Journal of University of Babylon

This research shows one of the deviations that afflicts linguistic structures, which is the aspect of (deletion). Ibn Jinni considered it as one of the courageous aspects in the Arabic language. Deletion gives grammatical and linguistic structures new horizons of meanings and connotations, such as glory, exaltation, threat, care, concern, specialization, sympathy, compassion, and others. To reach the full benefit of the research, I will present the research in four aspects. The first discusses the old and modern deviation, the second talks about the concept of deletion and its semantic value, the third discusses the reasons for the deletion and its reasons, and finally, the fourth aspect tackles the types of deletion and its conditions, finally, the fifth aspect discusses the purposes and objectives of the deletion.

This research employed a descriptive analytical approach to determine what is meant by empowering the Arab child in the light of the contemporary technological revolution. It involved multiple visions of the concept of child empowerment, the principles on which it depends and its most important dimensions including cognitive, psychological, social, and technological empowerment. This research also linked the rich Arab history with the features of the contemporary technological revolution and child empowerment. Several technological innovations and their applications were addressed: augmented reality, reality Virtual, the Internet, and mobile, and social networking applications. The research focused on alternatives to investing these applications in empowering the Arab child. Results indicated the prevalence of internet addictions, ideological violations, and distortion of aesthetic values. A five-dimension scenario was proposed for investing in contemporary technology to empower the Arab child comprising methodological, educational, training, legislative, and media dimensions.

The current research dealt with (the structure of educational thought and its representations in Buddhist sculpture) based on the idea that the structure of educational thought is embodied through the product presented by the artist that reflects the thought of his stage, and what the produced artwork performs as a job for a specific purpose, educationally or guidingly. The research contained four chapters: The first included a presentation of the research problem identified by the question: What is the intellectual and educational structure in Buddhist sculpture? In addition to presenting the importance of the research and the need for it. The aim of the study lies in: Knowing the structure of educational thought and its representations in Buddhist sculpture. The second chapter included the theoretical framework, and contained three sections, the first (the structure of Buddhist thought), the second (the concepts of Buddhist values and education), and the third (Buddhist art- its methods- its motives- its products). The third chapter included research procedures, which dealt with the framework of the research community, which included (30) works, and the study sample consisted of (3) works. The researcher adopted the method of content analysis as a method for her research, as it included the research tool, its validity, reliability, and its statistical means. As for the fourth chapter, it dealt with the results and conclusions that the research concluded, as well as the recommendations and suggestions. Among the results are: 1- The artist relied in formulating the work in form and content that was distinguished by dignity and wisdom 2- I found values in Buddhist thought intentionally employed in artistic productions, including moderation, sacrifice, Creation, virtue, beauty, and this is a clear indication of the artist's desire to transfer these values to others in order to influence them based on the structure of Buddhist thought itself. 3- The Indian artist embodied the image of Buddha's head by raising his hair to the top in a hierarchical manner through the so-called bump of knowledge.

This research is summarized by studying the characteristics of the Antoine personality in the theatrical texts of Ali Abd al-Nabi al-Zaidi. The research contained four chapters. The first chapter dealt with the research problem, which was identified by the following question: What are the characteristics of the introverted personality in the theatrical texts of Ali Abdul Nabi Al-Zaidi?
The importance of the research in revealing and reaching the results of the dimensions of the introverted personality, and the need for it came as it benefits the specialists, including authors, directors, students of personality psychology, and students in fine arts colleges and institutes. The aim of the research included identifying the characteristics of the introverted personality in the theatrical texts of Ali Abd al-Nabi al-Zaidi. As for the second chapter, it contained the theoretical framework, and it included two sections. The first section deals with the study of the concept of introversion, philosophically and psychologically, according to the concepts of psychologists. The second topic was concerned with studying the introverted personality in the global theatrical text, which included both Western theater and Arab theater. The third chapter included the research community of (12) theatrical texts by the writer Ali Abdul Nabi Al-Zaidi. The research sample contained (3) theatrical texts, while the fourth chapter contained Findings, conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.

The poetic product expresses inferences that have an intellectual and cultural depth in the contents of poetic sex, its artistic architectures and its textual problems; Therefore, the research aims to clarify the inferences of the Balfour Declaration and its intellectual and cultural dimensions in the context of Palestinian poetry, talk about the textual references to the Balfour Declaration in the context of Palestinian poetry and its intellectual and cultural implications, and clarify the foregoing with the descriptive approach by invoking models of Palestinian poetry, analyzing and investigating them, and then the conclusion of the research and in it The results, recommendations, and index of sources and references. Among the most prominent findings of the research are the results of the linking of objective inferences and axes in the Balfour Declaration to the revolutionary revitalization and intellectual and cultural enlightenment within the contexts and shrines of Palestinian poetry that have their implications at the level of structure and significance, and the inferences of the Balfour Declaration revealed the real features of the conflict and revealed the elements of the confrontation that It belongs to the Palestinian people in front of the Balfour Declaration and its effects on the central issue of the nation within an interactive textual context with its messages and intellectual and cultural intentions, the necessity of clarifying the features of the intellectual and cultural approach to the nature of historical events and their composition in the literary races of the creators of Palestine.

Lexical cohesion -the most prominent aspect of textual cohesion- study the interrelationships between the lexical elements that make up the text and their combination for achieving the features of textual continuity, because the words are the first bricks of text structure, which contain concepts related to the context and also allow the text to be produced and influenced. Due to its integrity of the subjects and its skillful selection of words, the "Alawiat" poems of Ibn abi al-Hadid as a valuable work of ancient poetry, is considered a rich source for studying criteria of lexical cohesion. It is noteworthy that the first poem was chosen, because it is a powerful beginning to which other poems in this collection are related. Therefore, the study identified the most prominent mechanisms of lexical cohesion in the first poem and analyzed their function in its cohesion, relying on statistics based on Holliday theory. It aims to clarify how these elements cooperate in the artistic illustration of the texts and receive its main meaning by analyzing selected verses with a descriptive-analytical approach. During the studies, it was concluded that the first poem is a fully integrated text made up of lexical relations that contains the main meaning of the poem and its images. Therefore, the two elements of reiteration and collocation have their unique role in text continuity and creating an aesthetic sense in the text. Moreover, they achieved the visual coherence of the text in order to get the main goal of the poem.

This is a research that vevolves around the morphological lesson Speciflcally in on of the methods of studying the Arabic language-the Language of the noble Qur،an –basedon interpretation and appreciation in assuming morphological forms for some of the Qur،anic vocabulary by Scholars related to the structureof names(abstract، added)،which are not arbitrary and absurd assumptions and to determine the reality of the meaning through the use of the methods of assumption،which is the (verbal conditional)،which is composed of the conditional tools،the verb of saying and its conjugations،which is anindication that it is an assumed reading and it is not permissible to read woth it if there is no narration in it.Among the indicative phrases suchas :'If the reader reads'،'If it was read'،and others with the judgmenton the assumed formula positive and negatirer the research investigated the opinions of scholars from the people of the language،interpreters readers،their directions and rulings. Key words: morphological assumption،noun structure،morphological rules ،Quranic singular،verbal requirement.

Space is an artistic phenomenon in Arabic literature and in poetry in particular. In this research, time has made a coded equivalent to the fragmentation of space in its path, in the space of the poetic text, in front of the process of peeling space, that is, moving from aesthetic judgments based on sounds to aesthetic judgments established by vision and consideration, and dealing with The text in its borrowed space is hostage to an awareness of space, and in our research focused on two axes, the first talked about the duality of space (the hypothesis of stability and transformation) in the sense of the poet’s use of a specific place on which transformations and temporal transitions take place by the daily and living action, and the other axis focuses on looking at space as another and the dialectic of the relationship between the self Iraq and its space, then the research touched on results that came to a reader of its details, which led to the fact that the Iraqi space is a space written with wound and illusion, separated by the past, the refraction of the present, the dungeon of the next, and then a conclusion that led to what the research led to.

The research deals with (the concept of madness in the Arab Dramatic text), and the research is summarized in the study at the beginning of the first chapter, the methodological framework that includes the research problem centered in the following question: What are the psychological reasons that prompted the personality to the Arab Dramatic text? Madness in the Arab Dramatic text, and the importance of the research in studying the sequence of light on the psychological reasons that drove the Dramatic character to madness in the Arab Dramatic text, after they were together in the beginning, and the researcher defines madness procedurally. A certain stage of the onset of the problem. The theoretical framework consists of three sections: the first topic deals the concept of madness socially and psychological, the second topic explains philosophical madness, and the third topic focuses on knowing the personality of the insane in the world Dramatic text. Analysis of the research sample represented by Dramatic scripts (Majnoun Laila). The Egyptian playwright (Ahmed Shawky). Among the search results:
1- Qais became madness because he was associated with love and it was related to a hopeless passion, it is the love that was disappointed by his intense rush، or the love that betrayed him by the fate of death.
2- Society has a role in causing Qais to go crazy, as he is the only crazy main character in this poetic dramatic text.
3- Qais did not pretend to be crazy، when society accused him with madness because he had his psychological and social reasons that drove him madness.

The aim of the current research is to reveal the effectiveness of the flipped class strategy in developing the jurisprudential concepts among Female Intermediate grade students. To achieve that goal, the research question was answered: What is the effectiveness of the flipped classroom strategy in developing the jurisprudential concepts among Female Intermediate grade students?, To answer this question, the following hypothesis was tested: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (α≤ 0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students (who studied with the flipped class strategy) and the control group's scores (who studied by the traditional method) in developing jurisprudential concepts.
To achieve this, the research followed the experimental approach with a quasi-experimental design for two equal groups with two measurements (before - after), to know the effect of the flipped class strategy on the development of jurisprudential concepts. The sample consisted of (64) middle school students, and they were divided into two groups. The experimental group, which was studied according to the strategy of the flipped classroom (30 students), and the other was the control group, which studied according to the usual method (34 students). The research tools consisted of an achievement test for the jurisprudential concepts, as well as building experimental treatment materials that include a teacher's guide to the Flipped classroom strategy. The results of the research concluded that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the students of the experimental in testing the concepts of jurisprudence as a whole and its different levels of knowledge in favor of the students of the experimental group. Finally, the research presented a set of recommendations and proposals.