Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences

According to this theoretical study which was about loading of piles under different condition of loading (compression and up-lift forces ) and for deferent pile installation (vertical and inclined pile ) by which it called (positive batter pile ) when the inclination of the load and pile is in the same direction and called (negative batter pile) when the inclination of load is opposite to the pile inclination, and from studying these cases the results of analysis can be summarize in the flowing points:

1-Variation of load inclination on piles effects on the bearing capacity and uplift resistance. It was found that bearing capacity of the piles increase with increasing of load inclination up to the inclination angle (37.5ͦ) which represents the maximum bearing capacity and then the bearing capacity decrease with increasing of load inclination.

2- Variation of batter pile affects the bearing capacity of the pile and up-lift resistance. by which equivalent angle will be used as result between the load and piles inclination and this angle will be used in calculation of piles resistance .

3- It was noticed the shape of soil failure is highly affected by the inclination of pile.

The shape of failure for the soil which is in contact with pile and this include (vertical and batter piles) is highly affected by the angle of inclination.

Al-Hussainia sector is the middle sector of Al-Dalmaj irrigation project. In this study, a specified area of Al-Hussainia sector has been selected to be evaluated for its water suitability for irrigation. For Al-Hussainia main drain, the evaluation includes four stages as follows:

1- Chemical evaluation of drainage water, 2-Analysis of drainage water by Aq.Qa software, 3- Leaching requirements computations, 4- Evaluation of the drainage water quality in the specified area of the project using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. For the chemical evaluation, the most important indicators for the salinity problem considered are (Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Sodium Content). The test results showed that there are no harmful effects from Sodium indicators on crops production while there is a salinity problem. The residual sodium carbonate values were zero for all locations. The analysis of the hydro chemical results by Aq.Qa program shows that the internal consistency of the samples was acceptable. It is concluded that the drainage water of Al-Hussainia sector can be used directly to irrigate wheat and barley without reducing the yield with leaching requirement of 0.25 for wheat for all locations while barley needs a leaching requirement of 0.15 for locations 3,4, and 5 a leaching requirement of 0.17 should be provided for locations 1, 2, and 6. For corn crop, the drainage water is unsuitable for irrigation unless it is mixed with irrigation water to eliminate the salinity hazard. However the mixing ratio is0.5 (1:1) for all locations except location 2 where the mixing ratio needed is0.6 (1:2). The three dimensional spatial analysis using the GIS software (Arc Map V. 9.3) showed that the final model of the study area is of permissible irrigation water quality.

This work encompasses studying the effect of different contents of Co on Al-Si alloy with Sb modification prepared by stir casting method. The content of Co is varying from 0 to 1.2wt%, The effect of Cobalt on microstructure, micro hardness, tensile strength and wear rate were studied extensively. The results show that the intermetallic compounds was increased with the increasing of Cobalt content .The Co-bearing compounds presented as small block shape at first and gradually turned into dendrite or fish bone shape. The addition of Co has appositive effect on tensile strength of the Al-Si alloys that used in the current research, the maximum tensile strength was (177MPa) when Co content was 0.9%Co at room temperature as well as wear rate were studied in this paper and noticed that the addition at 0.9%Co had the better effect at low and high load(5N),(10N).

This research deals with the choice of the suitable filler metal to weld the similar and dissimilar metals (Low carbon steel type A516 & Austenitic stainless steel type 316L) under constant conditions such as, plate thickness (6 mm), voltage (78 v), current (120 A), straight polarity. This research deals with three major parts.

The first parts Four types of electrodes were used for welding of dissimilar metals (C.St A516 And St.St 316L) two from mild steel (E7018, E6013) and other two from austenitic stainless steel (E309L, E308L) various inspection were carried out include (Visual T., X-ray T., δ- Ferrite phase T., and Microstructures T.) and mechanical testing include (tensile T., bending T. and micro hardness T.)

The second parts done by used the same parameters to welding similar metals from (C.St A516) Or (St.St 316L).

The third parts deals with welding of dissimilar weldments (C.St And St.St) by two processes, gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) and shielded metal are welding (SMAW).

The results indicated that the spread of carbon from low carbon steel to the welding zone in the case of welding stainless steel elect pole (E309L) led to Configuration Carbides and then high hardness the link to high values ​​compared with the base metal. In most similar weldments showed hardness of the welding area is higher than the hardness of the base metal. The electrode (E309L) is the most suitable to welding dissimilar metals from (C.St A516 With St.St 316L). The results also showed that the method of welding (GTAW) were better than the method of welding (SMAW) in dissimilar welded joints (St.St 316L with C.St A516) in terms of irregular shape and integrity of the welding defects, as well as characterized this weldments the high-lift and resistance ductility good when using the welding conditions are similar.

This research is to find a wetness using the (laser beam) optical Forward Scattering Method (F.S.M.) which is applicable to calculate the wetness in a convergent-divergent De-Laval steam nozzle operating (1.3 Mach number) which may be works at wet steam with pressure (1) bar and temperature (373) K .The light source of He-Ne laser of wave light (λ=0.632) µm was used to prediction the wetness in nozzle a wet steam flow. Both droplet diameter of water (Dr) and relation of intensity of light S= / are assumed to be (Dr=10,30,50,70,100 µm) and (S = 0.9,.0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5 ) respectively. From the relation of light intensity pattern of many diameter droplet of water (Dr) and different droplet size distribution N (Dr), the MATLAB program can calculate the light attenuation coefficient (Ks) consequently. The increase of the droplet size distribution, N (Dr), leads to decrease the values of (S) and (Ks). The increase of the droplet diameter causes increase of the scattered light, and the minimum value of scattering light is with (Dr= 10µm) for the tested samples. The wetness of steam (yₒ) = (1,3,557,10) % ,which depend on the [Dr, N(Dr)] in the scattered zone can be determined easily by the MATLAB program. The radius of droplet water in two – phase can be adversely calculated by using the research output that then the concentrations or wetness is previously specified.