Journal of the planner and development

The study aims at identifying the Israeli policies on the ground, namely colonial settlement and bypass roads, the confiscation of land and the separation wall, in addition to the administrative classification of areas in the West Bank according to the Oslo agreement, which will affect these areas, The study will attempt to shed light on the impact of this situation on the housing sector in the governorate of Jerusalem and the town of Al-Eizariya in terms of: the allocated areas, the extension and the urban spread of housing and its geographical distribution, And the problems that guide this sector, trying to develop a future vision for this sector in the town, based on the historical, descriptive and analytical method, using several tools, including: maps, photographs and field visits. And the use of the housing sector in the town as a tool for achieving demographic policies within the boundaries of Jerusalem. The impact of Israeli policies on the housing sector was not limited to The study recommended the need to develop plans commensurate with the reality taking into account all the variables to exit the planning models for the Palestinian situation, and away from the classic structural schemes that overlook the contents and content of the The reality imposed by Israel and its racist policies.

There are many factors affecting the formal structure of urban centers that are constantly changing and as the city expands and grows, these centers lose their integrated urban structure Because of these transformations within it and dynamically additions and changes in the urban pattern, which consists of several new architectural models influential For this purpose, the research sought to clarify the effect of this relationship between the urban pattern and the architectural model and its transformations in the integration of the formal structure of the urban centers and reaching a diagnosis of the main research problem(The impact of the addition of the architectural model within the urban pattern in achieving an integrated structure of the urban center) In order to solve this problem, identifying the reasons requires looking at the transformations of the urban pattern, the reasons for the transformation and the effect of adding the architectural model, The research hypothesis was represented by:(Formal transformations occur in urban centers as a result of the continuous appearance of the architectural model within the functional urban mobility model), To find a collection of conclusions, the most important (It is possible to achieve urban centers integrated form and functionally through the creation of urban patterns with new meanings, influential and distinct syntactically from the urban environment with architectural models with new functions, multi-use harmonious and compatible with the spirit of the age(.

The study deals with the spread of the phenomenon of re-sorting and dividing the housing units with large areas into small pieces and sometimes up to less than 100 m 2 and non-compliance with the building laws, and found several reasons for the aggravation and spread of this phenomenon, including deterioration of the economic situation of the citizen and the increasing population density and family breaks and high rent allowances and unavailability And there are those who took advantage of this as a result of weak supervision by the specialized authorities in this matter, where the spread of this phenomenon to sabotage the civilized face of the capital Baghdad and generated several social and urban problems through the preparation of privacy and comfort and The provision of adequate standards for comfortable housing and increased pressure on the infrastructure services of the city so this research came to highlight this phenomenon and reduce its spread through the conclusions and recommendations that will be reached by research.

The nature and characteristics of the place are determined by the content of the development potential, be it natural, human or economic Resources, so the study and analysis of these potentials and resources of different and diverse provide a scientific basis for the benefit and exploitation, which leads to the development and growth of the place in all economic, social and urban aspects, The problem of research is that there is a weakness in highlighting the advantages of the province of the possibilities of development and diversity of spatial guidance "
The research aims to:
1 - Study the reality of the demographic, economic and natural potential of the province of Arbil
2 - Precise identification of the possibilities according to the logic and development areas and scribbled on the maps
The research hypothesis is that the study of the developmental potential of Arbil and its spatial identification will lead to the determination of its development priorities.

The study deals with the study of one of the city's vital urban elements and the spatial structure of the city and the role these elements play as influential elements in the organization of urban space. Where they dealt with general knowledge about the city's landmarks, including its definition and classification as well as the dimensions of the landmarks, which contributed to building a general knowledge base up to the procedural definition of landmarks. The study discussed the concept of urban space and the critique of a series of previous international, Arab and local studies that dealt with the relationship and impact of the buildings in urban space for the purpose of identifying the research problem, which stated: (the need for a comprehensive knowledge framework, Both at the holistic and situational levels). The objective of the research was to: (a) Provide a comprehensive knowledge framework that illustrates the role of milestones in the organization of urban space at the holistic and local levels). In order to achieve this goal, and after the conceptual and specific framework of the role of urban space has been built, a main hypothesis has been laid down: "The landmarks of buildings affect the organization of urban space at the holistic and local levels through its holistic impact on the organization of space structure, Open space directly related to the teacher and his visual image), which in turn were divided into a set of secondary hypotheses. In order to validate the hypotheses, a practical study was initiated, a selection of research samples was selected, and the theoretical framework was applied to the selected samples, which consisted of models of global and local characteristics, in order to identify the effectiveness of the theoretical framework in the analysis of the projects, Theoretical. Where the impact of selected samples on the organization of urban space has been revealed at both the comprehensive and local levels. The impact is on the holistic level in the organization of the space structure, the organization of the optical image of the space structure, and at the local level in the organization of the space directly connected to the teacher and the organization of his visual image.