found from comparison between the calculated energy states and electric quadruple probabilities B(E2) transition of the 90–94Mo isotopes with the experimental data .

In this paper a mathematical description for solar radiance falling on the horizontal surface on Iraq (kerbala city) was investigated and compared with real measurements, the city having the position of (E,32° 37′ 0″ N, 44° 1′ 59.99″ ) 32.61, 44.03, the solar radiation as a clean energy source suffering many process that reduce its efficiency to providing many applications with a free source of energy this process mainly due to the absorption, scattering and diffraction of electromagnetic light wave, the results show that there is a major absorption by aerosols, clouds and atmospheric gases produced significantly by CO2, CH4,N2O,CO and O2 due to their size about 10-4 to 10 µm and its concentration in atmosphere, a main relation between the solar harvesting energy and geometrical, data for the position and day time for the sun on site of study, a climate data for the year 2018 used, finally a good identical among theoretical, real, and results obtained from other solar irradiance models.