University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

The possibility of detecting acute infection and immunity using body fluids those are easier to collect than blood, mainly in children, would facilitate the investigation and follow-up of outbreaks of hepatitis A (HAV). So to evaluate the detection of anti-HAV type IgM, IgA and total antibodies in saliva using serum samples as reference. Forty three paired serum and saliva samples were analyzed. From this total, 24 samples were obtained from children and 1 from one adult during the course of acute hepatitis A; an additional 18 samples were obtained from health professionals from Basrah hospital. The sensitivity to detect anti-HAV IgM was 100% (95%CI: 79.1 to 100.0%), employing saliva as clinical samples. In detecting anti-HAV IgA, the sensitivity was 80.8% (95%CI: 60.0 to 92.7%) and for the total antibodies was 82.1% (95%CI: 62.4 to 93.2%). The specificity was 100% for each. The rate of agreement was high comparing the results of serum and saliva samples for detecting HAV antibodies. We conclude that saliva is an acceptable alternative specimen for diagnosing acute hepatitis A infection, and for screening individuals to receive hepatitis A vaccine or immunoglobulin.

The present study was undertaken to study the chemical content and antibacterial activity of Anastatica hierochuntica leaves by preparation extracts (n-hexan, ethanolic 70% and aqueous) and tested against Grampositive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogens and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris). The results of chemical analysis showed that hexan extract contains phenols , terpenes and sterols only, while extracts (ethanolic 70% and aqueous) contain carbohydrates , phenols , flavonoids , tannins , saponins and alkaloids also observed contained this plant on minerals (Cu, Zn and Fe ) in concentrations (8.65±0.30, 47.51±1.31, 169.48±7.11) ppm respectively.

The present study was designed to investigate plasmid profiles and the prevalence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli, which was done in Basra, Iraq, during the period between September 2012 and January 2013. A total of 306 urine sample were collected and cultured from patients with UTI , only 137 sample give positive growth.72 isolates diagnosed as E.coli isolates and tested for antibiotic susceptibility ,high antibiotic resistance toAmpcillin100%,Cefazolin93.05%,Augmentin83.33%,and Nitrofurantion70.83%, mid resistance to Piperacillin62.5%, Cefixime63.88%, Kanamycin48.61%, Cefepime43.05%, , ceftriaxone40.27%, , and Tobramycin36.11%,low resistance to Cotrimoxazole25%, Ciprofloxacin23.6%, Nalidixic Acid23.6% ,Aztreonam18.05%, Norfloxacin15.27%,Amikacin9.72%,Gentamicin8.33%, Chloramphenicol5.55%, cefoxitin1.38%, and Imipenen 0% .E.coli isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance .The MAR index of the isolated ranged between 0.2 and 0.8 . Most isolates harbor large molecular weight plasmids ranging from (1- >10) Kbp.

Four hundred and two samples of Cockroaches of Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica have been collected from some hospitals in Nasiriyah city. Forty-nine species of bacteria were isolated from cuticle layer and bowel of the cockroaches. The number of total isolates are 983, These species appeared predominantly in Hussein educational Hospital which appeared in 64.9%, Haboubi hospital by 25.6%, and finally the houses by 9.5%. As repeated eight bacterial species are Proteus mirabilis, Staphlococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella.spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescen by 9.26% ,6.6% ,6.51%, 6.31%, 6.1%, 6.1%, 5.8% ,5.5% respectively. When it is testing for antibiotic sensitivity using 19 type of antibiotics the result showed Gram negative bacteria multiple resistance to most antibiotics, especially VA (30mg), PY (30mg) ,CRO (30mg) ,S (10mg) ,AMC (30mg) by (94.9%, 86.2%, 81.5%, 76.5%, 75.5%) respectively, as well as Gram
positive bacteria showed multiple resistance, especially to SMZ (30mg) ,CAZ (30mg) by (80.3%, 77%)
also showed bacteria species isolated from cockroaches collected from the hospital more resistant to
antibiotics from that were collected from houses.

The present study deal with measurement some physical ,chemical and bacteriological properties of
Euphrates river such as(DO,BOD,TOC ,Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn ,Fecal coli bacteria) . samples collected from five
stations in Euphrates river and wastewater treatment station near Al-Nassyria city center - south
Iraq,during the period Autumn 2011 to summer 2012 .The result showed that dissolved oxygen value
ranged between (0.06-10.75) ml/L, BOD5 were recorded (1.8-108) ml/L, TOC were recorded (0.95-4.99)%,
total number of Fecal coli bacteria were recorded(350-10)cell/100ml .This study showed that the
concentrations averages of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in dissolved phase in water were (0.23,0.72,2.05,2 and
5.1)/L,While there concentration in particulate phase were (4.08,18.8,11.3,22.07and 34.9)µg/g dry
weight.The concentration in sediments were(3.18,21.4,37.5,68.8and 31.9)µg/g dry weight.some of these
characteristics (dissolved oxygen ,biological oxygen demand ,fecal coli

This study aims at the cartographic representation for the concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO)
measured in ambient air of Basra City, by using a calibrated portable QREA II gas monitor. Measurements
have been carried out for three days during Mar/2012, in 34 sampling stations which have been selected on
an equal-distance grid of the study area map. A cartographic representation of the recorded values for this
pollutant has been applied, in the way of isoclines, and an accurate identification could been obtained for
spatial variability of the levels and impacts of carbon monoxide pollutant, and the affected areas have been
exactly calculated, as well as actual number of affected population has been estimated. The present study
concluded that about three quarter of the surveyed areas and habitants may be suffered from the studied
pollutant, and that this problem perhaps worsens in accompanying with the anticipated rise in gaseous
emissions released into the urban environment of the study area.

In this study two new azo dyes were prepared from 4-acetaminophenol with 4-amino-N-2-pyrimidinyl_ benzenesulfonamide & 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-benzenesulfonamide were prepared. The prepared
by Fox method, the azo dyes were identified by IR- spectrophotometer, UV-visible spectroscopy and
elemental analysis (CHN). The absorption spectra of the azo dye was recorded with wavelength in the range
(360-600) nm in universal buffer solution of different pH values. From these spectra, the ionization and
protonation constant were calculated by using the half height method. It found that the value of the ionization
constant (pKa) closely which interpret the ionization of the hydroxyl group. Theoretical calculations for azo
dyes were studied by quantum chemical calculations. The optimized structures of the azo dyes were obtained
by molecular mechanics (MM+), and then further geometry optimization was carried out by the semiempirical molecular orbital theory at the level of AM1 of the theory. Study Shown, the configuration II more
stable because of have high energy gap ΔE and high stability. Also the dipole moment, heats of formation,
molecular orbitals energy of HOMO and LUMO were calculated.

The present study include isolation and identification of some pathogenic fungi and bacteria from
restaurant and meat shop's in AL-Samawa city by taking samples from 15 restaurants and 15 meat shop's,
choose randomly with three replicates for each sample on solid culture medium Potato's Dextrose Agar (PDA)
for fungi and Nutrient Agar for bacteria. The results showed several fungal and bacterial species were isolated
from these places, for restaurants fungal species were: Rhizopus stolanifer, Penicillium notatum, Fusarium
oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporium sp. and Aspergillus
flavus, with percentage of frequency which has (21.78, 10.89, 7.92, 8.91, 18.81, 7.92, 6.93 and 16.83)%
respectively, while the bacterial species were: Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum , Escherichia coli,
Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobacillus subtilus (12.16, 9.45, 21.62,
18.91, 16.21, 12.16 and 9.45)% respectively. From meat shop's the isolated fungal species were: Aspergillus
niger, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolanifer and Cladosporium sp. (23.91, 16.30,
19.56, 28.26 and 11.95)% respectively, while the isolated bacterial species were: Salmonella typhi,
Staphylococcus aureus ,Lactobacillus subtilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Clostridium
perfringens (15.87, 19.04, 17.46, 9.52, 23.80 and 14.28)% respectively

The current study included a choice of three stations in Al-Masab Al-Aam and samples were collected
in the period from autumn 2011 until the summer 2012. Diagnosed in the current study showed (159)
species belonging to 71 genera, and was Bacillariophyceae are prevalent at 73 species belonging to 25
genera, represented central 8 kinds belong to 2 genera, and pennales in 65 species belonging to 23 genera,
while greens algae was 37 species belonging to 23 genera, blue greens algae represented by 40 species
belonging to 17 genera, followed by Euglenophyceae represented by 6 species belonging to 3 genera and
yellow algae represented by 2 species belong to 2 genera, while red algae was only one type belong to
one genus . Bacillariophyceae fully sovereign associating percentage on items other algae diagnosed at
all stations of the three studied was 43% in the St.1 40% in St. 3where as had the lowest rate of 39% in
the St.2, represent the lowest percentage among the varieties of algae Xanthophyceae, recorded 2% in the
St.1 and St.2 but did not, recorded any rate in the St.3. The study showed the presence of (90) species to (52) genera in the first station, and (84) species back to (49) genera in the second station, and diagnosed (91) species back to (43) genera in the third station, and recorded units taxonomic following the highest number of species during the study period (Nitzschia Spp. Oscillatoria Spp. Scenedesmus Spp. and Navicula Spp.

This study was concluded in laboratories of the Hussien teaching hospital/department of industrial
kidney in Karbala governorate during the period between 1/10/2011 to 1/4/2012 to fine the relationship
between some biochemical parameters and chronic kidney failure patients men.The study was carried out on
(36) men that undergo from failure of the kidney chronic during their admission the hospatital then the
results that obtained compared with the control group that included (36) healthy male. The results revealed
that a significant increase (p<0.05) in urea, total keratinine and uric acid concentration in blood serum
compared with the control group, and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the potassium and sodium ion
concentration compared with the control group, but the results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the
calcium ion concentration as compared with the control group.

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Routers can forward packets through an internetwork by maintaining routing information in a database
called a routing table. The routing table typically contains the address of all known networks and routing
information about that network such as: Interface, Routing Path, Next Hop, Route Metric (Cost) and Route
Timeout Routers build and maintain their routing database by periodically sharing information with other
routers. The exact format of these exchanges is based on the routing protocol.
The output of this study is Compare between routing protocols (Routing Information Protocol v2 and
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
).Design and implementation by using (GNS3) Graphical Network Simulator and we also Configuring the
exchange of routing information between routing protocols is called route redistribution. Redistribution can be
done between various Interior Gateway Routing Protocol routing protocols.

(PVA- CoCl2) films with different thicknesses were prepared by casting method. The thickness of the
prepared films were 15, 25, 35 and 45 µm .The optical transmission (T %) in the wavelength range 190-900
nm of films deposited was measured. The results show that The absorption coefficient α ‹104
(cm-1 ) .These films show indirect allowed transitions , the optical energy gap about (4.31 eV) for (15 µm),(4.51 eV) for (25 µm) ,(4.68 eV) for (35µm) and (4.72 eV) for (45 µm). The real and imaginary part of dielectric constant
calculated and correlated with thicknesses

This study have been done to know the sensivity of the fungus Penicillium digitatum (Pers.:Fr)
Sacc.toward some bicarbonat salts ( NaHCO3 , KHCO3 and NH4HCO3 ) at various concentration ranged
between( 0.0 – 100.0)mM . The result indicates that the three salts give clear effect to inhibit fungal
colonies growth. There were a reversiabl relationship between the salts (bicarbonate) concentration and the
means of redial growth of colony. 10.0mM was gave the minimum growth inhibition while 50.0mM gave
the maximum growth inhibition. There were a reversiabl relationship between pH and the mean of redial
growth.The minimum growth inhibition was at pH = 7.0 while maximum growth inhibition was at pH = 10.0.There were a clear effect on colony diameter when there were an interaction occure between pH and
salts concentration , at 0.0mM concentration ,the minimum growth inhibition was at pH = 6.0 while
maximum growth inhibition was at pH = 8.5 . , at 5.0mM concentration ,the minimum growth inhibition
was at pH = 4.5 while maximum growth inhibition was at pH = 8.5 , at 25.0mM concentration ,the
minimum growth inhibition was at pH = 4.5 while maximum growth inhibition was at pH = 8.5 , and at
50.0mM concentration ,the minimum growth inhibition was at pH = 4.5 while maximum growth
inhibition was at pH = 8.5 .

World health organization (WHO) referred there were more than half and million person infected with
brucellosis in the world, and this number may be increased in the future. In Iraq the brucellosis considered
endemic disease in human and animals in spite of the measure steps that applied to control on the disease.
The study was performed to obtain the information about the disease from aspect: Ages, Regions,
Months of infection, commonest clinical symptoms.The data were collected from (266) patients of both
sexes in period between (First June-2010 to First June-2011) and the disease was diagnosed according to the
clinical signs and symptoms and using Rose Bengal test in AL-Sadder Hospital.The high percent of the
disease were recorded in females 143(53.75%),while the males were recorded in percent 123(46.24%). The
high percent of the disease were recorded in ages between (31-40)years in percentage 88(33.08%),followed by the ages between (21-30) years in percentage 72(27.06%).The disease was increased in months of spring
and first of the summer (March, April, May ,June) in percentage 43(16.16% ) , 34(12.68%), 29(10.90%),
21(8.8%) respectively. Amara district was the commonest region for infected with brucellosis in percent
100 (37.59%), followed by Kumait district in percent 55(20.67%)

This is a comparative study carried out into two groups of females of age range 25-60years:20 healthy and 21 female patients with hyperthyroidism group, who were attending Alsadar teaching outpatient hospital, Basra City, Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperthyroidism on the pulmonary function tests. Pulmonary function tests such as FEV1, FVC, FEV1%, PEF and estimated lung age were all measured for all subjects involved in this study .The measurements were done by using a Spirolab III spirometer. It’s found highly significant declines (p<0.01) in FEV1, FVC and FEV1% in hyperthyroid female patients .While there was a significant decline in PEF at the level 0.05 of significance. The estimated lung age showed highly significant increase (p