Thi-Qar journal for human science

Euphemism is used daily but remains unnoticed by us because we use it frequently due to our needs as human beings to sustain good social relationships. Since people created the earliest euphemisms to address themes important to their social lives—particularly concerns like death, religion, and other connected topics—they have a social element. Therefore, it did not remain obvious how to create and understand euphemisms, their most crucial factor. A cognitive stylistic investigation of euphemism aims to uncover the mechanisms that facilitate this process and examine how euphemisms are used in everyday language. This study try to achieve its aims by analysing Shaw's play "Candida" to find out the strategies of euphemism production used in the play.

One issue that is important at the university level is non-assertiveness which is a problem that Iraqi English language learners (ELT) need to address. It is crucial to pinpoint the cause of this issue in order to better comprehend it and, therefore, fix its origin. This paper aims at 1-Explaining the different aspects and contexts of nonassertive forms. 2- Identifying and analyzing Iraqi EFL undergraduates' difficulties in the recognition of non-assertive forms. 3- Identifying the inferences and sources of errors which affect the students' performance in such forms.
In this research paper, it is hypothesized that: (1) Iraqi EFL undergraduates still struggle to produce non-assertive forms of English and (2) exposing students to tests that focus on producing assertive and non- assertive sentences in an unequal way, makes it more difficult. A randomly selected sample of 25 fourth-year college students from the Department of English, College of Education, Wasit University, was given a written test with ten items. From the theoretical and analytical part of this research paper, it is confirmed that Iraqi EFLstudents have many difficulties in the recognition of non-assertive items, though the well percentage of correct responses that has reached to 64%, that doesn't mean that there are no difficulties which need to be identified and analyzed, so those difficulties have been identified according to error sources of language learners which clarifies the effects of interlingual, intralingual interference and induced errors on students' acquisition of non-assertive forms. It is intended that the study's conclusions will be helpful to researchers, curriculum designers, and English teachers of second and foreign languages.

Within the field of linguistics, pragmatics is a subfield that focuses on the utilization of language. This article focuses on the ways in which the transmission of meaning is dependent not only on the linguistic understanding of a language user but also on the context of an utterance in terms of the speaker's intention. This research therefore intends to describe the application of deixis in the process of developing medical leaflets. In this research, the questions that need to be addressed are as follows: 1) what kinds of deixis are realized in the medical leaflets? 2) What are the pragmatic meanings of deixis that are used in the medical leaflets, and 3) Which types of deixis are used the most frequently in the data that has been collected? Consequently, the aim of the study is to determine the deixis forms and meanings that are utilized in the medical leaflets. A number of pragmatists, including Levinson, Yule, Mey, Leech, and others, are utilized as a model of the study. With regard to the description of the utilization of deixis in written medical leaflets, this research makes use of both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Through a random selection process, forty medical pamphlets are selected for collection. It was postulated in the study that the two types of deixis that are most significant in the process of composing medical leaflets are the person and the time. This research comes with a variety of findings that provide evidence that supports the hypotheses that were tested.