Journal of Education for Humanities

The transformation of the Arab tribes in search of water and pasture and leaving the remnants of the homes tampered with by the winds and the factors of erosion formed a scene for the poets of the pre-Islamic period, and they prolonged standing at it and weeping over it. In the search for the real reasons that explain this important phenomenon in Arabic literature, as the opinions of some of them came in agreement at times and divergent at times, and this research presents the most prominent of those critical opinions, trying to judge them to abstract logic at times and to poetic texts at other times, so that we can reach an existential concern that haunts poets while they are They contemplate the scenes of execution practiced by time on places without the meanings that these places carry, representing the source of inspiration for poets and giving them space to contemplate the sanctuary of life, reinforcing what we have reached with various poetic texts.

The aim of this study is to investigate what is time and its techniques as one of the most important elements of narrative style. The letter book was chosen, which includes a set of letters exchanged between Mahmoud Darwish and Samih al-Qasim as a field for research, because these letters represent an important role in the construction of narrative discourse. It is known that narrative arts are among the most stuck in time . In turn, time is an important focus in the construction of narrative text, So it is contribute to enriching the text with artistic and aesthetic techniques that increase the enjoyment of reading text, Which actually produces the manipulation of time، Those Messages were A new narrative field In Which we Can by Applying Those Technologies to it, Where the messages are full of it.

This study deals with the ring and its engraving as a symbol of power. It was taken by the political bosses since ancient times and the path of the last rulers of the Muslims from the caliphs on this matter, following the example of the Messenger (PBUH), who took a ring and engraved on it his name and description (Muhammad is the Messenger of God). Official and personal, and they engraved on them what they wanted of inscriptions and eloquent expressions that embody the meanings of faith, trust in God, submission to Him, and reliance on Him in life.

This study deals with; Folk beliefs related to the child in the Mosul folklore, which the researchers intended through this approach to identify the most important of those popular beliefs, and to understand the wisdom that calls the members of any society; Especially members of the Mosuli community, resort to such popular beliefs
The importance of this study lies in the value of popular beliefs, as they are a kind of intellectual creativity rich and full of meanings. The importance of this study increases with the severe scarcity of folklore studies by studying the various elements of folklore and popular culture
The study relied on the descriptive approach to identify the most prominent features of the phenomenon under study.

The goal of current research is to knowing the effect of educational -Learning design according to the Jigsaw strategy and its impact on mathematical proficiency and algebraic proof skills in the field of complex numbers.
The researcher used the experimental design a post-test for two groups unequal (experimental and control)، a real experimental designs (True Experimental Design).
Select the research Population sixth class science students in public schools for boys for the academic year (2019-2020) m in Diwaniyah province / Directorate General of Educational Center of Diwaniyah، chosen secondary Qoutaiba Boys random sample of Population schools.
The sample of the research consisted of (57) student (Boy) in the fifth class scientific in Secondary Qoutaiba for boys located in province Qadisiyah، they are distributed randomly into، experimental number was (29) Student(studying using design Teaching – Learning according the Jigsaw strategy) and the control number consist of (28) student (studying using ordinary method) .
The two research groups were equalized in the variables (age، intelligence، previous knowledge in mathematics and previous achievement in mathematics).
The experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2019 - 2020)، the two research groups were studied by the researcher. And (9) items of the type of objective questions distributed over the sub-domains. As for the fifth domain، the productive tendency may be a scale of productive mathematical tendency consisting of (33) items on a five-point scale (strongly agree، agree، neutral، oppose، strongly disagree)، if the graduated weights were given. The following are (5، 4، 3، 2، 1) respectively. As for the second tool، the algebraic proof skills test، the number of its paragraphs was limited to (24) items.
The researcher used the some statistical tools both in research procedures or in the analysis of the results، including (t-test) for the samples independent، and equation of difficulty and discrimination، effective alternatives، Alpha Cronbach Equation، Cooper Equation، Pearson correlation coefficient and T Pearson .
The results of the research show that students who have studied by design Teaching – Learning according to Jigsaw strategy were better than the students who have studied by ordinary method in the mathematical proficiency and algebraic proof skills، and the results showed the presence of a moderate positive relationship between mathematical proficiency and algebraic proof skills at the significance level (0.05).
In light of the results was reached a number of conclusions and recommendations and suggestions.

The additive is a clear manifestation of interpretation, as the mean of additive intended in study is the additive in the grammatical context and the resulting meanings and semantic. The additive is not devoid of meaning or useless, but is either emphasis and strengthening the meaning, or the verbal advantage in which the decoration of the pronunciation and the fact that it is more eloquent comparing to some methods, or its preparation of speech to straighten the rhythm of verses, or otherwise, and the additive in the Efsah book was limited to verbs and letters as kana ' ma, Ba letter, kaf letter , faa letter and it was useful for emphasis.

This study aims to examine the problematic of the ego and the other in the poetry of the creative Libyan poet Abdel Hamid Bataw.
It is a relationship that is governed by several factors and results in behaviors that we try in this study to monitor and stand on images of them and analyze them through poetic texts and clarify their implicit connotations that reveal in many aspects of the complex self crisis and its struggle with its surroundings in harmony and lack thereof.
The study examines the suffering of the ego and perhaps its failures, which resulted from many paradoxes between the ambition it wants and a reality that contradicts it with the complexities of a reality that cannot be easily changed.
Perhaps we realize that the ego and the other are dualistic, if the equivalence, compatibility and coherence between its poles are disturbed.
And the poetic “I” emanates in its creativity from awareness of the poetic experience that is supported by the self after its overlap with the elements of life and its vocabulary that expresses the poetic experience.
Sartre says: I need the mediation of the other in order to be what I am.
The ego is the mirror of the other, and the other is the mirror of the ego, and one of them does not recognize himself except through the other, and there is no meaning for the existence of one without the other, and this is what we are trying to highlight in the production of the creator.
We found them Ichaoran and Atjazbn, disagree and agree. As long as they keep each other. They are poetry and the self, two worlds, one does not live without the other. It is the unified ego with its poetic world in the creative poet, and this is what we try to highlight in this study.

The research revealed the importance of the historical approach in treating poetic texts, as well as the critical discourse that dealt with al-Qasim’s poetry according to this approach. The research relied on the critical analysis of the critics who dealt with al-Qasim’s poems historically and collected these opinions and compared them to their truth. The historical curriculum needs resources other than the creative text, in order to document the historical incidents that the poet mentioned in his poems and to ensure that they are dated and correct. Therefore, critics who adopt the historical method need historical cultural and historical sources and are not satisfied with the creative text alone.

1. Ibn al-Atheer - may God have mercy on him - noticed that competence is the basis for presenting what was arranged by delay, and this does not mean that it is the only purpose, but rather there are other purposes mentioned by other rhetoricians.
2. The introduction of what is the first to delay is contrary to eloquence, which is a condition for eloquence, and Ibn al-Atheer mentioned it to guard against it, and the rhetoricians mention it in what violates the eloquence of speech under the title (verbal commentary).
3. One of the most important scholars that Ibn al-Atheer was influenced by is al-Zamakhshari, who transmitted many of his views, as well as by Ibn al-Jani.
4. The introduction that is not related to grammar has many forms and is not limited to what Ibn al-Atheer mentione -May God have mercy on him - but he opened the door for rhetoricians to study this section of the presentation and take care of it.

The addition of conceit with the data of the proverb as a way to better show the intended meanings, in addition to the fact that the presentation (salaa allah ealayh wasalam) of the issues raised by embodying or diagnosing the situation because it is a means of presenting these intellectual and technical data of the proverb is added by the fact that the conceit lies in the realization of thought and the accuracy of inference in linking certain relationships It came to mind that they were similar, as well as achieving the transition of the mysterious meaning to the clear in a lively and eloquent image that affects the souls, which enables the confirmation of the meaning and its determination with evidence and proof. In order for the text to gain its effectiveness and artistic beauty in order to influence the recipient by convincing the justified idea and enjoying the imagined image.
The explanation was given in the likes of the noble Prophet (salaa allah ealayh wasalam) in the context of the consistent description of the manifestations of the foreign creatures in the form of the tangibles close to the familiar environment of the surrounding environment in the foreign creatures, in which the Prophet (salaa allah ealayh wasalam) was observed near the era of the recipients of Islam.

The aim of the current research is to build a situational measure of anger and then measure the level of anger among students of the University of Mosul and to identify the differences in the level of anger according to the variables of gender (male - female) and grade (second - fourth) specialization (scientific - human). 600) male and female students from the University of Mosul, distributed over (24) colleges. The two researchers also built a scale for measuring anger, and the apparent validity of the scale items was verified by presenting them to a group of experts. The scale’s validity and stability were calculated. Statistically significant within the variable of specialization (scientific - human) in favor of the human specialization and the absence of statistically significant differences within the variable of gender (male - female) and grade (second - fourth). In light of the results, the two researchers recommended the following:
1- Conducting a media campaign about emotional discharge strategies for students in order to avoid anger, and the two researchers suggest conducting the following studies:
1- Conducting a similar study on cognitive interference and its relationship to anger among secondary school students.
2- Conducting an experimental study on the impact of an educational program to reduce anger among students of the University of Mosul.

The importance of the pledge of allegiance to women comes through the evidence of the pledge of allegiance in general in the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah. The pledge of allegiance to women is mentioned in the books of history, genealogy, biographies, hadith, jurisprudence and interpretation. Islam has given a great role to women pledged allegiance through their pledge of allegiance on many aspects of their religious, social and political life.
The study dealt with clarifying the objectives of the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, pledge allegiance to women by achieving the testimony of monotheism, including women in the Islamic da’wah, and acknowledging the responsibility of allegiance in Islam, as well as building a straight society with sound moral foundations, and establishing a just system of governance with the participation of women through enjoining good and forbidding evil.
I also dealt with the similarities and differences between the pledge of allegiance to women and the pledge of men through several methods that the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, substituted for shaking hands with women, including: speaking, swearing allegiance to women over the cloak, and deputizing the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, in the pledge of allegiance, as well as testing and questioning, and immersing the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace May Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and the women hold their hands in a bowl of water. In addition to mentioning women's individual and collective sales.

This family was considered one of the families that grew up in the homes of the Ansar and was characterized by science and knowledge, so they were narrators of the noble hadith, the biography and the Maghazis, and they held administrative positions, including the mandate of Amr bin Hazm on Najran. Madinah district and also in the matter of collecting and transcribing hadith in the era of Caliph Omar bin Abdul Aziz, who ordered one of the sons of this family to collect hadith from the narrators.

The research aims to identify the impact of the DRTA strategy on analyzing literary texts and developing serious creativity among fourth year middle school students. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher developed a hypothesis to identify the effect of the DRTA strategy in analyzing literary texts for the fourth year middle school students, and it relates to the average of the experimental group and the control group in the literary text analysis test. As for the research sample, it was randomly selected from the research community and it consisted of students of the fourth preparatory grade (Homs Preparatory School for Girls) and (Al-Tahrir Preparatory School for Girls) in the city of Mosul for the second course of the academic year (2020-2021), and the sample number reached (65) students and distributed It was divided into two experimental and control groups, with (30) for the experimental group that studied according to the DRTA strategy, and (35) for the control group that studied in the usual way.
The researcher used the experimental method and conducted the parity process between the members of the two research groups in a number of variables, which included: age in months, the degree of the Arabic language for the first course, intelligence quotient, and the educational attainment of parents.
To achieve the goal of the research, it was required to build a test tool to analyze literary texts as a research tool. After preparing the teaching plans and the tool, the researcher applied the experiment electronically through the educational platforms in the second course of the academic year (2020-2021) and extended from 4/22/2021 to 6/15/2021 and continued for a full course, and the literary text analysis test was applied 6/15/ 2021 on the two research groups, and after data collection and statistical analysis, the results showed the following: There is a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group who studied according to the DRTA strategy over the control group who studied according to the usual method in their ability to analyze literary texts. In light of the results of the research, the researcher came out with a number of conclusions, including that the (DRTA) strategy had a role in improving and raising the ability of fourth-grade literary students to analyze literary texts and create serious creativity.
 

The research dealt with the most important human factors and their role in influencing the movement of goods and merchandise in the first Abbasid era ، which witnessed a prosperous economic activity in that era، but it was not far from the impact of these factors، foremost of which are wars، strife and disturbances، and the factors affected the movement of goods Which caused a scarcity of these goods and merchandise in the market، which caused an increase in their prices. Trade relations also played a positive role، which was reflected in the diversity of goods and merchandise in Baghdad markets in that period، and Baghdad accepted merchants from all sides. In addition to the fact that other factors and the economic in particular also played a vacillating role between what is positive and what is negative. The poor financial management of the state had a very big impact on the movement of goods and merchandise in that period. Prices witnessed a rise and fall between the size of one caliph and another، it was stable and constant in the caliphate of Abu Jaafar al-Mansur، but it was elevated during the period of Caliph Harun al-Rashid. As well as extravagance، extravagance and extravagance in spending، which played an important role in influencing goods and merchandise and their prices in that period. We also referred to financial control and economic crises and their rol on prices and their stability by addressing the economic crises that played a negative role in the rise in prices، which led to the intervention of the Abbasid Caliphate institutions and taking measurestoaddressth .

The current research aims to set proposed criteria for selecting graduates of the College of Education in the light of the global future changes of the teaching profession from the point of view of the teachers and supervisors specialization. Nineveh for the academic year (2020-2021) and its members totaled (312), as a whole, of teachers and supervisors, with a total of (195) male and female teachers, and (117) supervisors. Domains are: (The first field is personal qualities A- (for both sexes) consisting of (16) standards, the second field is personal qualities B- (for female teachers) consisting of (5) standards, and the third field is controls consisting of (22) standards and the fourth field is application (teaching skills It is made up of (10) standards, the fifth domain consists of theoretical and cognitive information during micro-teaching, it consists of (16) standards, the sixth domain is digital culture, it consists of (10) standards, and the seventh domain is leadership abilities composed of (9) criteria in its formula The final and its validity, stability and strength of criteria were verified. The researchers applied the tool (suggested criteria) to the sample of supervisors, specialization on (10/1/2021) and continued until (14/1/2021), while the sample of teachers applied it on (19/1/ 2021) and the application continued until the day (2/2/2021), and after data collection and statistical analysis using the alpha-Cronbach equation, discrimination equation and z-test for two independent samples, the results showed the following:
1- The achieved ratios are good ratios and according to the viewpoint of the members of the research sample, the first field has the highest percentages, then the seventh field, followed by the fourth, then the fifth, and then the sixth, then the third. As for the second field, the last fields in terms of the percentages it obtained According to the viewpoint of the sample members as a whole.
2- The percentages achieved for each of the fields are good, and according to the viewpoint of the research sample members, the first field got the highest percentages, then the seventh field, followed by the fourth field, then the field
3-The fifth, and then the third field, then the sixth field. As for the second field, it came the last of the journals in terms of the percentages it obtained and according to the variable of human specialization. There is no statistically significant difference between the views of prolessors in the scientific and humanitarian specializations in the proposed crileria for selecting teachers for the teaching profession in the future.

Divorce is one of the most dangerous phenomena that any society in the world can be exposed to, as it is a fundamental reason for undermining the foundations of the family and dispersing its members, which represent the nucleus and the first building block in any human society, and consequently, a major imbalance in the system of society
The spread of the state of separation and separation in the social environment prompted the researcher to investigate this problem and search for its causes under the name (Geographical Analysis of the Social and Economic Variables Related to the Divorce Phenomenon in Salah Al-Din Governorate for the year 2020). Concerning the causes of divorce through the distribution of a questionnaire consisting of (367) forms, which represented a percentage (5%) of the study population, distributed in a random manner, as well as the investigation of information in this regard and its confirmation from
The offices of a group of lawyers specialized in the civil judge, and the study showed that the social variables represented (bad worker, childlessness, parental interference, lack of understanding and harmony, marital infidelity, and other factors) had the greatest impact in divorce cases, as the divorce rate was recorded due to these factors Combined (56.9%) of the total divorce cases in the governorate, while the impact of the economic variables represented by (low income level, husband’s lack of spending, unemployment, lack of housing) on the phenomenon of divorce was recorded (43.1%) of the total divorce cases. in the study area.
 

The city of Lousha is located to the south of Cordoba and to the northwest of Granada, Chenil River passes through the city from south to north, and its simplicity extends along the foot of Gil Schlier or the Snow Mountain. Muslims conquered it in year 92 A.H. / 710 A.D., and it was settled by many Arab tribes.
The Cordoba government gave it special treatment , especially after Ibn Hafsun seized it and a number of its areas, so it rebuilt and fortified it. The people stood by the Cordoba government against him until they were able to get rid of his control .
During the era of Altawaef, Lusha was owned by BanuMunadSanhajis, during the Almoravid and Almohad eras, its importance decreased due to the shift of interest to Seville and then the decline of the role of Cordoba, and during the era of Bani al-Ahmar, the city turned into gap city, Its people participated in defending it against the attacks of the Kingdom of Castile until its fall in the year 891 A.H. / 1486 A.D.

This study attempted to reveal the places in which Ibn al-Wardi objected to Ibn Malik in his explanation of the millennium in his book (Tahrir al-Khasasa fi Tayseer al-Khulasa), due to its importance in highlighting the value of this explanation among the other commentaries of the millennium. Because Ibn al-Wardi was not only an explainer of the verses of the millennium clarifying the phrases of the systems, but he was in places in his book criticizing the phrases of Ibn Malik.
This research came in a detailed presentation of the images of that criticism, with a statement of the position of a number of other millennium commentators, and a statement of those whose opinion came in agreement with the opinion of Ibn Al-Wardi from the phrase of Ibn Malik, or in disagreement, or apologizing to Ibn Malik. The subject of the objection, and this may be followed by proposing systems instead of the millennium systems that he objects to, and this comes from the fact that Ibn Al-Wardi has a high literary culture. He is the literary poet in addition to the grammarian, and he may not come up with an alternative system for it, as the research clarified the types of that criticism in different forms that the study stood on.

After the end of World War II, and as a result of the Potsdam Conference, Europe was divided between East and West and the Cold War broke out. This development had consequences for the countries of Eastern Europe, which eventually fell under the total influence of the Soviet Union. Western Europe is under American influence, especially after the establishment of the military alliances of the two blocs, the “Warsaw Pact” in 1955 AD, which was the Soviet response to the establishment of the Western military alliance “NATO,” the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which sought to limit the influence of the Eastern bloc ideologically and militarily.Thus, the policy between the two countries would continue in constant competition until the end of the sixties of the twentieth century if the foreign policy of the United States of America turned towards international accord, especially with the policy of Soviet openness towards peace as well, which culminated in the holding of several American-Soviet summits, the last of which was the 1974 Vladivostok Summit, through which it was decided to hold The European Security Conference to discuss all European security issues in Helsinki in 1975.

The opinions of scholars abounded and their points of view differed; This is according to their jurisprudential, grammatical, and explanatory directives, but I approached this topic from the angle of abnormal readings that have jurisprudential effects, as it was one of the tributaries of the glorious Sharia, and in order to understand the aspects of this topic and achieve its results, its nature required me to distribute its scientific material, which included an introduction, a preamble and investigations. And a conclusion: As for the preface: I made it into six elements: the first: Ibn Masoud’s translation, may God be pleased with him, a brief translation, the second: Ibn Khalawiya’s translation, the third: an overview of Ibn Khalawayh’s brief book, the fourth: Defining the abnormal, and the fifth and sixth: introducing the readings and showing the percentage of abnormal readings of the Companions And three sections, and finally, it ended with a conclusion that included the most important findings.

Abu Bakr bin al-Arabi al-Ishbili is considered one of the most famous and prominent figures of Andalusia, and he had a great impact on the service of the scientific movement in Andalusia. On one of his scientific contributions, which was represented in the students of knowledge who gathered around him from various Andalusian cities, where we tried in this research to show the spread of the students of Abi Bakr Ibn Al-Arabi on the cities of Andalusia while he was traveling there, according to the statistical process that we carried out to identify the students who confirmed their meeting with Ibn Al-Arabi according to books The translations that I talked about, in addition to the students likely to meet Ibn al-Arabi, and through this we monitored the most important Andalusian cities in which Ibn al-Arabi traveled and had scientific councils there.

The present study discusses how the Battle of Karbala and the killing of Hussein b. Ali are reflected in modern Arabic poetry, especially among the pioneers of the modern Arabic literary renaissance in Iraq, al-Sayyab and al-Jawahiri. The study shows that the aforementioned battle is a significant theme in contemporary Arabic poetry, and that poets linked their own lives and the life of their nation with the killing of Hussein in Karbala, perceiving the wrongs which they themselves experienced and which were committed against their peoples as a continuation of the wrongs committed against Hussein at the time. Karbala became a symbol of grief and tragedy, which some poets applied to the Palestinian issue. For others Karbala was a symbol of rebellion and martyrdom while the Umayyad caliph Yazid b. Mu'awiya served as a symbol of oppression and denial of rights. In fact, Karbala in contemporary Arabic poetry can be said to have become a hymn to freedom, recited by nations that thirst for freedom, and Hussein has taken on a timeless character.

Many researches have dealt with Voice Onset Time (VOT) in English and Arabic. However, none of these researches have investigated the utilization of the phenomenon of aspiration in English language related to Iraqi EFL learners. This study aims to make a connection between the theoretical aspects of aspiration (acoustic analysis of VOT of English aspirated plosives in relation to certain variables affecting VOT values) and learning English aspiration. Eighteen Iraqi EFL learners who are randomly selected from fourth year students, English Department, College of Education for Humanities, University of Mosul have participated in this study. VOT values of the English voiceless plosives are measured as far as aspiration is concerned followed by the three long vowels /i:, u:, a:/, in initial, intervocalic and final positions in the carrier phrase "say----again”. Results show the following: VOT averages of [p ͪ, t ͪ, k ͪ ] in carrier phrase increase gradually and their VOT values seem to be equal in all positions. In addition, they display less aspiration than English native speakers do. This is due to VOT values that are lower than the the English VOT values. Moreover, they produce English voiceless aspirated plosives in the same manner of producing Arabic voiceless plosives. Iraqi EFL learners’ mispronunciation is similar to the mispronunciation of other Arab EFL learners of different mother tongue accents. Thus, Iraqi EFL learners need further training of the voiceless plosives to enhance intelligibility and hence successful utilization of plosives as far as English aspiration is concerned.

 

This study attempts to investigate the Iraqi EFL learners', at the university level, ability to command homonymy in English. The study aims to investigate the learners' ability to recognize the correct spelling comprehension and usage of diverse homonyms by using suitable lexeme that is phonologically and orthographically overlapped. In addition, it tries to assess the learners' ability and performance at the production level.
In order to achieve the aims of the research, a diagnostic test has been conducted and it is distributed on 100 students from thei4th iyearistudents in the English department of the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Mosul. The students are chosen randomly from the academic year 2019-2020. The test is exposed to jury members in order to determine its validity. The reliability coefficient of the test was 0.81. The results indicate that both the recognition and the production questions have statistical differences: the test demonstrates that the learners have achieved better at the recognition level than that of the production one.