Regional Studies Journal

The research studies the security and military dimension within the Turkish-Russian relations during the period 1992-2008. After the end of the Cold War since the beginning of the 1990’s, the two states forced to be in case of peaceful coexistence in Eurasian region. Within this frame, the research tries to analyze the security and military dimension in the relations of the two countries and exploring the military and technical cooperation between them during the period of the research through dual agreements concluded between them in addition to exchanged formal visits by officials of both countries.

The Arab region has witnessed political transformations since the end of 2010, that appeared as revolutions led by the peoples of some Arab countries against oppressive regimes in those countries to demand political, economic and constitutional reforms that guarantee justice and well-being of these peoples. These revolutions had repercussions not only on the Arab countries, but also neighboring countries, especially Turkey and Iran, which represent a regional weight in the region and are associated with the Arab countries by economic ,political and security relations and interests. The two countries had their attitudes towards these revolutions dictated by their interests in the region and their positions were consistent with some revolutions and differed with others .The research is an attempt to identify the positions of both countries (Turkey and Iran) towards these revolutions, especially the Syrian revolution, which was clearly disputed between the two countries.

A group of Iranian political forces have succeeded in forming a political trend known as the reformist movement whose goal is the reform inside the Iranian regime. The research seeks to identify the reformist trend in terms of originality, formation and intellectual vision, as well as the electoral program carried by the candidate of the trend Mohammad Khatami and the possibility of implementation when he assumed the post of President of the Republic of Iran in the presence of another rival movement holding power through the executive, legislative and judicial institutions belong to Ayatollah Khamenei

The US strategic research centers followed Russia after 2000, which entered more than a trend and issued more than a study and research on the assessment of Russian-US relations, an attempt to define the frameworks of the strategy and guidance and give some recommendations in extreme cases of American politicians. After the post-Cold War reconciliation between the two sides there was a kind of normalization in political relations and economic cooperation, especially after the bombings that took place in the United States of America on September 11, 2001. More than a protocol of cooperation between the two sides has beensigned in the strategic framework, The new global challenges led to an improvement in the Russian economic situation. As Putin took over the presidency, he began to adopt a new approach to force the country and restore its international standing. This aroused the anger of the American politicians. The competition and the confrontation policy emerged in more than one level, especially after the Russian intervention in Ukraine and Syria and supporting Iran in its nuclear program.

The phenomenon of geopolitical conflicts started dominating the international and regional scene, especially in the Middle East, and the negative impact of these conflicts affected the reality and the future of community security and peace in Iraq. There is no doubt, that community security and peace are the results of a wide range of values and principles, which are the fundamental pillar of the progress of States and guarantee their future. Community security and peace can not be achieved in one state except other, because the disturbance of peace in a country will be reflected negatively on the rest of the geopolitical region, according to the affecting and affected equation.
The rise in geopolitical conflicts between the international and regional powers and the increasing of the international competition for the geopolitical and geostrategic interests in the Middle East have led to escalating factional, 'racial, sectarian and geopolitical conflicts' in various forms and pictures in the societies of weak states which reflected the reality and the future of the community peace and security in Iraq as well. Therefore, to ensure a safer and more peaceful future, Iraq has to give up its policy of full integration within the regional and international environment, and shifting towards partial openness to rearrange its priorities, and to build its capacity. Furthermore, moving towards cooperation as a strategic balancing force of the other regional powers.
Keywords: the regional and international geopolitical conflicts, the peace and conflict, future of the community security and peace in Iraq.

This research entitled : "The Role of Vice President in the Making of American Foreign Policy, Dick Cheney as study case " is an attempt to study an important aspect of the US political system which is represented in the Vice President position.
This paper examines the constitutional characterization of this position and the powers available to it, and seeks to identify the causes and motives behind this description and framing. It also discusses the developments and changes in the post and then moves on to discuss and analyze the circumstances and factors that enabled Vice President Richard Dick Cheney to exercise unprecedented influence on the whole of American policy, and highlight the great impact that Cheney left on the foreign policy of the Bush administration. and the most important results and consequences that resulted in this, both in the Arab region or at the global level.

International and non-international armed conflicts lead to many grave violations, both on a personal and material level. However, human beings, especially civilians, are exposed to these violations because they find themselves at some point in the heart of the armed conflict and have little or no power. The existence of many legal rules that guarantee them protection in periods of armed conflict, but they did not avoid these events and horrors, so there was a mechanism to protect these civilians to ensure accountability of those who cause violation of these rules and provide the necessary protection for this vulnerable group that may Including children, women, the elderly and the disabled. These mechanisms range from executive and supervisory mechanisms to judicial mechanisms