University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

In order to perform a selective isolation of bacteria tightly bound to the human gut, ileal biopsies of healthy
volunteers were treated to wash out the mucus layer and loosely bound bacterial cells. Rod-shaped, anaerobic bacteria that had remained attached to the epithelial cells were isolated and identified at the species level by biochemical tests.
One isolate was identified as Bifidobacterium breve, while all the others were Lactobacilli of only two species,
Lactobacilus mucosae and L. gasseri. Members of these species were found previously along with many others in
intestinal samples but their predominance among bacteria strictly associated to the epithelium, as shown here, was not suspected before and suggested that these species may represent a specific sub-population of tissue-bound bacteria. A series of physiological tests was performed and indicated that all isolates were able to produce antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens and survive simulated gastric conditions. All isolates were able to grow and produce biofilm in intestinal fluid after exposure to gastric conditions. Those isolates can be proposed as potential probiotic strains for human use.

The coelomocytes of Lumbricus terrestris have been isolated &described by used simple &modified method, ,the
viability of isolated cells were (85%), and to diffrentiate the type of cells, stained by Leishmans stain,have been
observed the more type cells which (granulocyte&neutrophile).All cell types, produce pseudopodia and are capable of phagocytosis. The phagocytotic activity of the coelomocytes to engulf. Killed yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assessed in vitro and compared with phagocytic cells(polymorphic nuclear cell) isolated from human, was found the phagocytosis process increase with time the capacity of human phagocyte to excel in phagocytosis compared with coelomocyte was (86.1% , 67.1% ) respectively.

The aim of the current work was to study the histological structures of glandular stomach, the proventriculus and
compare it in two types of Iraqi wild birds according to differences in diets. The birds are, Laughing dove, Streptopelia senegalensis which comprised the grainivorous bird and white breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis which comprised the carnivorous bird. The results exhibited that the wall of the stomach (proventriculus) of two birds consists of the four layers of typical tubular organ: tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa. The tunica mucosa of two birds consisted of three layers, epithelium, lamina properia and muscularis , the free surface of two birds is covered with circular plicae modified from of the mucosa, The surface lining cells of this folds in both of birds is simple columnar with clear cytoplasm. The lamina propria is constituted by connective tissue with blood vessels and lymphocitary infiltration. As well as simple tubular glands. Notice that these glands are lining by simple columnar in white breasted kingfisher while simple cuboidal to columnar in laughing dove. Muscularis mucosa was a smooth muscle fibers, appears scattered along the lamina propria in laughing dove surrounds the apical part of deep proventricular glands, and extend inside the proventricular folds and entirely around the deep proventricular glands in white breasted kingfisher.
Submucosa layer occupy most of the real area of the proventriculus wall containing numerous deep proventricular glands that occupy great part of submucosa. This layer is thicker in kingfisher as compared with laughing dove.

The present study aims at using the gene expression as biomarkers in the identification of the biological effects of low and high doses of ionizing radiation (X-ray) in white mice Mus musculus Balb/C, ages 4-6 weeks, weight 30-40 grams. Seventy- two white mice (36 males and 36 females) were divided into two groups; their whole body was exposed to 5 cGy (rad) and 100 cGy (rad) of X-ray radiation at a dose rate of 200 cGy/min, in addition to the control group. Total RNA was successfully isolated using Trizol method from blood and liver samples of mice after 6, 48 hours and 10 days of exposure to radiation as well as of the control group. The RNA concentration was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring their absorbance using nucleic acid and protein analyzer that dependent on the ratio A260/A280 of the wavelength which lead to the determination of RNA purity, it ranged from 1.79-2.1 in all mice groups. RNA integrity and quality were confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Three bands such as 28s, 18s and 5s appeared in a visible manner. This study involved the reverse transcription (RT) of the RNA for the manufacture of complementary DNA (cDNA) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for investigation on above –mentioned groups of animals. Complementary DNA was used in amplification of genes used in the present study, one type of specialized primers were selected for the gene as X-Ray repair cross complementing group 4 (XRCC4).

The present study was designed to investigate the possible effects of fluoroquinolones (Norfloxacin,
Ciprofloxacin, and Enrofloxacin) on some biochemical and histopathological changes of liver in pregnant female rats (Ratus norvigicus). 40 pregnant rats weighing 175-185 gm, and 10-12 weeks old in age, were divided equally in to control and three experimental groups. Control group treated with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) at a dose 0.5 ml/animal/day while the experimental animals treated with oral doses of (700 mg/Kg b.w. of Norfloxacin, 550
mg/Kg b.w. of Ciprofloxacin, and 750 mg/Kg b.w. of Enrofloxacin, all groups were administered these substances
from the day 1 till the day 15 of gestation. Dissection was performed on day 15 of gestation after 4 hours from the last dose. Results revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in total protein content in serum of the treated groups (NFX, CPX) when compared with control, while ENX treated group showed a decrease in total protein but not significant. Assessment of globulin in all treated groups showed a significant decrease as compared with the globulin of control. Histopathological changes in liver sections of these females were in the form of dilatation of central and portal vein, and sinusoidal spaces, congestion in blood vessels, degenerated hepatocytes with necrotic nuclei. These results revealed the toxic effects of fluoroquinolones on the livers of pregnant female rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of apricot and dexamethasone on rabbit eye ulcer. Bilateral corneal ulcers were induced by a filter paper disk (4mm diameter) immersed with NaOH (1N) on central axis of cornea in 20 rabbits. These animals were divided into two groups as follows; the first group, the corneal ulcer was treated with dexamethasone eye drops 0.1% twice daily while the second group, the corneal ulcer was treated with water extract of apricot 2% twice daily.The clinical signs of corneal ulcer were evaluated by ophthalmoscope and fluorescent technique.
After killing the animals, the corneas underwent routine histopathological examination on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after treatment. Dexamethasone shows improvement in corneal ulcer through increasing the vascularization and infiltration of cells; also it causes an increase in congestion in blood vessels but increases thickness epithelium while the apricot group shows thick corneal epithelium associated with inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that apricot was good in treating for eye ulcer.


The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of apricot and dexamethasone on rabbit eye ulcer. Bilateral corneal ulcers were induced by a filter paper disk (4mm diameter) immersed with NaOH (1N) on central axis of cornea in 20 rabbits. These animals were divided into two groups as follows; the first group, the corneal ulcer was treated with dexamethasone eye drops 0.1% twice daily while the second group, the corneal ulcer was treated with water extract of apricot 2% twice daily.The clinical signs of corneal ulcer were evaluated by ophthalmoscope and fluorescent technique.
After killing the animals, the corneas underwent routine histopathological examination on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after treatment. Dexamethasone shows improvement in corneal ulcer through increasing the vascularization and infiltration of cells; also it causes an increase in congestion in blood vessels but increases thickness epithelium while the apricot group shows thick corneal epithelium associated with inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that apricot was good in treating for eye ulcer.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of apricot and dexamethasone on rabbit eye ulcer. Bilateral corneal ulcers were induced by a filter paper disk (4mm diameter) immersed with NaOH (1N) on central axis of cornea in 20 rabbits. These animals were divided into two groups as follows; the first group, the corneal ulcer was treated with dexamethasone eye drops 0.1% twice daily while the second group, the corneal ulcer was treated with water extract of apricot 2% twice daily.The clinical signs of corneal ulcer were evaluated by ophthalmoscope and fluorescent technique.
After killing the animals, the corneas underwent routine histopathological examination on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after treatment. Dexamethasone shows improvement in corneal ulcer through increasing the vascularization and infiltration of cells; also it causes an increase in congestion in blood vessels but increases thickness epithelium while the apricot group shows thick corneal epithelium associated with inflammatory cells. These findings indicate that apricot was good in treating for eye ulcer.

A new nitrogen sulphur Schiff base has been prepared from the condensation 1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethanone with 2-
methylbenzyl hydrazinecarbodithioate. The ligand was reacted with Ni(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) metal salts to form new
coordinated complexes. The new 2-methylbenzyl (2Z)-2-[1-(pyridin-4-yl)ethylidene]hydrazinecarbodithioate ligand and the new metal complexes were characterized via various physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques and based on the data analysis the metal complexes are expected to be octahedral in geometry. The Schiff bases and their complexes were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. [Cd(NS)2] displays strong activity against the bacteria strains and cytotoxicity while the other compounds shows moderate and weak activity.

Three ligands have been prepared by condensation of dithiooxamide with 2,4,5- trimethoxy benzaldehyde, 4- dimethylamino benzaldehyde and Vanailin. These ligands are named N,N- bis( 2,4,5 – trimethoxybenzalidene) dithiooxamide(LH1), N,N-bis(4-dimethylaminobenzalidene) dithiooxamide(LH2) and N,N-bis (vanaillidene) dithiooxamide(LH3), respectively. Complexes of LH1, LH2 and LH3 were prepared with 1:2 M:L molar ratio, with copper ion in the formulas [Cu(LH1)2(H2O)2] Cl2.H2O.0.5CH2Cl2, [Cu (LH2)2(H2O)Cl] Cl.H2O and [Cu (LH3)2(H2O)2] CL2.H2O. The ligands and their complexes have been characterized by IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy Magnetic, conductivity measurements, thermal analysis and atomic absorption technique. Biological activities of the Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been evaluated against two types of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus ).

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of intramuscular administration of Glutathione (100, 200, 300
mg/person) daily for 3 months on seminal fluid analysis parameters prepared by simple layering technique and
centrifugation swim up technique in infertile subjects affected with oligoasthenozoospermia. Thirty infertile men
enrolled in this study and semen samples were analyzed before and after injection with Glutathione and semen
processed by standard semen parameters. Furthermore, sperm concentration, sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm agglutination, and normal sperm morphology were evaluated according to standard WHO criteria (2010). For preparation technique, sperm prepared and incubated for 30 minute in 5% CO2 at 37ºC. The results of the present study indicate a highly significant (P<0.001) differences in all sperm functions after injection with Glutathione in all infertile patients and concluded that sperm functions improved and enhanced whenever increase the dose of antioxidants and the simple layering technique gave the best results as compared with centrifugation swim up technique. Further studies are recommended to assess the detrimental effect of CSUT on sperm DNA damage and embryo quality after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)

The current study was designed to determine effectiveness of sildenafil citrate (viagra) on lipid profile of normal
and experimentally induced diabetic male rats, the current study was carried out on (36) mature male mature rats, they were divided randomly into six equal groups, 6 of each group. The first group was administrated orally with (0.2 ml) of normal physiological saline (0.9% Nacl), the second group was injected (IP) by (0.5 ml/animal) with alloxane (125 mg.kg-1) , the third and fourth groups were administrated orally with viagra at doses (4 and 8 mg.kg-1), respectively, while the fifth and sixth groups injected (0.5 ml/animal) with alloxane (125 mg.kg-1), after one week, the (fifth and sixth) group were administrated orally with viagra at doses (4 and 8 mg.kg-1), respectively. The experiment was continued for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, the blood samples were collected and the serum concentration of total cholesterol (T.C.), triglycerides (T.G.), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and atherogenic index were determined in the serum. The results showed a significant increase in the serum level of T.C., T.G., LDL, VLDL and atherogenic index to the normal and diabetic rats treated with viagra and decrease in HDL concentration of the normal and diabetic rats administered with viagra when compared this two groups with control and diabetic groups respectively.

A new endemic species . Helitropium muricatum Abbas Sp. Nov is deseribed from Iraq

The alcoholic extract 70% of the leaves of Withania Somnifera was dried and percentage of extract 8.3 were used
.Incomplete freunds adjuvant was used to induce arthritis in mice 0.1ml of this adjuvant was injected in the right tarsal joint. The mice were divided into four groups, the first group were treated with alcoholic extract 500mg/kg body weight (T1), the second group was treated with diclofenac sodium 3mg/kg body weight (T2) and third group was treated with distilled water (T3), the fourth group used as a control group (T4) non induced non treated.Vernier calipers was used for measuring the diameter of the joint. The mice in T1group showed a significant decrease in the diameter of tarsal joint of right leg as compared with mice in T2, T3 and T4 groups. The hematological results of mice in T1 group showed significant increase as compared with T4 group. While inT2 and T3 groups showed a significant decrease as compared with T4 group .The histological results showed that the joint of mice in T1 group showed no inflammatory response in the membrane of joint. The joint of mice in T2 group showed inflammatory cell infiltration while the joint of mice in T3 group showed fibrous connective tissue proliferation with mononuclear cell infiltration in the membrane of the joint

The present study was inducted to show the effect of aqueous plant extracts and chemical compounds thiosulphate ammonium (ATS) and hydroqenone (HQ)upon Ammonia volatilization which added 10% .20% respaicvtily from urea weight after 40 days of fertilizer adding .accoding to close system. The results were appeared significantly reduction at 0.01 level volatilization ammonia quantity for urea treated with the extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensrs Dehn L. , Myrtus communis L, Phoenix dactlifera L, Oryza sativa, Cynodon dactylon L.Pers HQ and ATS30.320, 32.045, 26.761, 29.643, 29.980, 32.061 and 31.165 Kg NH3 Ha-1 compared with the control treatment that was 36.633kg NH3 Ha-1 .All treatments of the plant extracts were significantly difference with (HQ and ATS) treatments and with themselves at level probably (0.01) except MYrtus communis L. treatment was not significantly difference with HQ treatment extract ,An amount of ammonia volatilization increased significantly when increased the levels of Nitrogen (100,200,and 300)kg N Ha-1 were (24.485 , 31.670, and 37.075) kg NH3 Ha-1 to all levels respectively .

The present study was conducted to indicate effects of the Nassyria Thermal energy power plant on Euphrates river in Nassyria city - south Iraq, in four selected stations along a distance of 10 Km with in Euphrates river during the period Autumn 2010 to summer 2011. The investigation included the physical and chemical properties of water as well as concentration and distribution of some trace elements( Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in both dissolved and particulate phase for the water and sediments, Moreover , sediment texture and total organic carbon (TOC%) were also investigated. This study showed that the concentrations averages of Cd, Co, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in dissolved phase in water were (2.22 , 5.55 , 125.9 , 7.21 , 22 , and 10.03) μg/L respectively, while their concentrations in particulate phase were (16.67, 106.22 , 8496 , 146.43 , 1608.46 , and , 625.3) μg/g dry weight respectively. In sediments, the concentrations averages of trace elements they were (7, 30.76, 1633.75, 78.1, 192.75 , and 135.88) μg/g dry weight respectively. The statistical analysis didn't show a significant correlation between to most element in sediment and sediment texture in addition total organic carbon. Trace elements recorded were varied seasonally. The highest concentration among trace element was Fe and lowest concentration was Cd in both water phase and sediments, and the present study recoded value of trace elements in: particulate phase < sediment < dissolve phase.

A study was conducted on some physical and chemical properties of some marshes water ( Abu - Zurik , AlSanaf and Al- Adel ) at Thi - Qar governorate to know the changes that were happened on the ecological factors of water. Water samples were collected from the studied marshes along one year from January to December 2010 . The study were included the estimation values of ( pH ) and concentrations of electrical conductivity (EC) , total dissolved solid (TDS) , total hardness (TH) , dissolved oxygen (DO) , chemical oxygen demand (COD) , turbidity (T) and the concentrations of positive mineral ions ( Ca+2 and Mg+2 ) and negative ( Cl -1 , PO4 -3 , NO3 -1 and SO4 -2 ) that were estimated by mg / l . The results of the study were showed a difference on the marsh water properties during the months of the year , and a clear differences between water properties of the studied marshes were noticed also , it was found a clear significant differences between water properties of its water . From the study it was illustrated that , water of the studied marshes trended to alkalinity and high salinity percentages and semi hardness that was not suitable for drinking and other uses for humanity depending on their studied properties , which were the concentrations of its properties that measured more than the ecological limited concentrations of the suitable water for uses to human .

Present study was carried out to evaute the effection of the different temperature degrees (20C,25C, 30C), in the
level of contamination of attacked and non – attacked legume seed with Cowpea weevil with aerobic bacteria and
stored for two generations. Results showed that attacked and non attacked legumes are contaminated with the
bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, S. epdermidis and Pseudomonas aeurginosa in three temperature degrees.
Differed contamination level quantitative types of bacteria above depending on temperature was the highest rate for
the preparation of the bacteria when the temperature is 30C in cowpea seeds reaching 782875 × 103 cells / g and the
lowest rate was in the seeds of chickpeas when degree heat 25 C and of 515 × 103 cells / g . For dates sampling has emerged that two weeks after the appearance of the first generation in temperature 30 C distinct from the rest of the
appointments reaching 7705666 × 103 colony / gm while the 8845 and 221273 × 103 cells / g after the appearance of
members of the second generation of degree heat 20 C and 25 C on respectively.

This study was aimed to evalute the efficiency of Biological control agents Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis and 10% Diazinon lnsecticide to Control the big Cucumber fly Dacus lonigstylus on melon plant. The
result showed that the effect of treatment Diazinon 10 %+ B.t + B.b , Diazinon 10 % + B.b , Diazinon 10 % + B.t, Diazinon 10 % ) gave high mortality of pupae that reach 100 % comparing with other treatment in the lab . The result showed also significant different between the treatment of Bacteria and Fungal suspension on the adult insects in lab.
the percentage of infaction where 73.33 و 63.33% respectively during 48 hrs, while there is no significant difference between them in the farm which there percentage of the infection will %13.3و% 10. While the treatment B.t + B.b +Diazinon , B.t + Diazinon , B.b +Diazinon , Diazinon and B.t + B.b gave less lnfection rate that reach 3.3 , 3.3, 3.3 , 6.7 and 10 % respectively comparing with 26.7 % of control treaement in the farm.

The present study includes epidemiological survey for giant liver fluke parasite Fasciola gigantica in immolated buffaloes in slaughter house of Nasirriya city in Thi-Qar Province. The period of study extends from the beginning August 2008 up to end of July 2009. A total of 323 buffaloes were examined with percentage of whole infection 142(43.96%) and intensity of whole infection 17.5. The highest percentage for whole infection in buffaloes is in November 71.43 % and the least one is recorded in August 23.53 %, while the highest intensity of infection is recorded in April 47.91 and their least was in August 5.25 and the significant difference (P<0.01) is found in percentage and intensity of infection in buffaloes during the month of the year. The rate of liver infection percentage in buffaloes 43.96 % is higher than rate of gallbladder infection percentage 7.12 % in all the months of the year. Significant differences are observed in the percentage of infection in both liver and gallbladder during the months of the year (P<0.01). The infection intensity of liver in buffaloes is higher from gallbladder infection intensity in all months of the year with significant differences (P<0.01) except April and May.The age has an influence on the
percentage and intensity of infection in buffaloes.

The present study was achieved during the period September 2009 – Jane 2010 to detected parasitic infection in digestive tract among cows rearing at Al-Fyha station in Babylon province. Daring the above period, a total of 82 faecal samples were collected from cows aged 0.5-5 years, these sample were examined directly by iodine tincture and flotation by using Zink sulfate to detected protozoa (trophozoites and cysts) and worm eggs. The result of the study exhibited that the detected parasites in digestive track of cows was protozoa only, the rate of infection with Giardia parasite was 25.60 %, while it was 29.26 % with coccidiosis

f male rats that treated with cow's livers infected with Fasciola gigantica . The first part have been treated with temperature (100) centigrade while the second did not treat to heating . The treatment of male rats with livers treated and non treated by heat caused histopathological symptoms in testis tissue performed haemorrhage, necrosis in spermatogenic cells , splitting among seminal tubules , sperm modicums , congestion with hyper pigmentation . Similarly, the spleen showed histological changes involved degenerative in the cells of spleen, necrosis in some lymphatic tissues , congestion of blood vessels , red pulp fibrosis and hyperpigmentation . From other hand, the treatment with camel's milk was improved in histopathological changes. While, the severity of histopathological
changes was decreasing that caused by using of sweating of livers infected, the treatment by camel's milk was highly effective in the improvement the changes and repair the histological damages .

This study had been designed to investigate effect of asbestos suspension in Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis in Laboratory mice. The results of is study showed a significant decreased in spermatogonia , primary spermatocyte And elongate spermatide ,with reducing in diameter of seminal tubules and thickness of Germinal mass in male of mice which treated with asbestos suspension when compare with control group which treated with normal saline . The results of the present study revealed a significant decrease in number of follicles ( small, middle , large) and the
corpora lutea in female mice which treated with asbestos suspension when compare with control group which treated with normal saline.

This study was conducted to determine the role of extract of Olea europea L. to reduce the negative effects of cyclophosphamide in some biochemical, oxidation aspects. male rats divided into three groups first group injected
with distilled water was given ip. The second group injected ip with cyclophosphamide at dose (50 mg / kg) for 14 days the third group was given also drug with the dose (50 mg / kg) for 14 days then treated animals were given extract at dose (300 mg / kg) for 14 days. Samples of blood were collected and isolated serum , the parameters in study were included lipid profile (total cholesterol ,high density lipoprotien ,low density lipoprotien and triglycerides) ,enzymes( GPT, GOT, ALP)and glucose also included anti-oxidant(Glutathione) and lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehayde). Results showed a significant increase in enzymes (GPT, GOT, ALP), LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride and malondialdehyde in while appear significant decrease in glutathione, glucose and HDL in drug injected group compared with the control group. While the extract treatment group caused decreased significantly in enzymes (GPT, GOT, ALP), LDL, TG, Cholesterol and Malondialdehayde, while show results increase in glutathione, glucose and HDL compared with drug injected group. concluded the ability of aqueous extract of Olea europea L. to reduce some of the negative effects of drug cyclophosphamide in white rats.

Antioxidants studied extensively for its ability to protect the cells of living organisms from oxidative damage, and confirmed a lot of researchers mention of grape seed and green tea as effective against the oxidation process. Was obtained extracts alcoholic plants grape seed and green tea, for the purpose of formula extracts of medicinal plants and contain components of this formula 125mg of extract alcohol to grape seed and 125mg of extract alcohol of green tea with the addition of a number of vitamins (A,C,E).Having examined the toxic effects of three different
concentrations of formula (50, 100, 200 mg) on laboratory mice by oral dosage within a month of the experiment . The results indicated that there were no significant differences at the level of ( p<0.05) for concentrations of alcoholic extracts of grape seed and green tea to induce chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index , mention the results on any effect toxicity dose used compared to control animals .

The present study incorporated the effect of milk of camels in histopathological changes in some organs(kidney and liver) of laboratory male rats that treated with cow's livers infected with Fasciola gigantica .The first part have been treated with temperature (100) centigrade while the second did not treat to heating .The treatment of male rats with livers treated and non treated by heat caused histopathological were caused different histopathological symptoms in kidney tissue performed haemorrhage among glomerulouses, necrosis of kidney, absence of glomerulouses, enlargement of space Bowman's capsule, closed, degenerative, hyperpigment and hyperplasia of renal tubules, aggregation inflammatory cells and fibrosis. The results indicated aggregation of inflammatory cells infiltration, degeneration of hepatocytes, enlargement of sinusoids, congestion of the central portal vein, besides fibrosis, edema
statuses. From other hand, the treatment with camel's milk was improved in histopathological changes. While, the severity of histopathological changes was decreased that caused by using of sweating of livers infected, the treatment by camel's milk was highly effective in the improvement the changes and repair the histological damages.

A study was conducted on the effect of irrigated saline water in some physiological properties for two species of cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.). This study was included the effect of salinity concentrations (3, 6, 9 and 12 ) dS / m of salt solution of (NaCl) , in addition of distill water as a control on the carbohydrates , plant pigments (chlorophyll and carotene ) and percentages of water content and dry matter in shoot system of two plant species .The results of study were shaved , that , the increase of salinity concentrations causes an increase on the concentrations of carbohydrates and decreases on the concentrations of plant pigments ( chlorophyll A and B and total chlorophyll and carotenes) and the percentages of water content and dry matter in the shoot system of the two plant species and it was found a significant differences between them .

A study was carried out during the mansoon 2006-2007 at Al-Nassiriyia province, Thi-Qar governorate toestimation the chemical component of the vegetative parts for Jujube Ziziphus spina-christi L. Wild.Var. spinachristi and Banber Cordia myxa L. plants.The Results can summarized as following :- Young leaves of Banber were giving the high percentages of water content (84.415%) whereas fruit ranches of Jujube which was one year aged giving the low percentage (42.600%).Dry matter content in fruit ranches of Jujube which was one year aged were giving the high percent (57.400%) but the younger leaves of anber were giving the low percent (15.585%).Total ash on the both mature leaves of Banber and Jujube produced the high percent (4.289%) but the low percentage found in the younger leaves of Banber and fruit branches of Jujube which was less than one year age. Whereas the high percentages of Phenols (Tannins) were ported in the fruit branches of Jujube which was less than one year aged (14.177%),and the low percentages were found in the fruit branches of Banber which was one year aged and youngerleaves of both plants. Total roteins in younger leaves of Jujube were the highest (16.043%) and the low percentages
were found in the fruit branches of Banber which was one year aged (6.043%).The highest value of total Saponins was found in the younger leaves of Banber (7300.000 μg/100gm dry weight) but the low percentages
(2933.330μg/100gm dry weight) were found in the mature leaves of Jujube.

A comparative physiological study was conducted on the salt tolerance of two plants from Leguminosae family were kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cow pea (Vigna sinensis L.) , the study was including the effect of
different concentrations (50 , 100 , 150 , 200) mMol / l of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt solution in addition of distill water as a control treatment , in the germination of seeds and concentrations of total sugar , reduced sugar , sucrose and starch , also the study included some chemical and physical properties of the used soil in the agriculture were the moisture of field capacity , the percentage of saturated humidity , soil texture , the value of ( pH ) and ( EC ) and the concentrations of some mineral ions (Na+, K+, Ca++ , Mg++ , Cl-,HCO3-, CaCo3= , SO4=, CO3=, PO4≡ ) , organic carbon and organic matter . The results were showed that , the increases of salinity concentrations causes a decrease in the percentages of seed germination of the both plants , the high percentages of germination were noticed at a control.