University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

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تحضير صبغة الكركمين ودراسة تأثيرها في زيادة ثباتية البولي اثلين الواطيء الكثافه

ايناس عبد العزيز الناصر

Pages: 2-6 Arabic

Abstract

تم في ىذا البحث تحضير ودراسة مركب الكركمين لاستخدامو كصبغة مثبتو عاكسة للاشعة فوق البنفسجية وممضاد للأكسدة لمادة البولي اثمين واطئ الكثافة في الوقت ذاتو ، حيث تمتاز المادة المحضرة بأحتوائيا عمى مجاميع فينولية(Ar-OH group) والتي تعد من المجاميع الميمة في قنص الجذور الحرة وتثبيط عممية الانشطار الحاصل في السمسمة البوليمرية . تم تقييم المادة المستخصمة وذلك بأضافتيا بنســـــب مختمفة(011 ،011 ،011 )جزء بالمميون الى البوليمر ومزجيا معو حيث اظيرت النماذج الحاوية عمى المادة المحضره ثباتية عالية ضد التفكك الضوئي مقارنة بالنماذج غير الحاوية عمى ىذه المادة.الكممات المفتاحية :بولي اثمين واطيء الكثافة ، تحمل ضوئي ، تثبيت ضوئي ، كركمين ، مثبت ضوئي .

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Design of a Circular Disc Microstrip Antenna Loaded By Annular Ring

رائد مسلم شعبان

Pages: 7-11 English

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Abstract

The research contained in this thesis is a theoretical study of antenna design and calculation of the radiation fields using electric fields integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (MFIE). These equation have been converted, using the method of moments formulation of electromagnetic radiation in this these based on
the bodies of revolution (BoR),which are generated by revolution a planar curve about an axis called axis of symmetry. To find an unknown electric current density on the surface of the conductor ,and both unknowns electric and magnetic density current on the surface of the dielectric which are responsible for the generation of radiation
fields in the space for the components (Eθ ,Eφ) ,the surface currents was represented by a set of basis functions that give the Fourier series because the body has a circular symmetry property and then select a set of weighted functions to find a linear system by using Galerkin method which requires that the weighted functions are equal to
the complex conjugate of the current JW = )( * .

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Improving the efficiency of the UV detector by increasing the optical sensitivity

عبد الحسين خضير الطيف

Pages: 12-17 English

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Abstract

In this work, (SnO2) thin films were prepared by thermal chemical spray pyrolysis technique using mixture of Tin chloride hydrate ((SnCl2.2H2O)) with molar concentration of (0.1M) at glass substrate temperature of 400 ˚C. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all the prepared films have polycrystalline structure. Optical properties of the films were determined by studying the ultraviolet spectrum which include transmittance , absorptance , absorption coefficient and energy gap which have a value of (3.65eV) before annealing and about (3.8 eV) after annealing .The spectral responsivity of the uncoated detector in UV range was (0.15 A/W) .The photo response enhancement of the photoconductive detector is improved by coating (SnO2) films with 200nm (PMMA) polymer .The results show that the responsivity is increased more than responsivity of the uncoated (SnO2) and it reaches (1.62 A/W) at (385nm)
and at (10V) bias voltage.

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مقارنة بين زوايا الميل للألواح الشمسية الثابتة لمدينة بغداد باستخدام جهاز محلل الظل للإشعاع الشمسي على مدار سنة كاملة

عماد جواد كاظم

Pages: 18-23 English

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Abstract

Generated energy by fixed solar panels depended on the optimum tilt angle with the horizon, so it must be defined correctly to improve the performance of the solar panel system. In this research the values of optimum tilt angle with the horizon of solar panels for Baghdad city was calculated monthly and quarterly and annually by using shadow analyzer of solar radiation. The optimum tilt angles is (60.51, 37, 19.5, 0, 0.13, 30, 45.55 , 60) degrees monthly, respectively and quarterly is 58 ° for months (12, 1, 2) and 19 degrees for months (3, 4, 5) and 2 degrees for months (6, 7, 8) and 45 degrees for months (9, 10, 11 ) When dividing the year into two seasons the optimal angle is 13 degrees for months (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) and 51 degrees for months (10,11, 12, 1, 2, 3). The annual optimum tilt angle is 30 degrees it is noticed an increase in optimum tilt angle in winter than in summer and that is because of the increasing in the sun declination and the decreasing in the number of noon hours in winter. The increasing in the amount of energy falling on the solar panels was 8.34% when the tilt angle changed monthly and 6.85% when it changed quarterly and 6.61% when it changed for two seasons with respect to yearly fix tilt angle

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Calculation of One- particle redial distribution function and One- particle expectation value for K(1S) shell of He and Li atoms by Using Correlated function

علياء عبد المحسن حسن

Pages: 24-27 English

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Abstract

The electronic correlation effect is the most important effectiveness in physics, which make changed in many physical result specially with that of atomic activeness. The approximation ,which study the electronic correlation is called "correlated function" .Sample of the correlated has been used in this study ,that function is the J.D. Stuart- F.A .Matson function by make change on the original formula .That function is of configuration interaction of virtual orbitals. That was for two electrons for study some of atomic propertes the one particle radial distribution function D(r 1 ) and one particle expectation value n= r 1 for K(1 S ) shell of He and Li atoms .The results wear successful for giving the results that refer to an acceptable correlated function.

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تلبيد المساحيق السيراميكية المحضرة بطريقة التفاعل الغازي

عماد يوسف محمود

Pages: 28-31 Arabic

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Structural and Electronic Properties of Donor-Acceptor Molecular System: B3LYP/ DFT Calculations

Basim Abdullattif Ghalib

Pages: 4-8 English

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Abstract

Present work deals with the structural and electronic properties of trifluorocarbon-nitro CF3-NO as a donor-acceptor molecular system. Density functional theory at the three parameters B3LYP level of theory was employed with various basis sets to determine and calculate some structural and electronic properties for this molecular system. The calculations include the geometrical parameters of the studied structures. And some electronic properties of these were investigated include the total energy, electronic states, ionization potential, electron affinity, electro chemical hardness, softness and electrophilic index. The results showed that 6-31G (d, p) level of theory gave good agreement values of geometrical parameters with experimental data in compared with other levels

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Optical properties of CdO films prepared by DC planar magnetron sputtering

Kadhim Abdulwahid Aadim

Pages: 9-12 English

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Electrical energy generation from nanowire structures

Rasol R. Attab

Pages: 13-19 English

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Abstract

This work numerically estimate the amount of electric voltage generation from Zing oxide, Barium titanium, Gallium nitride, Lead zirconate titanate (ZnO, BaTiO3, GaN and PZT) nanowire structure respectively and other hetro-structure or doped structure like (ZnMgO, GaAlN) having rectangular and circular cross sections with dimension of length and width (l , b) 600,50 nanometers. The amount of the generated voltage seem enough to power biosensor, nanosensor, or even biomedical device. The effect of nanowire length, width and temperature and the effect of applied force are studied, All theses parameters having profound effect on the amount of the maximum generated voltage

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Dynamical behavior of quantum-dot laser

M.O. Oleiwi

Pages: 20-27 English

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Modes Analysis in Step Index Fibers

Sukina T. Gafel

Pages: 28-32 English

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Efficient High GainYtterbium Doped Lead Fluoroborate Glasses Fiber Amplifiers

AbdulKareem H. Dagher

Pages: 33-39 English

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Abstract

This paper is based on the numerical solution of the rate equations model and their gain dependences are discussed. Simulation of the amplifier gain versus the pump power, amplifier length, ion concentration and core radius has been done. In order to keep the fiber amplifiers doped with ytterbium as short as possible with high gain, it is best to increase the doped concentration. For 10m amplifier length, pump power of 25mW, core radius of 2.5mm and 3 ion/m 25 3.5´10 doping concentration, the gain is 60dB. Increasing of the core radius would increase the threshold pump power and at the above same conditions, the optimum gain is at 5mm core radius.

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Preparation and study Impact and Hardness Strength for Gravel Nano Particles /Polyester Composites

Abbas Fadhil Essa

Pages: 40-45 English

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Abstract

In view of the developments of industrial applications, this happened in recent years and the need to use composite materials in general and polymer composite especially in the various industrial applications developed. This work focuses on studying the addition effect of the prepared gravel nanoparticles (different types) with particles size of (121.74 nm) for type( Ι ) and (100.16 nm)for type( ΙI ) as a nano particles with different weight percentages (10, 20, 30, 40) % to the unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) as a matrix to prepare polyester nanocomposites . The molding method was used to prepare polyester and their nanocomposites sheets.The mechanical properties were studied including Impact strength and Hardness strength for the samples. The results showed that the samples of Gravel nanocomposite type ( Ι ) gained highest values of Impact strength (4.508 KJ/m2 ) at ratio percents (40%) and the samples of Gravel nanocomposite type (IΙ ) gained highest values of Impact strength (5.509 KJ/m2) at ratio percents (40%). Also the results show that the UPE / Gravel nanocomposite type (IΙ ) gained highest values of Impact strength (5.509 KJ/m2) at ratio percents (40%) compared with UPE / Gravel nanocomposite type( Ι ) (4.508 KJ/m2 ). Also the results showed that the samples of Gravel nanocomposite type (Ι) gained highest values of shore D number (91.65 H.NO.) at weight percentage (40%) of Gravel nano particales. While the samples of Gravel nanocomposite type (IΙ) gained highest values of shore D number (90.00 H.NO.) at weight Percentages (10%, 20%)

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Measurement of Deby length By using single probe technique

Emad A. Salman

Pages: 46-49 English

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Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of Cadmium Telluride Thin Films

Hayder Mohammad Ajeel

Pages: 50-55 English

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Abstract

Prepared of the CdTe thin films by thermal evaporation technique in the vacuum of about 3 × 10−3 torr. in two concentrations(x= 0.2 and x= 0.3) on glass and silicon substrates. In this study we present the effect of increased concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3 on the structural, optical and electrical properties of The CdTe thin films. The structural properties were study by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XRF results showed that the films were polycrystalline, optical microscope examination and Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) average grain size (24.66 – 12.11 ) nm for (x= 0.2 and x= 0.3) respectively . The optical properties were characterized by UV–VIS spectroscopy and the electrical properties was study.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Dye-doped Polymer Optical Fiber

Baha T. Chiad

Pages: 56-59 English

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Abstract

This paper is concerned with the design a special perform drawing system for fabricated Step Index-Single Mode Polymer Optical Fiber (SI-SM POF). The POF has been fabricated by this device based on a highly crosslinked poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a core material and a dye-doped PMMA cladding layer. The refractive indices of the core material and the cladding are 1.49 and 1.35, respectively. The physical and optical properties of POF have been studied, which fabricated at different diameters. Laser light (633 nm) was coupled in to the POF using standard prism coupling techniques. From the morphological analysis of the POF it has been shown that the homogenous and the viscidity of the core and cladding is suitable. In additional to the core is completely in the center of the POF.

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Achieved suitable dielectric swarm parameters for electrons in SF6 -Ne gas mixture.

Raad Hameed Majeed

Pages: 60-65 English

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Abstract

There are two important types of basic gas-insulated apparatus used by electric power industry: i- gas-insulted transmission lines and ii- gas-insulated transformers. mixture are considered to be used in circuit breakers, neon has a very blow dielectric strength and contributes virtually nothing to the dielectric strength of the mixture. Neon however, complements in terms of its cooling capacity because it is very light, and does not react chemically either , or the gas impurities present in commercial , or the system components. The motion of electrons in plasma gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and its mixture with inert gas in the present of applied uniform electric field is simulated by using the numerical solution of Boltzmann's transport equation technique. The numerical solutions are utilized within the international computer code program called ''NOMAD'' written in FORTRAN 77, by using the Finite difference

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Theoretical Study of the Effect of the Coupling Constant Strength on the Photons Rate Yield for Quark Gluon Interaction

Hadi J. M. AL-Agealy

Pages: 66-70 English

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Abstract

Rate of photon yield in a quark-gluon interaction exhibits of the coupling constant strength and temperature dependence have been studied theoretically .The estimation of the coupling constant strength is very important tool for the investigation of the QCD, which has been applied to the dynamical quarks = 3, 5, ,and gluon = 0 . Depending upon the the coupling constant data ,it shows that the strong force is relatively weak for quarks, and the two quarks move farther apart the force becomes stronger. The weakness of interaction at short distance is called asymptotic freedom, while the strength of the long distance is called confinement .Rate of the photon yield in a quark-gluon interaction which investigation due to the electric charge of the quark with color quantum number. Photon’s rate has been calculated increasing with increases in temperature and decreasing the coupling constant and photon’s yield from the system has height fever number larger than system has low fever number

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Detection of malignant Cases by Segmentation of Cells in Medical Images and Applying Fuzzy Logic Technique

Salim J. Attia

Pages: 71-74 English

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Abstract

The process of detection and segmentation of cells is considered in digital optical images of human breast tissue as important base to diagnose the diseases. The major features of malignancy are related with the cells. It is therefore essential to operate a segmentation of the image, to isolate the cells from the rest of image, i. e., from other tissue components, and from some other undesirable elements of images. The recognition process includes a segmentation algorithm based on an adaptive imaging threshold procedure that is sensitive to local ranges in pixel intensity (minimum-maximum values). The statistical features are extracted from the images of cells like median, mode, mean and standard deviation. Then the fuzzy logic method is applied to detect breast cancer

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Fabrication temperature sensing by using ZnO Nanoparticles

Ausama I. Khudiar

Pages: 75-78 English

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Abstract

A present study is reported for the synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles and its application as a temperature sensor. ZnO nanoparticles thin film was prepared the by Sol: Gel method and deposition on a glass substrate. Structural and optical properties of ZnO films were studied. Structural investigation including microstructure was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The films gave a hexagonal wurtzite structure. Optical properties of the thin films were determined by using UV-Vis spectrometer. It was found the value of the band gap of the thin film is 3.18 eV. The variations in resistance of sensing with different temperatures were recorded. The relative resistance was decreased linearly with increasing temperature over the range (120- 250)°C.

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Study Algorithms which Assessed Quality of the Blurred Images

Radhi Sh. Hamoudi

Pages: 79-85 English

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Abstract

No-reference measurement of blurring artifacts in images is a difficult problem in image quality assessment field. In this paper, we present a no-reference blur metric to measure the quality of the images. These images are degraded using Gaussian blurring. Suggestion method depends on developing the Mean of Locally Standard deviation and Mean of the image (MLSD) model, this method is called Blur Quality Metric (BQM) and it calculates from numerical integral of the function in this model. And the BQM is compared with the No-reference Perceptual Blur Metrics (PBM) and the Entropy of the First Derivative (EFD) Image; the BQM is a simple metric and gives good accuracy in metrics the quality for the Gaussian blurred image if it compared with another algorithms.

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Study Algorithms which Assessed Quality of the Blurred Images

Radhi Sh. Hamoudi

Pages: 79-85 English

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Abstract

No-reference measurement of blurring artifacts in images is a difficult problem in image quality assessment field. In this paper, we present a no-reference blur metric to measure the quality of the images. These images are degraded using Gaussian blurring. Suggestion method depends on developing the Mean of Locally Standard deviation and Mean of the image (MLSD) model, this method is called Blur Quality Metric (BQM) and it calculates from numerical integral of the function in this model. And the BQM is compared with the No-reference Perceptual Blur Metrics (PBM) and the Entropy of the First Derivative (EFD) Image; the BQM is a simple metric and gives good accuracy in metrics the quality for the Gaussian blurred image if it compared with another algorithms.

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Influence of AL Dust Particles on Air Plasma Characteristics in Cathode Sheath

Qusay Adnan Abbas

Pages: 86-91 English

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Abstract

The gas discharge–dust particle interaction for a dc discharge in air with micron-sized particles is investigated. The work present illustrated the effect of AL dust particle on current and voltage of discharge and on the radial profile of plasma parameters in the cathode sheath in direct current system. The results shows, the present of dust inside the discharge increases the current while the voltage of discharge decreases. Moreover, the radial profile of plasma characteristics that measure by Langmuir probes in the presence of AL dust shows that the dust changes the plasma characteristics and affects the collective processes in such plasma system. The AL dust is charged positively in the cathode sheath and the plasma potential is negative. The presence of dust did not effect on the electron distrabution in that region.

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Noise Characteristics in Presence of Four Wave Mixing in Single Mode Fibers

Haider K. Muhammad

Pages: 92-98 English

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Abstract

The transmission system in the fiber optics affected by many conventional noises. In case of employing WDM systems which means the addition of further new noises named nonlinear noises. As far As the FWM is the main important phenomena noise ,all sources of noises being analyzed and a new equation has been set for the FWM .Accordingly the total influence on the allowable input power has been determined, then a general form equation connecting between allowable power and Q-factor has been derived. Since FWM depends on the phase-matching a comprehensive equation has been derived depending on the center of the process mixing.

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Influence of Absorption cross section of saturable absorber on Passive Q-switching laser pulse characteristics

Abdul-Kareem M. Salih

Pages: 99-104 English

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The Effect of ᵞ -ray doses on Phagocyte Functional activity of Granulocytes by mean of Chemiluminescence

Ferial Y. Nazal

Pages: 105-109 English

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Abstract

White blood cells are the fundamental viable defense barrier in the body immune system against foreign bodies such as bacteria parasites viruses. All types of leukocytes have the ability to produce reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen 1O2 , super oxide .O2 , hydroxyl radical OH and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 in the process of Phagocytosis and respiratory burst . When leukocytes exhibit respiratory burst, this process will cause light emitting and this will called Chemiluminescence (CL) .The emitted light is very weak and requires some materials to increase the light intensity for detection. Chemiluminescence (CL) is a new technique used in this study to find out the effect of gamma rays on the white blood cells, as used Luminol to increase the detection of light intensity. Gamma ray will produce free radicals from the excitation reactions with the materials. The somatic damage of radiation may be tolerated if whole body exposure was in a low rate and extended over a long period of time. Sensitivity, resistance and reactive activity of White blood cells (WBCs) will react differently to gamma radiation according to their characteristics and body repair mechanisms. Gamma ray doses have been studies to see it is effect on control and test blood cell samples. This was done under same PH. This will make changing in the CL values.

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Studying Effect of Solar Concentrator Type on Small Signal Gain for Pumping Nd: YAG Crystal

Mohanad M. Azzawi

Pages: 110-113 English

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Abstract

In this research, solar flux is applied as a source for pumping Nd:YAG crystal. Lasing action could be gained when there is enough pumped solar flux expressed in term of small signal gain, SSG. Concentration ratio is the term of determining how the solar flux is close to produce SSG for lasing action. Concentration is achieved by applying a concentrator. Two types of concentrators are applied for comparison: Frensel lens and parabolic reflecting dish. It is found that, a solar intensity of 800 W/ m2 incident on Frensel lens of aperture area (729) Cm2 has a concentration ratio of (18000) compared with a parabolic reflecting dish of aperture area (7065) Cm2 has a concentration ratio of (1000). It is clear that Frensel lens is preferred over parabolic reflecting dish because it meets the required value of SSG for lasing Nd:YAG crystal.

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Breast cancer treatment using Gold nanoparticles and gamma-ray photons With energy 12 Mev

Najim Abed Askouri

Pages: 114-119 English

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Abstract

Gold nanoparticles are characterised by their small size to volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice in medical application due to their amenability of synthesis and functionalization, less toxicity and ease of detection. The present paper focuses on treatment of the breast cancer by high energy photons of gamma ray (12MeV.) and gold nanoparticles while preserving the shape of the breast and prevents the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. This of course in a minimum dose given for patient i.e. enhancing the radiotherapy that is used in breast cancer treatment due to pair production phenomena

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Breast cancer treatment using Gold nanoparticles and gamma-ray photons With energy 12 Mev

Najim Abed Askouri

Pages: 114-119 English

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Abstract

Gold nanoparticles are characterised by their small size to volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice in medical application due to their amenability of synthesis and functionalization, less toxicity and ease of detection. The present paper focuses on treatment of the breast cancer by high energy photons of gamma ray (12MeV.) and gold nanoparticles while preserving the shape of the breast and prevents the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. This of course in a minimum dose given for patient i.e. enhancing the radiotherapy that is used in breast cancer treatment due to pair production phenomena

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Theoretical Study of the Transfer Rate Constant for Electron at Metal /Liquid Interface

Hadi J. M. AL-Agealy

Pages: 120-124 English

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Abstract

A quantum transport in Cu/ TCNQ molecule liquid interface, the influence of reorganization energy coupling matrix element, and temperature are studied. For the tunneling transport description, reorganization energy and rate constant of electron transfer of Cu/ TCNQ molecule liquid interface system are calculated and the transmission through interface are examined. A theoretical model based on the quantum system is depending to study the transfer across Cu and TCNQ molecule. While on the interface system, classical reorganization energy equation using to evaluate the electrons energy to reorientation before transfer, the transition rates are calculated using quantum transport formalism. Our results data show that the rate constant increases with the increasing of the coupling coefficient and temperature, and decreasing of the reorganization energy .Theoretical study for transfer rate constant, electron transfer, metal/liquid interface.

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Characterization of silences acid dosimeter for gamma-radiation dosimetry

Riyadh. CH. Abul –Hail

Pages: 125-127 English

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Theoretical Treatment for Electron Transport throughout Molecular Wire Bridge

L. F. Al-Badry

Pages: 128-132 English

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Abstract

In this paper we present our theoretical treatment for electron transport through one scattering region attached to donor and left lead in the left side, while in the right side it is attached to acceptor and right lead. Our treatment is based on the time-dependent Anderson – Newns Hamiltonian. The equations of motion are derived for all subsystems then the stationary state is considered to obtain analytical expression for the transmission probability as a function of system energies. The scattering region is considered as molecular wire. The subsystems eigenvalues, the coupling interaction between them as well as the leads band width all are taken into consideration and highlighted. We concluded that the variation of the number of molecules gives the molecular wire one of the most interesting functional properties, that is the molecular on-off switching.

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Estimating of times and Heliospheric Location of the accelerated energetic protons associated with two CMEs in the Multi Eruption Solar Energetic Particle (MESEPs) events

D. Al-Feadh

Pages: 133-137 English

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Abstract

We have selected two Multi Eruption Solar Energetic Particle (MESEP) events among 268 MESEP events during the solar cycle 23 observed by Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron (ERNE) instrument on board Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) with intensities of >10-3 cm-2 sr-1 s-1 MeV-1 at energies (1-116) MeV . We have estimated the time and place of the acceleration for the energetic protons injected by two Coronal Mass Ejection (CMEs) associated with each MESEP event. We have calculated the injection time of the energetic protons by using the fixed path length and the Velocity Dispersion Analysis (VDA) methods, assuming that particles with different energies were released simultaneously at the Sun. We found that in both methods the bulk of the acceleration occur during the impulsive phase near the Sun.

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Measurement of Plasma Parameters by using Nitrogen gas

Ali Gehad Al- Shatravi

Pages: 138-141 English

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Abstract

In this work the diode planer magnetron sputtering device was used. This device consists from two alumina disc (8cm) diameter and (5mm) thick. The distance between two electrodes is 2cm, 3cm, 4cm and 5cm. Design and construction double probe made from tungsten wire with (0.1mm) diameter and (1.2mm) length, to investigate electron temperature, electron density and ion density under different distance between cathode and anode measured. The probes were situated in the center of plasma between anode and cathode. The result of this work shown that, when the distance between cathode and anode increased, the electron temperature will decreased. The electron density was found to increase with increasing distance between the electrodes. The behavior of ions density is similar to that electron but the value is higher.

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Negative ion formation during scattering of H-atom from-Al (111) Thin Films: Using Perturbative method

Hayfaa A. Jassem

Pages: 142-147 English

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Abstract

In this work, electron capture by H- projectiles in grazing scattering from Al(111) thin films [ with difference thickness, which can be taken as a discrete set of values corresponding to different amount of atomic plane within Al(111)],is studied theoretically using Perturbative method. The resonance charge transfer(RCT) on thin film appears to be quite different from that on a semi - infinite free- electron approximation metal, this distinction is related to the difference of the electron structure of thin- metal films and the semi-infinite metal. The size quantization in this metallicfilms allows through the variation of the film thickness. Some of the feature of RCT on thin films have already been discussed based on non Perturbative methods ( example CAM method) studied , so we treat the same systems using CAM method for comparison .

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Optical Properties of Te Thin Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation Technique

Fatin G. Hachim

Pages: 148-151 English

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Abstract

This work describes, Tellurium (Te) films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature by the method of vacuum evaporation with thickness (0.4μm), with rate of deposition equal to (5.5Å/sec), the samples are annealed in a vacuum for one hour at (373 and 433) K. The optical properties such as absorption coefficient (k) was determined using the absorbance and transmittance measurement from FTIR Shimadzu spectrophotometer, with range of wave length (2800-3900) nm. And also calculated optical constants (refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k)) for Tellurium films. The tests have been shown that the optical energy gap increases with increasing of annealing temperature for the samples.

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Evaluation of Mtf for Fractal Optical Modulator to Znse

Abdulrazak Abd. Al-Salam

Pages: 152-159 English

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Abstract

Optical modulator is an important component in optical system. It is a device, which changes the angle between the vision line to the target and coordinate to electrical signal. Through this study we have designed the fractal optical modulator consisting of eighteen sector, by building a computer program (SAM1) using visual basic language. In this paper assume that nine sectors one opaque and the other nine sectors are transmitted for the light. One may consider these nine sectors also as opaque for the other regions of electro-magnetic wave spectrum. For the importance of the modulation transfer function (MTF) in testing and evaluating optical systems, it becomes the dependent measurement to know the optical systems efficiency. It has been studied for optical systems with circular aperture, where that function could evaluated the image efficiency for point object in image plane at different magnitude of transmittance. In this research, the fractal optical modulator has been designed of semiconductor material by using the fractal function. Then evaluating the values of MTF at different values of refractive index and transmittance. The best modulation of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) material optical modulator was when transmittance (T) 73%. Where the value of MTF is maximum at refractive index η λ=11.0μm (ZnSe) equal to 2.4001. The worst case of modulation was at transmittance (T) 40%. Where the value MTF is minimum at refractive index η λ=0.54μm (ZnSe) equal to 2.6754.

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Effect of Quantum Dots Density and temperature on Quantum Dot Laser Characteristics

Ra\'ed M. Hassan

Pages: 160-166 English

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Density Functional Theory Calculations for Diaminonaphthalene Molecules group

Ali Taher Mohi

Pages: 167-174 English

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Abstract

Theoretical studies for calculating molecular structure parameters of naphthalene and its simplest derivatives with electron-donating groups (di-amino) in different positions were performed using density functional theory (DFT). Based on B3LYP with 6-31(d,p) basis set was used to investigate the effect on the electronic and structure properties for the positional variation of the amino substituents in the naphthalene. The optimized structures, total energies, electronic states, energy gaps, ionization potentials, electron affinities, chemical potential, global hardness, softness, global electrophilictity, dipole moment and dipole polarizability were calculated. The harmonic vibrational frequencies calculated and compared with available experimental data. The results showed a decrease in energy gaps and the presence of the electron-donating groups leads to easy oxidation.

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Determination of Indoor Radon Concentration in Thi Qar Province Houses by using CR-39 SSNTD

Jabbar M. Rashid

Pages: 175-180 English

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Abstract

The possible detrimental health effects of the inhaled radon and its decay products are in the limelight of interest of professionals as well as of the public. In the present work the passive integrated dosimeter technique with solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) super grade CR-39, was used to measure the concentration of the radioactive radon gas (Rn-222) indoor for 12 different locations in Thi Qar province. 176 detectors ( 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm x 0.5 cm) were prepared and were distributed in the chosen locations , after 90 days ( November, December 2012 and January 2013) the detectors were collected and treated chemically using etching conditions which controlled by four principals variables ( etching solutions ,temperature , morality and etching time). The tracks per unit area in each detector were determined by using MICROS Crocus II MCX100LCD optical microscope. Results obtained showed that radon average concentration indoors was varies from 25.66 Bq/m3 in Bateha to 113.63 Bq/m3 in Fuhood, and the annual effective dose according to these concentrations are 0.890 mSv/y and 3.941mSv/y respectively. Results indicate that the houses surveyed had indoor radon levels within permissible level when ICRP1993 recommended limit of 600 Bqm-3 was used. Few houses had higher radon levels if NRPB (Health Protection agency) UK and US (environmental protection agency) EPA limits of 200 and 148 Bq m-3 were used. The overall average for the concentrations of radon in indoor air in the province of Thi Qar in this study is 66.989 Bq/m3 .

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Dielectrical and Electrical Properties of Polystyrene films Doped with Copper Sulfate

Hussein Neama Najeeb

Pages: 181-186 English

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Abstract

The electrical characteristics of polystyrene doped with different concentrations (0,1,2,3,and 4wt%) of Copper Sulfate CuSO4.5H2O powder were studied . The films are prepared using solution casting technique, in order to investigate the effect of Copper Sulfate CuSO4.5H2O additions on the electrical properties of PS host. The D.C conductivity measured by measuring the D.C electrical resistance using the( Keithly Electrometer type 616C), and for different temperatures ranging from (30 – 80)oC . The dielectric properties measured by measuring the capacitor and the loss angle tangent as a function to the alternating electric field frequency using the (Agilent impedance analyzer 4294A), within the frequency range (50 – 6 ×106) Hz at room temperature. The experimental results showed that the dielectric constant is decrease with increase frequency of applied electrical field and increase with increasing concentrations, dielectric loss is decrease with increasing frequency of applied electrical field to be 0.5 MHz after this it was increasing , A.C electrical conductivity are increasing with increasing frequency of applied electrical field ,also, the results showed that the D.C electrical conductivity are increasing with increase concentration of PS and temperature, activation energy are decreasing with increase concentration of additive salt

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Simulation of 1.3μm Quantum Dot laser by Using Four Levels Rate Equations Model

Hussein H. Warid

Pages: 187-191 English

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Abstract

By using four-level rate equations model (4LREM), the dynamics of optical gain and output power in 1.3μm quantum dots laser (QD-laser) is investigated. The numerical model of InAs/GaAs (QD-laser) covers four energy levels for electron. In present model, hole dynamics effect, both homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects are ignored. Present results indicate to, a first and second lasing line, corresponding to the ground state, first excited state respectively appears at low bias current with injection current increasing. As a result, the use of the four -level model described above potentially gives a more complete insight into the dynamics of quantum-dot semiconductor lasers. This result very useful for the design of InAs/GaAs QD laser for communications applications.

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Calculation of the Tunneling Current for Atom-sized Quantum Dot with Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Fouad Nimr Ajeel

Pages: 192-198 English

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Abstract

In this work, the tunneling current of adsorbed atom-sized quantum dot on metal surface with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is calculated using nonequilibrium Green’s function method of Keldysh. It is found that the correction to the tunneling current is expressed in terms of the transmission probability, where the correction is negative for the elastic part of the current and positive for the inelastic one. Depending on our calculations, we conclude that the position of electronic state of quantum dot, the vibrational mode energy, the strength of electron-vibration coupling and temperature, which important parameters to determine the physical features responsible for the processes concerned the nanostructure that are performed on the solid surface

University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

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