Journal of Techniques

Shyness is considered mainly a social problem that most of the children suffered from , especially those who handicapped by physical disabilities . The shy child characterized with flee and hide behind his/her mother when the stranger talking to him or to her .He or she may obscure his or her eyes by hands … or does not speak and keep silent .or won’t respond when he or she would has felt shyness. The shyness rate differs from a child to another
There are many reasons latent beyond that . Some of those are ; either handicapped child feeling shy because of the child defects or inherited it from his parents . Finally the child could has acquired it by being isolated by their household whether they alike him / her or older as he or she being on defect . Furthermore the researcher has identified ( 30 ) thirty students as a specimen of Alsaada Institute for physical defects ( physiological ) .
this research where this study is aiming to:
1- identifying the most important reasons cause the handicapped child shyness.
2- Putting forward a number of suggestions for treating this problem
As for most important results for the study and after getting relative weight and rank sequence for each reason causes the handicapped child to feel shy, were:
1- when I fall to ground I feel shy (94)
2- when I\'m in a situation where I must bear criticism and blaming or when other eyes look toward me (78.8)
3- when I receive guests I don\'t know at home or in the institute I feel shy( 78.8)
4- when the teacher make me answer during the lesson I feel shy (77.7)
5- when my request is rejected by others and I can\'t find carelessness I feel shy (75.5)

This in vitro study evaluate the influence of filler maker of four types of composite resin on weight change of these specimens of composite after immersed in natural saliva.
Four samples of each tested materials were placed in plastic cylindrical mold in dimension (4x6x10 mm).Which provided with cover from to same material & device for standardization of composite , The materials were manipulated according to manufactures instruction and accured by astralis light cure device , all specimens were kept in natural fresh saliva was collected daily from person 2 hours after the break fast and , so tested specimen apply on glass container for each type of composite specimen. The specimens were removed from mold and cure . The weight of each sample was measured on Analytics electronic Balance weekly until 6 weeks and record the results.
The weight change of each specimen was determined and the showed statistically high significant difference on weight change with glass inomer resin when comparing with other specimens . and less significant between feltick Z250 and packable composite resin , also less significant Z250 and Z100 composite resin .

A club foot is a congenital malformation of one or both feet, occurrence is about (1-2) cases per 1000 births, with the number of male being twice that of female, In 50% of cases club foot is bilateral. For this reason the researches carried out at Medical Rehabilitation Department of prosthesis and orthosis on (45) child with club foot within age group (0-24) month, from 1/10/2009 till 30/12/2009 by random sample, The researches designed a check list for the following prognosis after treatment .They divided the sample into three group, (15) case treated with exercises only, (15) case used splint only and (15) used exercises and splint treatment. After that data analysis used percentage and chi-square, the result was the significant with the group used (exercises and splint) more improvement than the other group .The researchers recommend ideally treatment should begin immediately after birth and correction he club foot deformity by splint and exercise.

The aim of the present study is to determine the rate of the women who suffer from disease (Trichomoniasis) after the menopause age and if there is correlation between the rate of the disease and the age of the women.
hundred A hundred vaginal discharge swabs are examined which are taken from hundred women of women attended to the Private Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, differed menopause age in order to detect of Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis) parasite. The samples are examined in the laboratory by using 0.5%methylene blue with distilled water (wet stained smear). The results showed that rate of parasite presence is (12%), in the group of tested women. And among the positive cases the rate of (50%) of the women who have been married over 10 years and the rate of (33.3%) of the women who have complained from itching and strawberry color in spot. Finally some symptoms, as itching and vaginal secretion are rated (25%). Statistical analysis of the results are showed that there was no correlation between the age and the rate of parasitic infection.

In this research, attention to exercise treatment by scientists and researchers to determine the effectiveness of those exercises to remove the pain (lumbar area), or whichever exercise is more effective in reducing impact and relevance and its role in the rehabilitation of the injured and their return to the exercise of their normal lives, but the most important objectives of the research is to know the effect of stretching exercises to treat special back muscles and spinal ligaments in eliminating or reducing the pain of lower back (lumbar spine), and suppose of the researcher that there are significant differences in removing or reducing the pain of the lower back (lumbar spine), the research has been conducting on a sample of (6 patients), ages (35- 40) years, who suffer from the pain of lower back (lumbar area), which is not sharp, the study conducted in the division of diseases of the joints and fractures in Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital / Health Mainstay, BAGHDAD – ALRusafa. One of the main conclusions reached by the researcher that the therapeutic exercises worked for increased flexibility in the front of the spine and lower degree of pain significantly and this exercise was effect in increasing stamina for some muscle and flexibility of some other muscles and reduced pain in the lumbar (lower back) to all research sample, the most important recommendations is the need to rely on rehabilitative programs for people with back pain on the progressive therapeutic exercises for the purpose of adapt patient to bear spasticity and stiffness as a result of the pain.

Performing a through disinfection of any dental prostheses before it is transferred to a dental laboratory is the key to prevention of accidental infection of the dentist and dental laboratory personal. This means that a dental prostheses must not only be disinfected on the surfaces but also on the interior material. 12 samples of acrylic plates of 48 mm × 25 mm × 3 mm in dimension were prepared by water bath curing method. The samples were immersed in broth culture of four identified bacteria for 24 hours.
Later on, all the specimens were grouped and immersed in three or different disinfectant solution which were lodophor, chlorhexidine, and sodium hypochlorite. They were prepared and used in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. The control group was normal saline solution. Cultures were made from smooth, rough and interior surface of acrylic samples. Any bacterial growth when existed, was identified by microbiological test. In this study the results demonstrated that bacteria can penetrate acrylic resin plates cured by this technique. However, the only effective disinfectant was 0.525% solution of sodium hypochlorite 10 minute immersion. It disinfect the exterior as well as the interior surfaces of acrylic resin plates of 3 mm thickness

A descriptive study was conducted in (Medical city and Al- Sader) Hospitals from 22/11/2009 to 1/4/2010 in order to assess the nurses role in providing care for dying patients and its relation to some variables.
The sample consist of (40) nurse who were working in these hospitals. The Instrument consists of (28) items, (9) items related to socio-demographic characteristics of nurses and (19) items related to nursing care for the dying patients.
Validity of the instrument was established through a panel of 3 experts in specialized filed. Descriptive(Frequencies, Percentage, Mean of score) and inferential(Chi-Square) statistical procedures were applied to the data analysis.
Results of the study showed that most of nurses was male, secondary school nursing graduated and the majority of them had over 16 years of experience, most of the nurses not given musical support and religious man to reduced the burden of dying patients, and there was significant relationships between nurses who provide nursing care to the dying patients with their level of education and years of experience.
The study recommended that further studies on large sample depend on the observation methods and training programs include spiritual support to the dying patients according to religious beliefs and other basic needs.

The present research aimed to study various types of bacterial species that are considered as a majority cause of contamination to person with bullet injury. One hundred-fifty-patient-injured aged from 20 to< 50 from both male and female .Swabs were taken from wound infection and cultivated on different types of bacteriological media in Microbiology department .Baiker-Al-hakium- teaching Hospital(the old name AL-Nooor ), Al-yarmok teaching Hospital, Al-Karkh teaching Hospital .Patient have no bacterial species in injured bullet .In time =zero ,in time(1) =after 4-7 days from separation process of bullet bacterial culture lead to isolate either two bacterial spp from one patient or only one spp . The results reveals isolation of . Pseudomonas aeruginosa in high rate, from all eighty patients, staphylococcus aureus from thirty patients, Escherichia coli from twelve patients, Proteus spp .from ten patients and Klebsiella spp from eighteen patients. The present study show that the bullet or its particles have ability to penetrate the tissue and remains and the contamination resulted was not from the bullet only but also due to bullet particle like (jacketed) .
Isolation of S. aureus together with Pseudomonas auroginosia (20 cases) E.coli together with Klebsiella (15 cases) and E-coli together with P.aeruginosa (5 cases).
Anti-microbial susceptibility test for both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-Negative bacteria with more emphasis to the third generation Cephalosporines like Cefotaxime(claforan)and Cefxtizoxime for G +ve bacteria and Ceftazidime(fortum) and ,Cefoperazone for G-ve bacteria was done and the most effective antimicrobial agents wereErythromycin,Ampicillin,Penicillin,Gentamycin,Chloramphenicol,Amoxcycillin,cephalexin,Rifampicin,Tetracycline,Neomycin.

The study was aimed to mesure the Lead pollution caused by
1-Industrial effects (Dorah Refinary .General station of electrical generation. Private electrical genaration and other Private small factories)that be contaminated the area .
2-Agricultral effects by using Insectesides and Fertilizers.
3-Human activities was evolved chemical gases .Liquids. Solids wasts or from lekage in sewage pipes
4-Combustion of Benzene fuel used in Motor cars.
The research was done during 2008 in Dorah region in Baghdad city.Dorah region was divided to Commercial.Agricultural .Industrial and Housing parts.
The study was found that the higher Lead concentration in air and in blood and urine of Humanbeing was present in commercial parts ,While the lesser concentration was found in Agricultural parts
The Results was emphasized by measuring the lead concentration in Soils and Plants present on each side of the road.In each part of Dorah regoin.
The Results of Lead concentration in Soils and Plants were appeared that all Dorah region had higher concentration than the Normal Value of Lead in Soils and Plants.
For this reason the study was showed that the Soils and Plants were contaminated by pollution caused by proceeding effect .

This study showed that the effect of desensitizing agent (soother) on the degree of sensitivity of the prepared teeth. Sixty teeth of ten patients were included in the study , and the patients were divided into male and female groups. Temporary crowns and bridge were made for prepared teeth to be used during the stages of the research . Three visits were controller to the patients, the 1st visit should be directly after preparing the teeth and the soother desensitizing agent was applied according to manufacture instruction .Then the test was done by the application of ice sticks and air of dental syringe on the prepared teeth, record the results . The 2nd visit after one week ; by applying a new caot of desensitizing agent and repeat the same procedure in first visit with record the results. The 3rd visit : after 2 weeks and the same procedures had applied , then the results were recorded through the questioner the patient about the severity of pain ( mild, moderate, sever or no pain ).
This study revealed that the degree of sensitivity of the prepared teeth decreased gradually after the application of desensitizing agent surfaces of the prepared teeth and the result showed that
• There is a significant decrease in sensitivity of teeth especially in the 2nd and 3rd visit .
• There is no significant different between male and female in response to sensitivity after applying the desensitizing agent .
Aim of this study:
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of desensitizing agent on the degree sensitivity after crown preparation in vivo study .
This study revealed that the degree of sensitivity of the prepared teeth decreased gradually after the application of desensitizing agent surfaces of the prepared teeth and the result showed that
• There is a significant decrease in sensitivity of teeth especially in the 2nd and 3rd visit .
There is no significant different between male and female in response to sensitivity after applying the desensitizing agent .
Aim of this study:
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of desensitizing agent on the degree sensitivity after crown preparation in vivo study .

Exposure to dog bites is an important public health problem , these bites not only cause increase morbidity and mortality but also loss of workers days and cost for treatment , so a cross - sectional retrospective study was carried out during January (2011) to determine the epidemiological profile of dog bite victims registered in the Anti-Rabies clinic of ( Pasteur Institute ) and who live in Baghdad city during (2010) were reviewed data collection then were analyzed by using simple descriptive statistics .
The results show that the total number of dog bite victims in Baghdad city during (2010) was 1914 , (79.2%) attended the clinic within the first three days post-exposure with an epidemiological profile which consisted mainly of males (88.5%) , people at risk were mainly children under ten years of age (26.8%) , living in Al- Risafa district (66.6%) . Considerable percentage (74.6%) had injuries involved the lower limbs but a clear seasonal variation in dog bite attacks does not exist .
Recommendation was suggested to enhance public awareness through health education , institution of intervention program targeted to control stray dogs and to enhance active animal bite surveillance studies to estimate the true burden of the disease.

Hypothyroidism is a term that means a decrease of circulatory T3, T4 and an increase of TSH hormone.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between secretion of thyroid hormones and sensitivity of immunoglobulins & complement in patients with hypothyroidism.
The study was conducted in Education Laboratories of Medical City during the period between 1/10/2009 -1/7/2011; on 35 patients with hypothyroidism. Their ages' range between 30-40 years (17males & 18 females); compared with 25 apparently healthy control group (13 males & 12 females), their ages range between 25-35 years. Clinically the patients were examined and thyroid hormones (T3, T4 & TSH) were estimated by RIA besides the level of C3, C4 & total serum levels of Igs which estimated by SRID technique. The study showed that there was a significant decrement in T3 & T4 level in comparison with healthy control group. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the level of T4 among both patients' sexes (males & females).
Moreover, there were significant differences in the level of IgG & IgM in comparison with control group. There were no significant differences in C3 & C4 concentrations in comparison with healthy control.
It can be concluded that hypothyroidism results in highly significant reduction in T4 levels which results in highly significant elevation in TSH levels in addition to decrement in IgG & IgM levels (with slightly decrement in IgA , C3 and C4 levels) among hypothyroidism patients in comparison with their levels among healthy control.

A total of one hundred and twenty eight infertile males (age 20-45 years) with genitourinary tract infections were studied. The pus cells in the semen and urine were determined by the direct microscopic examinations, urine culture and semen analysis with culture. Thirty-seven (27.34%) of the patients have had an azoospermia, eighty patients (62.50 %) have had an oligospermia, and thirteen patients (10.13%) have had a spermatic count in the normal range. The common pathogens were isolated from the semen and the urine samples: Escherichia coli (18.35%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.49%), Coaglase negative Staphylococci (13.53%) and Klebsiella spp. (12.56%) respectively. There is a correlation (Cor=0.89) between the isolates from the semen and the urine. Urinary tract infections were acting as a nidus of infection for seminal tract. Antibiotic susceptibility of pathogenic isolates were shown that the Ciproflaxcin, Ceftriaxone, Rifampcin, Gentamycin, and Augmentin (Amoxicillin and Clavulante) as the more effective for the treatment of these infections caused by the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as the severe pathogens. The study recommends that the genitourinary tract infection is one of the possible causes for male infertility; also, before the decision about the treatment it is necessary to determine the causative agents of infection.

Hepatitis is disease of the liver caused by the infectious and non-infectious agents. The aim of study was to analyze the prevalence of HBV and HCV among voluntary blood donors in Mosul, during 2008-2009.The data from blood bank Center for Blood Transfusion of Mosul were collected and analyzed through descriptive and comparative epidemiological method of retrospective study. All samples were tested by ELISA test. Out of 35540 samples of the blood donors, 475were positive. From overall positive samples, 447were HBVpositive, 28HCV positive . The HBV prevalence among the blood donors of Mosul is 1.2 %, while the HCV prevalence among the blood donors in Mosul is 0.07% this level of prevalence is relatively low. Age group 30–39 years old for HBV was presented with55.8% of cases age group of HCV was not significant because sample size was very small .

Nosocomial Infections or Hospital-Acquired Infections is a substantial public health problem in many countries and has been associated with a range of adverse consequences including increase of morbidity and mortality rates, hospitalization time, and the costs on the patients and Hospitals. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of nosocomial urinary tract infection among hospitalized patients, and to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics of the patients and the acquisition of nosocomial infection. The sample of the study included all the patients who admitted to the surgical and orthopedic wards in AL- Salam-Teaching Hospital in Mosul City during a period of four months extending from 30th of December 2009 to 1st of May 2010. The Data were collected through two ways: patient’s demographic sheet in addition to health history through an interview technique for all patients, and urine examination for all subjects in the sample. The study revealed that (33.3%) of the sample acquired nosocomial urinary tract infection at hospitalization, mainly in the third day, also it indicated that presence of an indwelling bladder catheter and suffering from chronic diseases had statistical significant differences in their relation with acquisition of nosocomial urinary tract infections. The study concluded that nursing staff shortage, negligence of patient unit and hospital environment care can be risk factors for acquisition of nosocomial urinary tract infections; and it recommended the increase of number of nursing staff especially in the night shift, taking care of the patient unit or environment as an important aspect of patient care, and further researches about the care provided directed to prevent the acquisition of nosocomial urinary tract infections.

Often found anemia or "anemia" in heart patients, and often it determines a heart failure
Have demonstrated the results of 16 studies conducted in the past that anemia was a major
cause of heart failure or death in the first thirty days for patients with heart attack. It was
found in these studies that a slight change occurs in the percentage of hemoglobin is the
cause of infarction or severe privations of blood to the heart muscle
Objective
To evaluate the ECG changes in patients with Aplastic Anemia
Method
A descriptive study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital during the period from 15th October 2010 to15th May 2011 .A random sample consisted of (50) patient suffering from Aplastic Anemia who were selected one by one from those admitted to the Hamatology Ward . 12 leads ECG and Hemoglobine concentration was carried out on these patients
Results:
The results of the study show that (32%) of patients with Aplastic Anemia with ECG changes and (30%) of them with acute reduction of hemoglobin concentration to 6 gdl with ST- segment depression and the same percentage with T inverted 1mm
Conclusion:
This study indicated that patients with aplastic anemia with ECG (ST segment) changes had higher heart rate than those without ECG changes at the same concentration of Hemoglobin Level (6 gdl)
Recommendation:
Carrying out further research on larger samples and longer period to evaluate the ECG changes in patients with Aplastic Anemia and after discharge

The kidney is one of the organs that are adversely influenced by smoking. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cigarette smoking and the duration of smoking on renal function, as indicated by renal function tests. Two hundred subjects were included in this study, classified into control group (100 subjects healthy males) and smoker group (100 male smokers) were smoking more than 20 cigarette /day. Renal function tests were done by measurement of serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, serum urea and proteinuria which carried out in laboratory of kidney dialysis unit of Ibn-Senna hospital in Mosul, for all subjects. The effect of the duration of the smoking on renal functions was also studied. The levels of serum creatinine and serum urea were significantly higher in smoker group at p<0.001 compared with the control group. On the other hand, creatinine clearance which reflects GFR exhibited a significant decrease in the smokers. Additionally, smoker people recorded a significant increase in proteinuria. The effect of duration of the smoking on renal function did show significantly bad effects particularly above 10 years duration.
The study concluded that, the kidney function is affected adversely in smoker people as indicated by the results obtained by renal function tests, particularly after 10years duration of the smoking

The cases of infertility have increased in women lately. The current study was conducted in order to obtain some indicators about the hormone changes, lipid profile and shedding light on the novel risk factor homocysteine which as considered as predictive and diagnostic factor of infertility. This study included 56 infertile women; in addition to 30 healthy women volunteers represented the control group, the study period was from December 2009 and April 2010. The results in this study revealed a high significant increase (P<0.0001) in BMI and the ratio of W/H in infertile women as compared to control group. The present study referred to significantly decrease)P <0.05) in the level of FSH and LH, and increase significantly (P< 0.0001) in LH/FSH ratio and prolactin.
The present study show highly significant increase (P< 0.0001) in level of homocysteine as a risk factor in infertile women as compared to control group. The results also revealed to non significant increase in the level of cholesterol, TG and VLDL. While there was significant increase in LDL and significantly decrease in HDL. Results of the present study showed that important role of obesity, the increase in BMI, a decline in the level of sex hormones and increase in the level of homocysteine lead to infertility in women.

It is clear that diabetic patients need artificial sweeteners in their food and drinks in order not to increase their plasma glucose level while still enjoying the same taste in their food as the ordinary sugar.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of diet Pepsi, which is available in the local market on the glycaemic index of type 2 diabetic patients.
The data for this cross sectional study were collected from 33 diabetic patients(the age range for whole sample was 33-77 years ,male:19,female:14 ) who were attending to the National Diabetes Center in Al-Mustansiriya University. All patients were having type 2 diabetes and were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or diet alone. Each patient included in this study was in a fasting state (over night fasting), and had not received any medication before the interview. After fasting plasma glucose was measured for every patient, the patients were asked to drink 330 cc of diet Pepsi drink and the plasma glucose level was measured after two hours( postprandial) from drinking that diet Pepsi meal .
The results obtained from this study ,indicate clearly a significant difference between the means of fasting and the postprandial plasma glucose (202±88), (184±75) mg/dl respectively, it was lower for the postprandial plasma glucose (P <0.00001), also the result obtained showed a significant difference among means of fasting plasma glucose and postprandial plasma glucose for male, and female patients,it was higher in female patients (P =0.05) . The decrement in the mean of the level of plasma glucose after taking diet Pepsi was of significant statistical value, which indicates that this product is really sweetened by synthetic sweeteners and has no negative effect on plasma glucose level for the patients who were included in this study.

1- Back ground:The study and follow up of postoperative thyroidectomy patient is important in evaluation of postoperative complications.
2- Objectives: to determine the incidence of postoperative complications of thyroid surgery.
Methods: sixty- six patients with thyroid diseases were admitted to surgical unit, Medical city- teaching center in the period from 1- Oct. 2001 to 1- Oct. 2002. All patients were examined clinically, biochemically. Nuclear scanning, ultrasonography, computed tomography CT were used selectively (depending upon the needs of cases). After operation a careful follow up was done for three days to determine the presence of complications.
Result:the incidence of complications in this study was Tetany six cases (four cases were toxic).Hematoma three cases (all were toxic).Stridor three cases (allwere toxic).Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury twocases (both of them are bilateral and transient in one case goitre was toxic). The mortality rate was zero.
Conclusion:mortality rate following thyroidectomy is zero. The morbidity rate is about 21% in this study, there are four major complications of thyroid surgery- Titany, wound haematoma, recurrent laryngeal nerve injuryand hypoparathyroidism. Sonorography, computed tomography CT scan are helpful in some cases such as retrosternal goitere, when a posterior or accessory nodule is suspected.

The ethanolic extract of Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex. Gaertn) G. Don. (the fruits), was screened for it’s antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from some clinical specimens. Using agar diffusion technique, it was found that the extract posses antibacterial effect.

Adolescents may engage in risky behaviors, develop unhealthy habits, or have chronic conditions that can jeopardize their immediate and future health.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to describe the healthy promoting and risky behaviors of a sample of Iraqi adolescents representative in the Technical Administrative college, Baghdad, (147) students were chosen randomly during January 2011, they were subjected to previously prepared questionnaire, also anthropometric measurements of their height, weight and Body Mass Index, the statistical analysis of the students measurements showed that the higher percentage (68.7%) were with ideal BMI, only (23.6% ) were current smokers, (46.25% ) were physically inactive.The students responses regarding the dietary habits showed that the larger percentage (59.86%) having skipped meals, mainly breakfast, daily consumption of sweats (36%) and fast foods (22.44%).
The good college performance is in (31.29) of the students,(65.3%) plan for post-graduate, also low participation in scientific work (28.5% ) and (38% ) involved in outside college activities.The majority of adolescents (85%) responded to have family support, yet (41.49) are considering themselves stressful. During their free time, the larger percentage (49.65%) is using computer and internet.
The overall routine body check was not satisfactory, especially blood pressure measurement Only in18.36% of adolescents, also regarding measurement of blood sugar in 4% of them.Recommendations was suggested to conduct more extended researches and health education to create the awareness to decrease risky health behaviors

The pka values of a series of 8-substituted – 1-phenylnaphthalene-2- carboxylic acids have been measured in 80% (v/v) 2- methoxyethanol- water at 25°C. In the ionization reaction reversed substituent polar effects were found. The results for the Esterification reaction show similar, but reduced, substituent effects.

In this study, several species and genera of oil degrading bacteria and fungi were isolated from the soil of Al–Rumella region, Basrah, Iraq. These were Staphylococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp., Micrococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Streptomyces sp., Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas putida, Aremonas sp., Nocardia sp. (bacteria), Candida sp., Rhizopus sp., Psidxybe cubensis, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus niger, Pencillum sp., Pencillum chrysogenum, Cunninghamella sp. and Ssccharomyces cerevisiae (fungi). A mutant of P. putida with high ability to degrade crude oil was obtained from subjected this bacteria to UV. radiation.
Axenic cultures of bacteria and fungi, a mixed cultures of bacteria and fungi and a mixed cultures of mutant bacteria and fungus (P. chrysogenum) were added to the soil of Al-Rumella region, was contaminated with Basrah regular crude oil and supplemented with nutrients. Favorable conditions for microbial growth were available.
The ability of microorganisms to degrade crude oil was measured directly by determination the residual oil by spectrofluorometer and indirectly by measuring the amount of CO2 liberated in a controlled system. It was found that a mixed cultures of mutant bacteria and fungus degraded the crude oil more than a mixed cultures of bacteria and fungi. The last cultures can be reduced that the oil pollution better than the axenic cultures of bacteria and fungi. The mixed cultures of mutant bacteria and fungus [P. putida (mutant)+P. chrysogenum] can be used and applied in bioremediation of polluted soils.

The antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) has been evaluated against E. coli and Staph. aureus. Four concentrations were used for each type of extract,(100%, 75%, 50%, 25%).
In the 100% concentration, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of nutmeg were effective against E. coli with inhibition zones of 16 mm and 19 mm respectively, while in the 75% concentration, the inhibition zones were 14 mm and 19 mm, respectively.
Staphylococcus aureus showed a resistant to the 25%, 50%, 75% concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts, while the 100% concentration showed inhibition zones of 12 mm and 13 mm, respectively.

From December 1988 till march 1991, a total of 102 infected patients with Ascaris Iumbricoides of different ages (4-51) years old, sex and economic conditions. They received 15-30 ml of piperazine citrate (75mg/ kg) after 3 hours of light meal. Using the anthelmintic drug piperzine citrate only is not sufficient to expel the whole worms from the gut especially if there is a heavy infection, while using castor oil (after 24 hours from the administration of piperazine citrate) gave best results and there is no necessity for repeating piperazine citrate again.