Regional Studies Journal

The central point of the research addresses the nature of Turkish-Indian relations during the era of the Justice and Development Party in the political, economic, military, and security fields. It aims to shed light, in detail, on the course of these relations and the most important factors affecting them. The importance of this topic lies in the lack of Arab studies that dealt with these relations in their various fields, as well as the density of information contained in the research on these relations. The research included a historical look at Turkish-Indian relations in addition to four main axes. The first one dealt with the development of political relations between Turkey and India, the second included economic and trade relations. The third axis involved military and security relations between the two countries. The last axis studied bilateral educational, cultural, and technological relations. The research came out with the result that the issue of Kashmir and relations with Pakistan was one of the most important negatively affecting factors to impede the development of this relationship to reach the level of strategic partnership, besides Turkey's opposition to India's policy towards Indian Muslims, which caused political tension between the governments of the two countries.

Since the early 1960s , for economic reasons, Turks have begun to migrate to Germany in search of jobs through three generations, their numbers have increased to more than three and a half million people and formed 4% of the local population. This gathering of the largest foreign community suffered from many social problems due to the cultural disparity that hindered the process of integration and inclusion in the society. The cultural difficulties of Turks were because of the factor of language and education, and thus the problem of unemployment and poverty resulted from cultural and social disparities. Therefore, this topic is important due to the scarcity of studies about it in Arabic. The research has been backed by many scientific sources such as dissertations, theses, and academic research by Turkish researchers in addition to the articles and news published on the internet. The research included four sections. The first topic covered the Turkish-German relations and Turkish immigration. The second topic involved the social conditions of Turks in Germany, while the third one dealt with their cultural conditions. The fourth topic touched on economic conditions.

Parliamentary interrogation is one of the manifestations of parliamentary oversight of the legislative authority over the executive authority's performance. Its purpose is accountability, accusation, and the effect of it. If negligence is proven, the ministerial political responsibility will move, and then confidence will be withdrawn from the government or one of its members. The permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005, as well as the internal system of the Iraqi Council of Representatives for the year 2007, connected the member’s exercise of his right to submit an interpellation with several formal and objective conditions that ensure that it is not abused by members on the one hand and ensures the seriousness of resorting to it, on the other hand, making it a constructive and serious oversight tool. The importance of the research stems from a statement and clarification of the issue of parliamentary interrogation according to the permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005 because interrogation is one of the most dangerous oversight means in terms of impact and content, where we learn about the nature of parliamentary interrogation in Iraq, its objectives, conditions, procedures, role, and effectiveness in parliamentary oversight. The research aims to shed light on the parliamentary questioning in the Iraqi constitution of 2005 and to show the factors that greatly affected the weak oversight role of the Iraqi Council of Representatives, including sectarian quotas and the absence of political opposition. The research was divided into an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. The first topic dealt with the concept of interrogation and its objectives. The second topic dealt with interrogation under the permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005 and the internal system of the Iraqi Parliament for 2007. As for the third topic, it dealt with the parliamentary interrogation in Iraq for the four electoral cycles. (2006-2021).

Parliamentary interrogation is one of the manifestations of parliamentary oversight of the legislative authority over the executive authority's performance. Its purpose is accountability, accusation, and the effect of it. If negligence is proven, the ministerial political responsibility will move, and then confidence will be withdrawn from the government or one of its members. The permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005, as well as the internal system of the Iraqi Council of Representatives for the year 2007, connected the member’s exercise of his right to submit an interpellation with several formal and objective conditions that ensure that it is not abused by members on the one hand and ensures the seriousness of resorting to it, on the other hand, making it a constructive and serious oversight tool. The importance of the research stems from a statement and clarification of the issue of parliamentary interrogation according to the permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005 because interrogation is one of the most dangerous oversight means in terms of impact and content, where we learn about the nature of parliamentary interrogation in Iraq, its objectives, conditions, procedures, role, and effectiveness in parliamentary oversight. The research aims to shed light on the parliamentary questioning in the Iraqi constitution of 2005 and to show the factors that greatly affected the weak oversight role of the Iraqi Council of Representatives, including sectarian quotas and the absence of political opposition. The research was divided into an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. The first topic dealt with the concept of interrogation and its objectives. The second topic dealt with interrogation under the permanent Iraqi constitution of 2005 and the internal system of the Iraqi Parliament for 2007. As for the third topic, it dealt with the parliamentary interrogation in Iraq for the four electoral cycles. (2006-2021).

The phenomenon of political violence in Guinea is an old one practiced by various political and social forces, whether they are in power, in the opposition, or among the political forces themselves which have had its dangers and effects on civil and social peace. The importance of studying the phenomenon of political violence lies in the fact that it affects the lives of individuals and society, on the one hand, the political system on the other hand, and affects their political, economic, and social affairs. The research aims to analyze the phenomenon of political violence and the conditions leading to it after each electoral entitlement, besides revealing the causes and effects of those repercussions on societal peace. In light of this, the study reached many conclusions, the most important of which is the preoccupation of the ruling authority with internal conflicts against its opponents in other ethnic groups and the attempt to continue ruling which was negatively reflected on the Guinean political, security, social reality, the authoritarianism of the ruling elite, its non-acceptance of democracy and alternation of power as a means of governance.

The study of Iraqi foreign policy must start from the study of the factors that help the state restore the internal foundations of its strength, and then the possibility of shifting towards an effective and influential Iraqi foreign policy in the regional and international environment. Hence the importance of the research stems from the attempt to explain the factors of failure and poor performance witnessed by the Iraqi foreign policy after 2003, and the possibility of developing solutions and treatments. The research aims to test the effectiveness of state-building internally and the extent of its impact on foreign policy, as the impact of internal factors constitutes restrictions on external political performance. The research is divided into three demands in addition to the introduction; the first one addressed the relationship between state-building and its impact on foreign policy, while the second included: the reality of Iraqi foreign policy and the factors affecting it, and the third section explained: towards a new formulation of Iraq's foreign policy. The research concluded with a set of results and recommendations. As for the most important conclusions, it is that foreign policy cannot be separated from the internal environment of the state, and it is affected by the directions of foreign policy by the conditions of the internal environment and the extent of development and advancement it reaches through the foundations of state-building.

Within the Russian political leadership’s interest in the need to revive the Russian global role, its series of military interactions with the Middle East region comes after 2011, to form a vital path of restoring Russia’s role and position in the interactions of the international and Middle Eastern system, after it found in the issues and crises of the region an area that contributes to strengthening the Russian role in the face of Western powers, and helps to stabilize and enhance the Russian economic and military companies with the countries of the Middle East, based on the necessity of reviving the friendly relations that the Soviet Union enjoyed with many countries in the region. For this reason, Russia turned after 2011 to employ its military tools towards the Middle East region through its strong interaction in managing the Syrian crisis and the Libyan crisis, in which it found a way to reinforce its military presence in the region in the context of the competition between it and the Western powers over spheres of influence in the region. Furthermore, adapting these crises to establish the acceptability of Russian weapons to the countries of the region which guarantees the revival of its position in the Middle Eastern arms market which contributes to promoting the Russian presence and effectiveness in managing its interests and objectives in the region.

The research aims to study, analyze and state the significance of the availability of the requirements of the International Accounting Education Standard No. (3) in supporting the professional skills of accountants and their usefulness in practice, including technical and functional, intellectual, personal, and organizational skills in the management of professional cadres, and the research sample was represented by accountants and financial managers working in some Iraqi universities. The researcher relied on the analytical descriptive approach by relying on the design of the questionnaire and its analysis using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). The results of the research showed that personal skills were in the first order in obtaining the highest regression coefficient, which indicates that they are of the greatest importance in supporting and developing the professional skills of accountants. The research concluded with recommendations, the most important of which is seeking to develop the professional skills of accountants and making accountants able to face the challenges required by the labor market at the international level.

The research aims to study and analyze the impact of the standards set by the United Nations Development Office in Iraq on the quality of internal auditing in Iraqi banks. The research sample was represented by internal auditors working in some Iraqi banks; the researcher relied on the analytical descriptive approach by relying on the design of the questionnaire and its analysis using the statistical analysis program (SPSS). The results of the research showed that the standards of the United Nations Office represented in the scope of work, management of the internal audit function, efficiency, and professional care have a moral impact on the quality of internal auditing in Iraqi banks. The research concluded with recommendations, the most important of which is to develop the professional skills of auditors through the nomination of the internal auditor by the bank to participate in courses, training programs, and continuing education courses to promote the performance of the auditor within the bank.