AL-ADAB JOURNAL

The American poet W. S. Merwin (1927-2019) is one of the most important enthusiastic ecopoets. He protests against the maladies of modem life which viciously damage our environmental health and causes imbalance in the ecosystem. Merwin makes man aware of the consequences of being out of the natural order, and of making the ecosystem vulnerable to collapse. His ecologically-minded poetry, which is rich with the sublimities of the landscape, profoundly influences man's ideas about the relation with the other natural creatures, to bridge the gap between man and the Mother earth. He helps man perceive his proper place in the natural order. Industrialization and urbanization toxify man's bodies and environment. Besides, political crises and wars lead to ecological disasters. The poet artistically embodies these unnatural devastations which threaten the whole planet. His poetry is a call to maintain endangered species of plants and animals. Not only his poetry but also his life are dedicated to protect wilderness which is essential to preserve the human life. Most of his ecological poems spring from the Hawaiian rain forest for which Merwin was fighting to preserve.

Abstract
The afiat Ibn Maalik in syntax is considered one of the most famous syntactic systems. It had many explanations such as "Al-Bahjah Al-Murdiyah" for Al-Suyuti, and "Sharh Ibn Aqil" and "Awdah Al-Masalik" and "Sharh al-Ashmooni. The largest of them is" Al-Maqasid Al-Shafeya" by Abu Ishaq Al-Shatibi. The topic of this research is “Syntactic Preferences of Al-Shatibi" in his book “al-Maqasid al-Shafiyah”: Compilation and Examination. It sheds light on the preferences of al-Shatiby in the book and examine them. IThe researcher began with a brief introduction of al-Shatiby and his book. Then I made my study based on four topics. The first one is a general overview of the preferences of al- Shatiby; while the second shows the preferences based on the fundamentals of syntax and grammar. In the third topic I highlight preferences based on the meaning and consideration of the equivalent words with a parallel meaning. Finally, the fourth compares the preferences in al-Alfeyah to the book (Tasheel al-Fawaid) by Ibn Malik. Through this research, the researcher revealed several findings. Firstly, Al-Shatiby mostly mentions the more accurate opinion after simplifying all other opinions about it. He may even just mention the preference without bringing up the opinions, reasons, or evidence on the issue. Secondly, Al-Shatiby is more inclined to give preference to the opinion of Ibn Malik, and the Basrians, and to what is in al-Alfeyah than what is in (Tasheel al-Fawaid). Thirdly, there are preferences based on the fundamentals of syntax and grammar, and preferences based on other factors such as meaning and consideration of the equivalent words with parallel or similar meanings.

This paper examines William Carlos Williams’ “The Wanderer,” one of the earliest poems in his poetic career, in terms of one of the Imagistic tenets that Williams adopted, that is “Direct treatment of the ‘thing’, whether subjective or objective.” Although Williams was highly influenced by Keatsian idealism which appeared in his early works, yet “The Wanderer” presents his attempt of making this romantic ideology as a starting point for his more imagistic approach. The paper follows and investigates the journey of the poet (in the poem) in his flight from the heights of his past romantic wanderings into more local and modernist encounters which he presents as episodes and images. The culmination of this experience leads to a baptism ritual through which the poet announces a new wandering that is would be purely imagist.

The study examines the grammatical characteristics of the expression (Kun fayakun) in the Holy Quran in terms of determining the type of (Kana) and the (Fa) and its position in the syntax. It also seeks to identify its significance through the grammatical guidance tense (Yakun). The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to address the subject, through three axes: defining the phrase (Kun fayakun) in the Holy Quran, nominative case (Yakun) and its significance, and the accusative (Yakun). The most important findings of this study are : (Kana) in this context was complete, whether in the imperative or present tense. One of the most prominent features of this phrase is the fact that it predominates in four places. The occurrence of saying to say, then its restricted it to the five places, and directing the reading of the nominative to be based determining the type of the (Fa) ,some said it was a syndetic and others said it was an appeal , and the general indication for that Allah Almighty tells us about any matter Allah wills, so in Allah work, not the indication the universe stopped at Allah command (Kun) then it is formed and happens, as for directing the reading of the accusative, it is sympathetic with (An yaqul) or an answer (Kun) its indication is that the thing is God’s command to the universe, although it is a being in Allah work, but the creatures do not know this universe except in the future. The context in which the composition was mentioned is a context that requires achievement in speech to express it is absolute will, so that was in the shortest phrase (kun fayakun).

In literary criticism, both the context and the content of a given text; speech, graph, image, or picture are essential. It is the totality of these two elements that pave the way for a better understanding of any given text. Hence, since the purpose of every communication or speech act is comprehension, this study examines the stylistic profile of Wole Soyinka and Jean Pliya in The Lion and the Jewel (1964) and La secrétaire particulière (2001) respectively. The study adopts the French ‘explication de texte’ technique as its methodology to carry out a textual analysis of the two selected plays. As a theoretical framework, the study uses Edward Said and Homi Bhabha’s Postcolonial theory which interrogates the effects of the interactions between the centre and the margin with the view to reconstructing the worldview on matters of history, race, identity, and culture. Findings reveal that in resisting colonial domination and imposition, the two African playwrights take advantage of linguistic manipulations in the composition of their literary texts. With the application of transliteration, direct translation, proverbs, figures of speech, allusions, lexical borrowing, and grammatical and phonemic corruption, the writers are able to foreground their intention to post-colonialize and africanize their literary works.

This research falls within the framework of German linguistics, as it deals with the topic of adverbial sentences in the German language, especially the identification of adverbs as a phenomenon. Comparative studies help present useful materials to learners as well as expand their vocabulary and improve their language proficiency.This research deals with the nature of adverbial sentences and their comparison with adverbial sentences in the Arabic language. The reason for addressing this topic is that Iraqi students have a misunderstanding in learning this phenomenon, resulting into a problem in the translation process. That is why we try to eliminate or overcome learning difficulties as much as possible.It consists of two parts; the first part deals with the definition of the term adverb in the German language, its function, structure and subcategories of adverbs. In this section, the researcher also tries to examine any difficulties faced by the learners, so we have dealt with this term and defined it in detail, especially with regard to the problems of using it and facilitating its learning. The second part deals with adverbs in the Arabic language. The research aims to get rid of the traditional methods of situational understanding of Arabic-speaking students and to find new learning methods. All this creates a meaningful and comprehensive concept in which this topic would be explained and attention drawn to the problems of its use.

This research examines the modern Emirati novel and its emergence within the framework of modern Arabic literature when the entire Arab Gulf region witnessed a wide literary renaissance in culture and development. The aim of this research was to illuminate this cultural and literary space.We opened our research with an introduction. In the introduction, we discussed the subject, the reason for choosing it, and the approach followed. We presented a definition of the novel as a literary genre that came to us from the West after the Napoleon campaign, that campaign that initially affected Egypt, then the influences moved to the Arab world. After that, we divided the research into two sections. The first section was devoted to the topic of the emergence of the Emirati novel, its development, its trends: the historical, social and feminist trend ... and we separated some of its problems and issues. As for the second section, we discussed the subject of the technical elements of the Emirati novel. In which, we talked about the event, personality, time, place and language, all of which are essential elements in the art of the novel.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the structure of one of the most famous modern Russian novels - T. Tolstoy's novel "Kys". The novel can be attributed to the genre of dystopia – a work in which the author debunks various kinds of social doctrines and the very possibility of building an ideal society. The article examines the peculiarity of the construction of the novel, in which all chapters are indicated by Cyrillic or Glagolitic letters, and analyzes what meanings the author of the novel puts into the abc construction of his work.

rhyme is one of the terms in which the aspect of phonetic features is taken into account in the structure of the prose text. It is one of the innovative improvements that are common in all the arts of prose: such as letters, wills and shrines, as rhyme is a rhythmic phenomenon that has its aesthetic value and its impact on the text. The early Arabs are known for their eloquence and care for this color of Badi'a for them, especially the preachers of the pre-Islamic era because of its musical timbre, ringing of minds, and arousing attention. The arts of prose developed in the Abbasid era, and writers expanded in the use of rhyme and alliteration, so this wonderful color became one of the fixed traditions in writing letters and prose discourse, specifically the Diwaniyah and Brotherhood letters, so these letters were characterized by verbal elegance and vocal coloring, so they were a prominent stylistic feature in their works, and with the spread of preaching councils and religious lessons in Baghdad, rhyme became one of the most prominent means of expression and the arts of saying they have, but one of the most important means of influencing and attracting people. Accordingly, this study is an attempt to reveal the stylistic formation of the phrases of the most famous preachers and scholars of Baghdad in the sixth century AH, and the choice fell on the book " Sayd Alkhatir " by Ibn Al-Jawzi, Ibn Al-Jawzi was famous for his ingenuity in preaching rhyme, and says golden: "As for the verbal rhyme, it has a strong queen, and if improvised, he excelled". The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, with the help of the statistical method, which provided us with some data that may help us determine the density and images of rhyme, and its role in the stylistic formation of the text.

This study suggests remedies for the negative effect of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of children. It aims to determine the extent to which the children’s social lives, behavior, and cultures have been affected by the pandemic, and proposes appropriate plans and solutions to help them return to the lives they were accustomed to before the pandemic. This study’s problem is linked to the adverse effects on children resulting from preventive measures applied to stop the spread of the virus, including social distancing, closing schools and other facilities, and introducing quarantines. Despite the reality that these measures were aimed at protecting communities, they have affected children's psychological and social health and educational and cultural lives. On the other hand, violence against children has significantly increased, as studies conducted in various countries have concluded. This study is crucial because it draws attention to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on children’s lives, as these children are the future leaders. It concludes that most children worldwide have been affected since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the impact differing based on culture, family, cultural, and economic components. The study’s recommendations attempt to encourage the implementation of plans that match the age groups of children to deal with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic before these children return to everyday life so as not to be shocked when they discover that things have changed for good.

The research examines the role of the poetic image in the formation of the connotations within the poetic text of the poet “Shawqi Bzaig”, as the words move away from their lexical connotations to new connotations that contribute to giving the text its unique identity. The research aims to identify the stylistic structures employed by the poet in constructing poetic images such as imagination, myths, symbols, and the combination of contradictions, giving the poetic text the ability to renew through the inspiration produced by each new reading of the text.

Textual thresholds are divided into two main parts: the surrounding text, which revolves around the written text or book, and the subsequent text, under which all texts outside the book, produced by the author related to his book, fall. The threshold of the title is one of the most important surrounding textual thresholds that the recipient faces when reading a narrative text, as he remains reminded of it and represents its content and main idea in the narrative and semantic path of the entire story. Semiotics has paid great attention to this threshold, as it is the most important key to the text and exploring its depths, as it is entrusted with three basic functions: the designating function, the suggestive semantic function, and the seductive function.
This study examines the symbolism of the threshold of the title, and to reveal its various functions in the narrative productions of the Emirati writer Lulwah Al Mansouri, in her three collections, which are: (A Grave Under My Head), (The Village That Sleeps in My Pocket), and (When the Earth Was Square). This is done by reading the titles at two levels: the level of linguistic and syntactic structure, and the intertextual level, with the aim of revealing how this threshold establishes independent connotations specific to its linguistic structure on the one hand, and other connotations in its relationship to the text on the other hand, and searching for the forms of these relationships, and how they can the title - summarized at the level of linguistic structure - has the fulfillment of these semantic relationships, and the extent to which the recipient can reveal that the title achieves connotations that overlap with the contents and purposes of the text, and how the circle of significance of the title expands until it enters into intertextual relationships with other texts. Accordingly, the study has used the semiotic approach to achieve these goals.

The research examines the grammatical structures in the poem "Nam Al-Khali" by the pre-Islamic poet Al-Aswad Bin Yafar. It is a poem in which he laments himself and anticipates his death after his old age and blindness. The research aims to study the grammatical structures and their relationship with the anxious and melancholy psychology of the poet, and how it affected the composition of meaning. The research began with a preface that defines the structure and its divisions, and the relationship of the structure to semantics, then the poem under analysis. The research contains four sections; the first, the structures of news, the second, the structures of construction, the third, presenting what is due for delay, and the fourth, other structural characteristics. The study adopted the descriptive and analytical approach. The results of the study showed that the poem is characterized by a variety of grammatical structures that have close connotations with the meanings of self-pity and its bleak present. The past tense phrasal verbs dominated the poem, and the nominative sentences came in the adjectival forms identifying places that indicated stability.

The Emirate of Sharjah was known as the cultural capital of the United Arab Emirates. Appreciation is due to the efforts made in large sectors of the emirate, especially in the cultural and tourism sector, those efforts led by Sheikh Dr. Sultan Al Qasimi, Member of the Supreme Council of the United Arab Emirates, Ruler of the Emirate of Sharjah, culminated in placing the emirate in a great position nationally, regionally, and internationally, especially in terms of tourism and culture. These efforts were not only for the benefit of the Emirate of Sharjah, but also extended to many areas of the country and other Arab regions. Hence, this study aims to address the cultural development of the emirate and its cultural institutions and its reflection on the cultural tourism sector in the emirate, as it deals with the cultural and heritage institutions that have been established in the emirate and its historical development and its role in enriching cultural life and building a cultural identity for the Emirate of Sharjah, as well as focusing on Sheikh Sultan's interest in developing the emirate's resources and harnessing them with the aim of promoting the cultural and tourism sector over half a century.

Al-Idrisi dealt with an accurate description of the geography of the cities and terrain of the Levant and the nature of its people, as he visited it. The submission of some parts of which is to the Crusader occupation, therefore; he is considered among the most important historians who dealt with that important and critical era and referred to the conditions of the Levant under the Crusader rule. The research adopted the methodology of historical research in its two parts, description, and analysis, which is based on collecting scientific material related to the subject of research from its various sources, then interpreting it, deriving facts from it, defining its dimensions, and analysing it in order to reach the consequences of it, then arranging and formulating it to produce it in its final form. The research relied on several sources in addition to contemporary sources related to the subject of the research.

The Emirate of Sharjah is rich in great cultural and civilizational history, derived from the wise leadership - His Highness Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi- through his direct supervision of reviving historical sites to preserve the historical and cultural heritage, through the establishment of an independent body concerned with antiquities to protect them from extinction, to make the Emirate proud of its historical and cultural edifice. The archaeological and historical sites were not promoted and marketed in innovative and attractive ways, and digital and virtual technology were not exploited to show the historical beauty of which and to see all its archaeological features as if you were living those ages and wandering between those places and enjoying them.
This research aims to shed light on the management of archaeological sites and urban heritage, and to highlight their historical, civilizational and cultural importance, by enhancing the role of digital technology and virtual reality, to ensure the sustainability of these sites for future generations in innovative ways that keep pace with accelerators, and accept the inclusion of digital technology represented in (application AR-VR-Hologram-360), attracting archaeological tourism, and thus transforming the archaeological sites in the emirate into cultural destinations, commercial and economic value, with ancient historical value and competitive tourism sites, according to the requirements of the digital age, and strengthening the historical site of Al-Mleiha as an innovative historical tourist destination through the integration of digital technology. The concept of virtual reality technologies in promoting it, activating the role of virtual trips, and making it an innovative competitive tourism site.

The research introduced the methodological contexts for the idea of religious experience and some aspects of the biography of the philosopher Anthony Flew. The research has two sections, the first is the absence of rationality in atheism, and the second is religious experience through the biography of the British philosopher Anthony Flew. The philosopher tried to show the rational methodology that he followed in his journey to faith, and the research ended with a number of findings.

The research aimed to identify the effectiveness of the strategy (Collect - Suggest - Discuss) in the central thinking skills for fourth-year scientific students in the biology subject. To achieve the objectives of the research, the following null hypothesis was developed: There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who will be taught according to the strategy (Collect - Suggest - Discuss) and the average scores of the students of the control group who will be taught according to the usual method in pivotal thinking skills. To test the validity of the hypothesis, the experiment was applied and the experiment was chosen. The researcher has an experimental design with partial control for the experimental and control groups with a post-test for pivotal thinking skills. The research sample was chosen intentionally by the researcher and they are students of (Excellent Secondary School for Boys - Morocco) fourth scientific grade, from the schools of the Directorate of Education of Baghdad Governorate, Al-Rusafa/1. The sample amounted to the research included (180) students distributed among (6) classes. Random selection fell on Class (D), numbering (30) students, to represent the experimental group, and Class (B), numbering (30) students, to represent the control group. They were rewarded with the variable (intelligence, age). The researcher designed a tool to test pivotal thinking skills. The final test consisted of (30) essay and objective items. The validity and reliability of the test were calculated, as the test data were analyzed and treated statistically using (T-test) for two equal independent samples. The difficulty factor, the discriminatory power, and the effectiveness of the incorrect alternatives for the paragraphs were extracted, using (Kuder-Richardson-20), the Cronbach alpha equation, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the standard deviation. The results of the post-test showed that there was an effectiveness for the strategy (Collect - Suggest - Discuss) in skills. Pivotal thinking for the benefit of the experimental group. Based on the research findings, the researcher developed a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current search examined the effect of using chants in rectifying 5th Grade female students, Arabic grammatical rules in Baghdad city during 2022-2023. The research sample selected a pool of fifth grade primary schoolgirls. In Baghdad Governorate, the sample consisted of (68) from Al-Maroua Elementary School divided into two equal groups (experimental and control) with (34) female students in each group. (40) multiple choice items were designed, with four alternatives. The researchers used a number of statistical methods to analyze and process the data. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the test in favor of the experimental group. Thus, the results proved that the use of educational songs has a positive effect in rectifying errors in Arabic grammar among the fifth grade female students.

Vocational education is one of the most important branches of education due to its contribution to the preparation of intermediary cadres, which is the main driver of commercial, agricultural, industrial and service projects, as it plays an important role in supporting the development process as it appears clear on the national economy and the accompanying support for progress The civilization of the country, this research focused on the spatial analysis of vocational education in the city of Baghdad at the level of its districts and determining the extent to which each district needs this service, as this model of education is of great importance because of its direct connection with development and the need of the market.

Through the application of geomorphic-tectonic indicators, which are closely related to the shape of the river network and its measurements, it was found that the region has a high and medium tectonic index, meaning that the region suffers from tectonic changes that have a sudden impact on the landforms, and it also shows the relationships between the building processes with their corresponding forms. The earth's surface. It is worth noting that geomatic technologies have achieved application on data within its inputs (DEM - Raster Image Satellite), and within digital analysis software and building a geographical database, which reflects the possibility of planning for environmental sustainability in the region, The indicators differ from one place to another within its geographical location. The study dealt with a quantitative analysis of the secondary basins of the study area using equations of geomorphological indicators of the valleys, indicating the presence of tectonic activity . As the river network was extracted through the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the region was divided into (6) secondary basins, and then the equations of geomorphological indicators were applied, the collection of these indicators, and the design of a model showing the degrees of tectonic activity for each basin in the region. The study concluded that the region has high and medium tectonic activity.

This study aims to identify the laws and public policies related to family cohesion and community cohesion issued by the United Arab Emirates government, and to monitor and analyze the laws and public policies of the UAE government dealing with them. The study sought the answer to the key research question: What laws and policies has the UAE government issued to ensure family and community cohesion? Based on the descriptive analytical method, the study monitored and analyzed (7) family laws issued by the UAE government, (24) family initiatives, (5) UAE national policies towards the family, and the analysis of measurements of the community cohesion index, and the study concluded that the UAE has worked on developing several laws and national policies to promote family and community cohesion. The study also found that these laws and policies sought to address family issues and challenges at both the individual and group levels, which means studying the problems of family stability and developing comprehensive solutions for each of the individual, the family, and the different social groups.The study found that the UAE government has developed general policies for the level of community cohesion, given that addressing issues of community cohesion stems from achieving the community's goals in family cohesion, and paid attention to many of its initiatives.

Social capital is one of the resources inherent in the social structure that can be accessed and used for intentional actions; therefore, these resources, along with material and human resources, in educational institutions contribute to improving the quality of educational service. One of the research problems is the lack of realization of the importance and role of these resources by the workers in educational institutions, and one of its importance is the introduction of social capital as social resources in the process of education, The research aims to know how to invest the dimensions of social capital and its relationship to indicators of the quality of educational service in the Ministry of Education in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Social capital consists of a set of dimensions including-: social networks, social relations, social trust, social interaction and exchange, social values, and standards. These dimensions act as independent variables and are related to indicators of the quality of educational service, which include factors such as the educational system, curricula, teaching methods, assessment and examinations, student satisfaction, abilities and skills, educational attainment, educational democracy, and social equality, as dependent variables in the process. By investing in the dimensions of social capital that contribute to the provision of non-material resources for educational institutions, it is possible to improve the quality of educational service. A significant discovery of a research study was that the Ministry of Education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq has objectives, philosophy, and activities that demonstrate the correlation between each dimension of social capital and indicators of the quality of educational service.

This study aimed to identify the effects of home quarantine on the family. The study was applied to a sample of female students from the University of Sharjah, with the aim of identifying the negative social and behavioral effects on the family. The study was conducted on a sample of (118) married female students at the University of Sharjah, Department of Sociology, through designing a questionnaire and conducting a direct interview with (12) 12 families living in Sharjah. The study includes three sections, the first section deals with the problem of the study, the second section deals with theoretical trends and previous studies, and the third section deals with the field study and data analysis. Among the most important findings of the study are: the conditions of home quarantine and social distancing were not completely suitable for children's education. Less communication with relatives and friends As a result of that stone, there was great difficulty in reconciling family and academic situations. Addictive behavior appeared on the use of social media for both spouses. The spouses and children became afraid of grocery items, and they resorted forcefully and sterilized them constantly. The behavior of mood swings and nervousness was one of the biggest problems that all family members faced, as the study showed. Sleep disruption is the most dangerous for children.

The study aimed to investigate the current situation of women entrepreneurship in the UAE in terms of the personal, professional and social characteristics of female entrepreneurs, the motives that push them to enter the field of entrepreneurship, and the challenges they face. To achieve these goals, the study used a survey research method with a targeted sample of 210 businesswomen in the UAE. A survey tool was used to collect data. The study revealed that female entrepreneurs in the UAE possess a variety of personal, social and professional traits, including determination, flexibility and persuasive abilities. The results also showed that female entrepreneurs are motivated by various factors, including personal success, wealth and status, while Limited job opportunities and divorce emerged as important motivating factors. In addition, the study identified many challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in the UAE, including personal challenges such as lack of marketing skills, as well as environmental challenges such as insufficient start-up capital, and complex government procedures. The study recommended that female entrepreneurs focus on developing their marketing skills, hiring marketing consultants to help them develop effective marketing strategies, and prioritizing work-life balance by delegating tasks to trusted family members. In addition, emphasis was placed on providing financial support to aspiring women entrepreneurs.

The study aimed to identify the nature of the after-care programs provided by the Community Development Authority in the Emirate of Dubai and their impact on ex-offenders from their perspective. The study adopted a descriptive methodology using a case study guide and employed the interview tool. The researcher used a non-probability sample as it was deemed most suitable for the study's topic. The sample consisted of 16 ex-offenders from Dubai Central Prison. The study reached several key findings, including: the majority of the study cases were drug-related offenses; most of the participants were married with children, and their monthly family income ranged from average to limited, with many experiencing unemployment. The post-care programs do not cover all areas and are insufficient for the interviewed cases. They lack comprehensive post-care programs, and most of the staff members are unqualified and not updated to cope with the changing variables in society. Peer influence and a lack of a sense of responsibility are among the main obstacles preventing compliance with post-care programs. Additionally, the programs do not provide employment opportunities. The researcher suggests the establishment of a committee to reassess the post-care programs and the staff working on them, as well as the addition of economic support programs. The involvement of ex-offenders in the development and implementation of these programs is also recommended.

The current research attempts to analyze the theoretical and empirical knowledge about housekeepers' escape in Arab gulf societies by addressing factors and consequences of the phenomenon. The housekeepers' escape in Gulf countries becomes an important issue since its widespread in the last decades, and the multiple and complex problems that need to be analyzed in order to identify its negative impacts. An analytical descriptive approach has been adopted in the identification of various factors that lead to the problem. Indeed, many theoretical approaches have been attempted to understand the process of escape. Certain theories of sociology, for example, have been focusing on the role of social construction, non-normality, in addition to conflict of principles & values of individuals when dealing with this phenomenon. On the other hand, social processes have attributed the problem to explicit factors, such as circumstances, and others implicit through processes of simulation and imitation to escapes carried out by specific housekeepers.Theories of social control have based on the availability of opportunity to escape, being satisfied with the benefits obtained from other employers, in addition to external pressures, pushing for escape from domestic work. We should note that conclusions of previous studies have shown that escape of housekeepers can be traced to mistreatment in general, like being not allowed for instance to take a break, or undermined with their basic rights, including housing, food, appropriate clothes, and delay of wages. Besides, some housekeepers might not be inclined to work according to the concluded contract, and are sometimes encouraged by recruitment agencies, especially if they are females, for escape after the end of probationary period. We are obliged to note as well that there are individuals, families and companies who could benefit from the escape of housekeepers all along with gangs that organize and manage prostitution networks and other crimes.

The study aims to identify the social policy of the UAE via studying charities as a model for social institutions. The study adopted a qualitative approach. The SWOT analysis method was used for qualitative personal interviews with three focus groups. The study population consists of workers and administrators in three charitable associations and institutions represented by Dar Al Ber, Beit Al Khair, and Al Ihsan Charity. Each group consisted of six people from the administration and staff of the association. The results of the study indicated that there are many strengths in the work of charities, which involve the breadth of the community sphere, the use of technologies, automation, and electronic databases, as well as the funding, donations, and large financial support that these associations receive from individuals, the government, and private institutions. In addition, the existence of an organized and well-established legislative framework to regulate charitable work. In contrast, there are many weaknesses, including low human competence in aid departments in some associations, incompatibility between the number of employees and the volume of work assigned to the departments, a lack of qualification and job training processes, and a difference in the method of data entry for case managers or concerned employees. On the other hand, there are a number of opportunities for the development of charitable work, including the development of cadres who work in charitable societies, spreading the culture of charitable work, helping children of poor families or those unable to complete their education, and strengthening relations between institutions working in the charitable field and social institutions. Nonetheless, the total dependence of poor families on charities and the lack of planning constitute the most important threats that prevent charities from achieving their goals.