Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

Spilopelia senegalensis, a species of laughing dove native to Iraq, has successfully adapted to the Kurdistan Region. The world's sub-Saharan Africa, Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and some other Middle East countries were among the regions it settled. The laughing dove first appeared in the middle and southern regions of Iraq in 2005. In the current study, 100 laughing doves (Spilopelia senegalensis), of various ages and sexes, were examined microscopically using blood smears stained with Giemsa. Fecal samples were aseptically taken from the intestines after the birds had been slaughtered and fully bled. Both centrifugal sedimentation and flotation techniques were used to analyze the fecal samples. The results of the investigation showed that 43 out of 100 doves (43% of them) had a plasmodium species infection. We documented that the most infective parasite infection in doves and this will be the first report in Sulaimani Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

oxoplasma gondii, a parasite found extensively in humans and various animals, including domestic poultry, is widely distributed across the globe. Its ability to invade host cells depends on a special combination of cytoskeletal and secretory organelles. Meat from infected poultry, such as turkey and chicken, is widely consumed worldwide and is the primary source of T. gondii infection in humans, however, scant information exists regarding the prevalence of T. gondii in domestic turkey (Meleagris galbpavol) in Iraq. In this study, antibodies against T. gondii were investigated in 38 M. galbpavol randomly from different areas of Basrah Province utilizing the latex agglutination test (LAT) and T. gondii (Toxo) IgM/IgG Antibody Rapid Test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). T. gondii antibodies (LAT) were discovered in 14 (36.84%) of the 38 samples, whereas T. gondii antibodies (Rapid Test) were found in 8 (21.05%), As for the ELISA test were found 7(18.42%) infected. High rates of toxoplasmosis in Basrah Province indicate soil contamination with the Oocysts of parasite, which can be attributed to the presence of cats and turkeys in the same locations. Depending on the present results, the turkey meat may be representing a significant source of human T. gondii infection in the studied area. This is the first study in Basrah province to detect Toxoplasmosis in M. galbpavol by using serological methods.

Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases that causes a great economic loss in most countries, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and those where no eradication programs are applied. The study covered the period of 6 months (Started from February to July 2021) to investigate the prevalence of brucellosis in sheep slaughtered in three districts slaughterhouses of Al Muthanna governorates. A total of 315 blood samples of slaughtered sheep of both sexes (114 males, 201 females), were examined usingof Rose Bengal cart test (RBT), results indicated that, out of all samples tested, (12) of both sexes were found positive reactors (3.80%) including (9) females (2.85%) and (3) males (0.95%). The infection rate of this zoonotic disease varied among the studied districts in the governorate, hereby, the present result represents Al Khudhur, district which recorded the highest infection rate (4.55%) followed by Al Rumaitha district (3.64%), whereas Al Samawah district recorded the lowest prevalence (2.61%). The present calculated results could establish a foundational data base regarding the occurrence of this diseasein the sheep population of Al Muthanna governorates. The current results of the study recommend the need for more detailed study covers the incidence of brucellosis in large samples of sheep annually and isolation of the local bacterial strains in Al Muthanna governorates.

Short- and long-term exposure to sub-lethal copper-sulfate concentrations studied in freshwater fish (Carassius auratus). The blood parameters, such as the content of hemoglobin-Hb and the red blood cells-RBC, were examined. Alanine transaminase-ALT and aspartate aminotransferase-AST levels in the serum were also measured. The 96-hour copper sulfate median lethal concentration-LC50 for the fish (n= 100) was calculated using different concentrations (1–10 mg/l). Two hundred and forty fish were put in 90 l-glass aquariums (10 in each aquarium) (180 fish in the experimental treatments) and (60 fish in the control treatments). Two groups of fish were formed. The first group was subjected to different concentrations of copper-sulfate for one week: 1 mg/l (0.58 copper sulfate LC50), 2 mg/l (1.15 copper sulfate LC50), and 3 mg/l (1.72 copper sulfate LC50). The second fish group received the same copper-sulfate concentrations but for four weeks. The treatment with zero copper-sulfate LC50 served as the control. Three duplicates of each treatment were achieved (A total of 340 fish were used). The results demonstrated that the content of RBC and Hb, as well as the level of the enzymes (AST and ALT), increased significantly with increasing copper-sulfate concentration in both the short- and long-term exposed fish. The current study's findings suggest that sub-lethal copper-sulfate concentrations are responsible for bloody changes and liver dysfunction in fish. The environment's copper contamination can be monitored using these parameters.

Plastination is a method of long-term preservation of biological tissues with a completely visible surface and high durability. Plastinates are devoid of harmful effects like formalin, and they serve as excellent teaching tools in education. In addition, it’s an outstanding tool to study cross-sectional anatomy. The plastination technique has three major methods: silicone plastination, sheet plastination with the epoxy method, and sheet plastination with the polyester method.

Toxoplasma gondii is the most dangerous parasite found in humans and cats. The strong relationship between cats and their owners compelled us to explore the incidence of these parasites in companion cats and genotyping of T.gondii strain of the infected pets. 54 blood samples and 54 fecal samples collected from pets in order to ascertain the prevalence of T. gondii. The GRA6 gene was targeted in the feces and blood of examined pets and the genotypes of T. gondii were determined using the GRA6 gene loci by PCR-RFLP assay. The GRA6 gene amplification showed that 6% of pets were infected with T.gondii. PCR-RFLP assay revealed the predominance of genotype II at a rate 67% and type III at a rate 33% while type I not detected in infected pets. The incidence of toxoplasmosis in domestic felines can cause contamination of environment through excreting of oocyst in the feces which may lead to infection to cat owners specially who taking care of feeding and cleaning of pets.

The present study was conducted at College of Veterinary Medicine– University of Basrah. Ten adult's mature female domestic cats (Himalayan) and five mature males were used in the study to investigated the reference value of some hematological and biochemical parameters at different reproductive status. The cats divided into five periods non-pregnant, pregnant at first, second and third trimester and after parturition (lactation) period, the cat housed in special room in a hotel for cats in Basra city. The results showed non-pregnant cats exhibited normal value of hematological parameters like red blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume. Mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, while red blood cell, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume showed significantly decreased with advanced period of gestation and lactation. white blood cell showed increased significantly in late gestation and lactation periods, serum level of liver enzymes ALT increased in lactation period and ALP increased in third trimester and lactation period. Lipid profile like total cholesterol and triglyceride showed increased significantly in third trimester and lactation periods, urea and creatinine appeared increased in third trimester only. It is concluded that some of blood and biochemical parameters are exchange with advanced period of gestation and lactation period.

E. coli strains isolated from animal feces were subjected to detection of colicin production. The produced colicin was prepared as a disc to serve as an inhibitor for other types of bacteria on Mueller-Hinton agar. The result indicates that the produced colicin has an inhibition effect against Staphylococcus sp. with inhibition zone vary from 1.3 to 2.5 cm. Moreover, the result of electrophoresis of total crude protein after cell lysis with sonication verify the presence of 130kD bands in the supernatant. The results of docking were analyzed and compared to predict the potential binding affinities of the colicin types against the FH VH at lipid П protein.

As a chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat cancer. However, it is linked lung toxicity. Hidrosmin is a man-made flavonoid that reduces inflammation and protects cells from damage. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin with the potential to reduce lung fibrosis. The experiment randomly assigned forty mature male rats into five groups. Group 1: control group with DMSO (5 ml/kg) for 20 days; Group 2: bleomycin intratracheally (5 mg /kg) on day seven of the experiment, Group 3; hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) for 20 days + BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven; Group 4: vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) for 20 days + BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven; Group 5: hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) + vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) daily for 20 days; and BLE (5 mg/kg) on day seven. The experiment randomly assigned forty mature male rats into five groups. The first group got DMSO (5 ml/kg) every day as a control. The second group got bleomycin intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day of the experiment. The third group got hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day. The fourth group got vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on day seven. The fifth group got hidrosmin orally (300 mg/kg/day) plus vitamin C orally (100 mg/kg/day) every day for 20 days and BLE intratracheally (5 mg/kg) on the seventh day.

This study aimed to demonstrate the expected positive effect of Silymarin on the histometrical parameters of the testis in rabbits, which is reflected in the process of sperm production. A total of 30 adult healthy male rabbits, weighted 1500- 1700 g and aged 5- 6 months, were used and divided into three comparable groups according to treatment doses of Silymarin. dentification of germ cells or Sertoli cells is done based on many considerations: the size of these cells, their outline features within the sequences of division, the level of their acrosome, and the shape of their nucleus. The results show that the thickness of the capsule, number of germinal cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells were significantly increased in the first and second groups as compared with the control group, while the average diameter of the seminal tubule was higher in the control group than the treated groups. In conclusions, the silymarin has a very clear effect on the histological measurements in the testicle and the number of cells present in it, which leads to improving the process of sperm production.

A frankincense functional beverage's impact on diabetic rats' ability to maintain healthy blood sugar levels is the focus of this research. Some have speculated that functional beverages may have medicinal properties. In this study, we induced diabetes in rats with alloxan. We categorized the rats into four groups. We administered a raw frankincense beverage orally to one group, and a synbiotic functional frankincense beverage containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) and FOS prebiotics to the other. The remaining two groups served as the negative and positive control groups for 45 days. Treatment group participants showed significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and demonstrated an improvement in gut microbiota after 45 days. compared to control group participants, according to the results. These results provide more evidence that the frankincense functional beverage might be a useful adjunct to traditional diabetes treatment strategies, particularly in the area of glycemic control and the prevention of diabetes-related complications. We need to validate these findings and explore the underlying processes through additional clinical trial-based studies.

The study was conducted at the College of Agriculture / Department of Animal Production / University of Basrah. This study aimed to determine if taurine was used as an antioxidant outside the body; it is a non-essential amino acid that contains sulfur. Its chemical formula, C2H7NO3S contains a sulfonate group instead of the carboxyl group. The antioxidant activity was measured
using the DPPH radical, measuring the scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, the ability to bind the ferrous ion, and the reducing power. The study results showed that the synthetic antioxidant and the DPPH radical of taurine acid had very different antioxidant activities. Moreover, taurine acid has the ability to scavenge and capture hydrogen peroxide and bind ferrous ions, as the results showed significant superiority (P<0.05) over the artificial antioxidant BHT. Taurine also showed a significant increase in its reduced power.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of using feed treated with enzymes on some anatomical characteristics in rumen of lambs. This study was conducted in the animal field/ College of Agriculture/ University of Basrah. Sixteen Arabi male lambs aged 4-5 months and weighted 22.25 kg were used. Lambs were randomly distributed into four treatments, with four animals for each treatment. The concentrated diet was mainly consisting of 54% barley, 30% bran, 10% ground yellow corn, 5% soybeans, and 1% vitamins and mineral salts. Lambs were fed 3% of their live body weight. The studied diets consist of 60% concentrated feed and 40% of roughage without or with the addition of 10 gm of lignin peroxidase enzyme, or 40% of the concentrated feed and 60% of the roughage as well without or with the addition of the enzyme. The groups fed a diet supplemented with enzymes showed significantly high papillary length, breadth, and surface area of the rumen (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The results also showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the amounts of feed consumed and the weight gain in the groups fed a diet supplemented with enzymes compared to the control group.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes infectious bronchitis (IB), a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory, reproductive, and renal systems in chickens. There is no approved drug, and vaccination often fails to protect due to high mutation and recombination rates. This study evaluated the effect of ribavirin on broilers' experimental IB. Diseased broilers with IB were confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The IBV was passed in embryonated chicken eggs three times to propagate the virus. The allantoic fluid (AF) from the third viral passage was used to infect broiler chicks. Fifty-four unvaccinated chicks, 17- days -old each, were used to evaluate the antiviral effect of ribavirin. The chicks were divided into infected (36 chicks) and noninfected (18 chicks) groups. The 36 chicks were divided into four equal groups, and the remaining 18 birds were divided into two groups and kept in a separate facility. When the birds reached 17 days of age, 36 birds were infected with IBV by intranasal administration of 0.2 mL AF. The same day the chicks were infected with IBV, ribavirin treatment began and was repeated twice daily for seven days. On the fifth day of infection, we collected tracheal swab samples from the birds for PCR testing, which confirmed the presence of the IBV virus in all of them. However, we observed no mortality. Our experimental data, including PCR test results, chicks' body weight, temperature, feeding, water consumption, clinical signs, postmortem, and histopathological examinations, showed that ribavirin was
ineffective against IBV.

This study sought to examine the significance of Histophilus somni as a producer of histamine and a respiratory tract pathogen. Conventional bacteriological and molecular techniques were used to examine 200 nasal swab samples for the presence of Histophilus somni and its ability to produce histamine. Out of 200 cattle nasal swabs tested, 25% (50/200) tested positive for conventional biochemical properties and culture. Histophilus somni was found in 70% (35/50) of the isolates that tested positive for the PCR test after culturing. It was found that 20% (7/35) of the 35 H. somni positive PCR isolates produced positive products when the histidine decarboxylase gene was amplified. Cattle that were infected in the first age group (less than one year) had higher percentages of culture (72%; 36/50) and positive PCR results (80%; 28/35), based on their age. Males demonstrated higher culture (82%;41/50) and PCR (85%; 30/35) positivity percentages regarding the impact of sex. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the genders and between the two age groups.