TANMIAT AL-RAFIDAIN

Most modern economic studies agree that domestic and foreign savings are the basis for economic growth and development in developed or developing countries. Achieving the economic stability requires sufficient financial resources to finance productive investment and contribute to raising the rate of growth. The research deals with the problem of increasing capital flows internationally across countries, because of its positive effects on the economy as it enables decision makers to allocate resources more efficiently, and to give more scope to manage risks and respond to external shocks. On the other hand, recent opinions have emerged against it, indicating that the increase in the movement of foreign capital may increase the possibility of sudden repercussions in capital flows that destabilize economies and cause financial crises, for example, the Asian crisis in 1997, and the Turkish crisis in 2002 and the global crisis 2008. The research aims to analyze and measure the possibility of mobilizing capital to solve the puzzle of (Feldstein and Horioka, 1980), and to uncover the main challenges facing Arab countries. The analysis covered eight Arab economies, namely: Oman, Morocco, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain, Tunisia, Sudan, using panel data models for the period 1980-2018 and adopting the Generalized Placement Systems SYSGMM (Arellano and Bover, 1995). The research reached results consistent with the original FH hypothesis, (lower S-I gap with higher capital inflow). And capital mobility causes improvement in economic growth.

This research aims to analyze the intelligent financial qualifications which
can be gain by the financial managers, with its impact to generate new
investment opportunities, at Iraqi small and medium enterprises, these
enterprises have more risks than other especially under Iraqi economic
condition, which improve store market finally. These skills are divided into
two groups scientific and occupational, the researchers use an inductive
approach for literature review to financial intelligent skills. Research data
has been collected by primary data method in some of the academics,
enterprise managers, financial managers, accountant, and auditors, at AlNajaf city. after the hypotheses test, the research finds there is a positive
impact for financial intelligent skills and capital growth opportunities, and
positive relationship between these skills and developing of the securities
market, the main recommendation is to open connection channels with
international stocks market to integrate local market with them, In addition
to the necessity of qualifying financial decision-makers with good financial
skills through periodic training courses, facilitating mergers with foreign
companies, encouraging managers of small and medium enterprises to enter
the stock market and facilitating the procedures required for that

The subject of monetary policy is one of the topics that has received attention
by economic policy makers through its role in achieving stability in all
economic sectors, and the research aims to know the effectiveness of
monetary policy in its impact on agricultural output in Iraq and Egypt for
the period (1990-2017) through the use of Model (ARDL), and the research
found that there are long-term balanced relationships in both Iraq and
Egypt through the statistical (F) test as it reached (2.38) and (1.13),
respectively, as the research results showed that the money supply has a
direct relationship in agricultural output And it has a significant effect in
the long and short term for both countrie

The research focused on testing the role of financial options to in reducing
the risks faced by investors in the financial markets as a result of the
numerous financial problems and crises that ravaged them in recent years.
As one of the most important tools that investors use to reduce the risks to
which they are exposed, the research has examined in its theoretical part
the concept of financial options, the types of options contracts, and their
elements and the motives for using financial options to cover risks and
pricing strategies for financial options. The Black Shoals model was used in
the practical aspect to test the hypothesis of the direct relationship between
the use of financial options and risk reduction. The model has been applied
in the banking sector in the Dubai Stock Exchange and for the year 2019.
For a sample consisting of eleven banks, the research results indicated the
power of the Black Shoals model in pricing financial options and reducing
losses incurred by investors if that their expectations are not correct, and
therefore the research recommends hedging shares against Changes in
stock prices by purchasing financial options and using the Black and
Scholes model in pricing financial options.

Exports are the main pillar on which the national economy depends on any country,
as it contributes to providing permanent sources of foreign exchange that can be
used to finance the needs of the state’s productive apparatus and pay the import
bill values, as well as being an integral component of economic development, and
from this regard our study relied on The hypothesis is that exports contribute and
a positive role in raising the rate of economic growth in a selected sample of
developing countries during the period 1995-2018, and in order to prove this
hypothesis, a number of these countries were chosen that included (Indonesia,
Turkey, Egypt, Malaysia, Thailand and Saudi Arabia) , Has been met Its exports
are in five types: the extractive exports X1, agricultural X2 and transformative X3
and manufactured X4 and electronic X5 as independent variables, and the GDP
values of y in the countries of the study sample were adopted as the variables
approved in the standard models used in the estimation, and time series data were
used in estimating The effect of independent variables on the adopted variables and
for each country separately because of the characteristics and features of this
method that distinguish each country from another according to the nature of its
economic structures and the nature of its policies followed, and in this study a
number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were issued The
sample countries face slowing foreign demand, in addition to the fact that the rates
of trade exchange are in favor of the exports of these countries, and the emergence
of the positive impact of exports on economic growth and in most of the countries
of the research sample. As for the most important proposals, it is to activate the
export sector by directing support to it with various kinds and setting Customs and
non-customs restrictions on importing goods that have similar domestic production
and seeking to reduce the dependence of the sample countries on extractive exports,
as they are threatened with depletion.

The research aims to define the role of strategic Renewal in promoting organizational Innovation among a selected sample of employees of the General Company for the manufacture of medicines and medical supplies in Samarra, The research problem revolves around the difficulty of the success of the competitive scene due to the rapid developments in the contemporary business environment. A hypothetical scheme has been adopted through which the research objectives and hypotheses were defined and the descriptive and analytical method was used in order to reach the results. The questionnaire was one of the statistical methods used to collect data and information related to the field aspect of the research, The views of (25%) of the employees of the mentioned company were explored, and the research came out with a set of conclusions and recommendations, one of the most important of which was the more the company directed the research sample to adopt the strategic renewal whenever it contributed to enhancing the company's capabilities to provide better products to its customers.