Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research

This study includes three parts: isolation of Enterotoxigenic Bacteroid fragilis from 94 stool samples collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city from the beginning of March/2020 to the end of April/2021. Stool samples were streaked on BBE media in an anaerobic condition for 24-48h. Identification of Fragilis was done based on morphological characteristics on BBE media: gray convex small rounded colonies surround black zone colonies and molecular method using specific genes 16S rRNA and bft gene. Results showed 34 Fragilis isolates were positive for the 16S rRNA gene and 5 Fragilis positive for the bft gene were classified as Enterotoxigenic Fragilis (ETBF). ETBF isolate which was positive for the bft gene and 16S rRNA was purified by using the Van Tassel method. 30 male mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice for each group the first group as control, the second group is positive control mice administered daily2% dextran sulfate sodium for 30 days, the third group mice administered by stomach tube 2%DSS for 10 days after 10 days mice administered with 20 µg of bft toxin by stomach tube for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, all groups of mice were killed by euthanized ethics. Tissue samples (liver, intestine, and spleen) from mice were removed. The organs were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological techniques. Histopathological changes in the third group, in the liver section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin, showed: necrotic hepatocytes and dilated sinusoids with hemorrhage. Histopathological changes in the intestine section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: sloughing and degenerated villi and shorten villi. Histopathological changes in the spleen section of a mouse inoculated with DSS+bft toxin showed: amyloid infiltration and all lymphoid follicles depleted with necrotic lymphocytes.

Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan that caused amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery, it is an intestinal disease which infects colon and liver Amoebic dysentery is spread all over the world. E. histolytica is causing the death of human cells and leading to develop invasion, and ulceration of the intestine. However, amebic liver abscess (ALA) considers as major common extraintestinal disease caused by E. histolytica. The current study was designed to estimate the effect of E. histolytica trophozoite on liver functions through the evaluation of some bio-chemical parameters for patients with amebiasis. Blood sample were collected from patients with amoebic dysentery after diagnosed about 100 from stool sample from them microscopically and detected by PCR technique to confirm the infection with am-amebiasis, all sample with amoebiasis were subjected to biochemical study after the separation of serum. Biochemical parameters that included during this study were AST, ALT and ALP. Lipid profile included Triglyceride and Cholesterol as well as some minerals like Iron, Zinc, and Potassium. The results for the level of AST and ALT were showed a high significant difference (P<0.01) where AST was (22.84+/-7.83) in patients’ compared with (55.36+/-16.8) in control groups and ALT level Was (20.4+/- 9.37) in patients compared with (47+/-20.1) in control groups. Additionally, there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in ALP level where it was (351.7+/-235.2) in patients with amoebic dysentery compared with (336. 13+/-204.08) in controls group. Triglyceride were also checked in patients with amoebic dysentery and the results showed that a significant difference (p<0.05) between (166.72+/-62.4) in patients and (135. 43+/-45.2) in control groups. Cholesterol level was also checked in patients and the results showed there is no significant difference (P>0.05) between (185.8+/-77.2) in patients and (160.19+/-51.3) in controls groups. In addition, some minerals were studied during the following study like Iron, Zinc, and Potassium for patients with and the results were not showed a significant difference (P>0.05) in zinc, potassium and iron where the level of iron were ( 85.24+/-16.58) in patients compared with ( 81.22+/-15.5) in control groups, while the level of zinc were (108.09+/-24.4) in patients and ( 101.76+/-24.4) in control groups , the level of potassium were (3.73+/-1.89) in patients and compared with ( 3.84+/-1.14) in control groups.

External egg traits like egg length, breadth, shape index, volume and surface area play important roles for egg hatching, embryo growth, and chick survival. 313 fertilized eggs were collected from three genetic lines of Japanese quail named (white, brown, and gray) in four collected ages (57, 64, 71, and 78) days. After collecting the traits were measured by using electronic balance (0.001gm.) sensitivity, and caliper vernier (0.01 mm.). The data show significant differences between some traits and some of them differ with the age of birds and the interaction between the genetic lines and age of collecting eggs. Our results conclude there were significant differences between the three genetic lines on egg external traits and between the collecting age and their infarctions. May its helpful for future studies to establish lines special for egg production, or to make studies on molecular levels.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of spirulina (as a food supplement) on the reproductive performance of adult female rabbits. Female rabbits (16 to 18 weeks old) were divided into three groups (10 rabbits/ group). These groups are: (Gr.I) as a control group and (Gr. II) spirulina was given at a dose (0.5 g / kg of body weight) and (Gr. III) was given a complex of folic acid, B6 and B12 (2.5 + 50 +1 mg / kg body weight) all groups were treated for four weeks. At the end of the treatment period, 2 untreated males (two males/ group) were naturally mated with treated females. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the estrogen concentrations among all groups, while the progesterone concentration showed a significant decrease in the third compound group compared to the control group and DXN-spr. Also, the testosterone hormones did not show significant differences in all groups. FSH and LH concentrations appeared to be significantly decreased in the third group than in the other two groups. The fertility rate and the number of female fertilities increased in the second group (DXN-Spr.) compared to the other groups. There was also a significant increase in birth weight and fertility rate in this group compared to the control and group No. 3 groups. We conclude that oral dosed spirulina (0.5 g/kg body weight) acts as a natural antioxidant that improves reproductive efficiency and reproductive hormones.

The present study aimed to detection and identified the infection 0f Mycoplasma haemocanis in dogs through clinical manifestation, blood film, conventional PCR technique and sequences analysis. The total number of dogs examined clinically were one hundred, and 25 clinically healthy control in southern Iraq provinces. Examined dogs showed various clinical signs. Blood samples were taking for hematological and biochemical analysis. 72 (72%) of blood smear were positive for Mycoplasma haemocanis, whereas 33(45.8%) positive based on conventional PCR technique. hematological examination in infected animals showed a significant decrease in mean of TRBC, Hb and PCV and significant increase (p>0.05) in the TLC. biochemical examination indicates a significant increase in AST, ALP and ALT in infected animals. The local Mycoplasma haemocanis were showed genetic variant related to NCBI-BLAST Mycoplasma haemocanis Turkey, Thailand, Brazil, and India isolates. In conclusion Mycoplasma haemocanis have been diagnosed in dogs in Basrah city with various clinical manifestation from in apparent to sever anemia, emphasized the infection using conventional PCR technique, and Phylogenetic analysis confirm the identification of Mycoplasma haemocanis as a new submission of local Iraq, with 99% identical to India, Brazil, Thailand and Turkey DNA sequence.

Orf which is commonly referred to as contagious ecthyma is a viral infectious disease that infects small ruminants. Little is known about the disease status in our geographical region. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Orf virus in sheep in Basrah province, southern Iraq. Serum samples were randomly collected from 380 sheep of different age and sex groups from 4 different regions in Basrah province, which were Zubair, Abulkhasib, Shatt Al-Arab, and Qurnah. The samples were tested by ELISA for the presence of IgG antibodies to the Orf virus. Out of 380 animals screened, 98 animals were found positive for ELISA, which reveals an overall prevalence of 25.7%. There was no significant difference in the seropositivity between male and female animals. On the other hand, the seropositivity was significantly higher in lambs of the age group 1-6 months in comparison with the other age groups (6-12 months and more than 12 months). This finding indicates that the virus is highly prevalent in Basrah province as confirmed by the ELISA test.

The present study has been conducted for the detection of gastrointestinal parasites isolated from cats and dogs in Basrah province from November 2018 to January 2019. One hundred fecal samples were collected from cats and dogs. Samples were submitted to the parasite’s lab in college of veterinary medicine of Basrah university. for diagnoses by direct microscopic examination and concentration methods. Gastrointestinal parasites of cat identified in this study were: Toxascaris leonine 58.8%, Toxoplasma gondii 11.7, Isospora spp 11.7%, Entamoeba spp.17.6% , and for dog were Dipylidium caninum 21%, Toxocara canis 10.5%, Isospora canis 36.8%, Cryptosporidium spp. 5.2%, Giardia spp. 10.5%, Entamoeba spp. 5.2% , Ancylostoma caninum 10.5%,

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of metformin in combination with vitamin B12 and folic acid on lipid profiles and serum homocysteine levels in male rabbits. The study included twenty-four male rabbits that weighed (1.5-2 kg), and were divided randomly into four groups (six rabbits/group). The control first group was administrated (5 ml) of distilled water; The second group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W) plus vitamin B12 (500 μg/kg B.W) daily, the third group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W) plus folic acid (5g/kg B.W) daily and the fourth group was given metformin (125g/kg B.W), folic acid (5g/kg B.W) and vitamin B12 (500 μg/kg B.W) daily, the rabbits were followed up for one month. The results revealed a decrease in the final body weight and body weight gain in all treated groups as compared to the control group. The homocysteine parameter decreases significantly in the second group which was given metformin and B12 and the third group was given metformin in combination with folic acid as compared with the control group and group four. It showed a significant decrease in the fourth group (metformin + folic acid + vitamin B12) compared with the second and third groups also the glucose level increased significantly in group three compared to group second, fourth, and control group. The results showed that serum cholesterol and TG have decreased in G2 and G3 while an increase in G4 as compared with the control group, and the HDL was decreased in G2 and G4 compared with control and G3 groups. While the results of LDL and VLDL were increased in G3 and G4 compared with G2 and the control group.

According to their accessibility and lower cost-effectiveness when compared to synthetic chemical treatments, medicinal wild plants and herbs have been used for ages as beneficial tools in the management of many diseases. The popular medicinal plant Vitex agnus-castus, which is indigenous to the Mediterranean region and widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North Africa, is used to treat a number of conditions and diseases, including premenstrual syndrome, mastalgia, infertility, and menstrual cycle management. The current study examined how the aqueous extract of the vitex plant compared to clomiphene citrate in female rabbits. In this experiment, nine female rabbits were divided into three equal groups. Aqueous vitex plant extract was administered to the first group for 15 days, clomiphene citrate was administered to the second group for 5 days as aspect of an approved course of treatment, and distilled water was administered to the third group for 15 days as a control. To determine the impact of the aqueous extract of Vitex agnus castus on the functions of the female rabbits' body organs, the complete blood count (CBC) and GLU, UREA and CREA were calculated. In addition, the analyses of blood picture showed a significant disparity, enzymes; even histopathology results in compare with control which showed a significant decreasing in WBC count has observed in the vitex extract (F) group that was 4.7 for WBC and 4.45 for RBC while 9.8 for HGB. On the other hands, decreasing of WBC count observed significantly in the clomiphene citrate (C) group that was 3.9 for WBC and 5.3 for RBC while HGB was 6.4mg.

This study was done in three stations the Darbandikhan dam with GPS Coordination of this station 35°7’16’’N (Latitude) 45°43’18’’ E (Longitude), Sirwan River located in 35°7’17’’N; 45°50’54’’ E and Tanjaro River Side with GPS Coordination of Tanjaro River Site sample location details 35°14’22’’N; 45°51’58’’ E to study the heavy metals contamination in water and selected organs of carp lived in these three locations and for six months. The studied heavy metals include Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co and Cr analyzed by ICP-OES (Spectro acros). The bioaccumulation levels of heavy metals by passing time in the liver of the fishes is significant P≤0.05 for all the studied heavy metals. Hg was higher significantly P≤0.05 in November 2021 and January 2022. Cd in October 2021. Pb in October 2021. Cu in September 2021. Co in September 2021. The Hg concentrations in common carp liver were higher significantly P≤0.05 in Sirwan station, the Co and Cu were higher significantly P≤0.05 in Darbandikhan dam fish, the Pb and Cd were higher in Sirwan and Tanjaro fish liver. In most months the bioaccumulation of Hg in fish gills is below the detectable level except for November 2021 which was higher and January 2022 which was lower significantly. Cd was significantly P≤0.05 higher in August 2021, the Pb in each of September and October 2021. The Cu was higher in November 2021, and the Co in October 2021. Pb was higher significantly P≤0.05 in each Sirwan and Tanjaro. Cu increased significantly P≤0.05 in Sirwan and Darbandikhan dams. Due to the annual mortality of fish in Darbandikhan, Sirwan and Tanjaro river the present research done in order to detect the main reasons of water pollution with some heavy metals and its relation to fish mortality and detect the levels of some heavy metals in some fish organs

A new pyrimidine derivative was prepared by reaction of Pyridimine-4,5-diaminewith 3-Phenyl propanal in good yield. This new Schiff base was characterized by elemental analysis, Infra-red and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H- NMR) spectroscopy. The toxicity of the compound was also assayed via the determination of their LD50 value by using Dixon method. LD50 of the novel compound was 618.75 mg/Kg BW when administered Intraperitonially. In Atorvastatin has been used as a controlled drug for the treatment of HFD-induced hyperlipidemia as improvement drug, both atorvastatin and pyrimidine derivative prevented the increase in serum and hepatic levels of total cholesterol (TC), total glycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and increased serum and hepatic levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) in HLD-fed rats. The results of the histopathological study of sections of the liver of the study groups confirmed their conformity with the physiological study.

This case was recorded in Basra province, southern Iraq, in February 2018. A case of a pregnant camel was reported in the last days of pregnancy, according to the owner of the animal and the date of the case. As soon as the case was received at the veterinary consulting clinic at the College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basra, the camel was suffering from labor contractions for two days, without the appearance of fetal fluids or a fetal sac (water bag). The animal was manually examined vaginally, and it was found that there was a twisting of the uterus (uterine torsion) in a counterclockwise direction of 180 degrees. The decision was made by the specialists that a cesarean section should be performed. A cesarean section was performed and a dead fetus was extracted. The necessary dealings were taken after the operation and instructions were given to the owner to take care of the animal and to complete the required treatments.

The present study deals with causes of infertility abnormalities in queens. The sample of the present study consists of eight of the female reproductive system of queens. The sample of this study was collected from queens of different places in Basra randomly. Then the female reproductive system of queens was completely removed by the operation of ovario- Hysterectomy in which this operation was done weekly in the laboratory of surgery in Basra Veternerary Medicine,The female reproductive system was completely grossly diagnosed in order to know the infections in it. In addition, our study confirmed the importance of the ovaries and uterus in fertility of queens, The present study showed that six of the sample were uninfected in which the percentage was (75%); while two of the sample were infected in their ovaries and uterus in which the percentage was (25%). The result of the study showed that one of them has follicular cyst (12.5%) in ovary and endometritis (12.5%) .

The study's objective is to evaluate the enhanced effect of Ghrelin (GRE) on sperm analysis and the antioxidant system in male rats after inducing hyperthyroidism by L–thyroxin. The rats (50 males) were split into five groups. The first group consisted of 10 male rats that were given normal saline for 30 days S.C and set as a control group. While the second group (positive group) was 10 male rats with hyperthyroidism were given normal saline for 30 days S.C, the third group was 10 male rats with hyperthyroidism were given Ghrelin at a dose of (0.5nmol/100μl saline) for 30 days S.C, and the fourth group was male 10 rats with hyperthyroidism were given Ghrelin (1nmol/100μl saline) for 30 days S.C. The fifth group consisted of 10 hyperthyroid male rats that were given Ghrelin at a dose of (2nmol/100μl saline) for 30 days S.C. The results show a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in all parameters of sperm analysis, the number of births and antioxidative system in hyperthyroid group compared to control group. While, all treated groups with GRE (0.5, 1 and 2 nmol) shows enhance effect in sperm analysis, the number of births and antioxidant system compared to the hyperthyroid group.

A total of twenty-six local chickens were representing shank feathering and non-feathering shank were used to sequence five QTLs, which associated with shank feather trait in chicken. The five location sequence results were shown polymorphism between the shank feathering and non-feathering shank. All the candidate markers were differed between the shank feather and non-feathering shank. The big distance was in (ADL221), and the less distance was in marker MCW315.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common serious stirring disease of the pancreas characterized by strict abdominal twinge that lasts for days to weeks. Rats were injected with high dose of the amino acid L-arginine (500 mg/kg B.W.). The study has been done to induce acute pancreatitis (AP) by L-Arginine (Arg) and to investigate the effect of AP on body weight, body weight gain, serum amylase, lipase, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine parameters. In addition, some histopathological changes in pancreas and intestine were examination in male rats.
Serum amylase, lipase, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and MDA levels significantly increased in rats with L-Arginine induced AP. However, the boy weight and body weight gain, serum GPx, SOD and CAT activity significantly reduced. In addition, some histological changes in pancreas and intestine were identified, reversed and improved with ALA treatment.

Bacteria is the main cause of the genital disorder. Abortion, recurrent abortion and placenta retention are the main disorder accompanying with pregnancy failure. The current study aimed to find the relationship between this disorder and Campylobacter infection and main Campylobacter species related to this disorder. For this purpose, 50 aborted fetuses and vaginal swabs were collected. Case history and multiplex PCR were applied. The result showed that Campylobacter detected at a rate 26% in abortion cases and 61.5% of positive cases of campylobacter spp. are accompanied by placenta retention. The current study revealed that 75% of positive cases of campylobacter spp. accompany with recurrent abortion. According to MPCR test, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli were detected in a rate of 86.65%, 12.3%, and 0%, respectively.

This work was designed to conduct an anatomical, histological, and histochemical comparative study of the duodenum between common moorhen and domestic fowl. Thirty birds of common moorhen and thirty birds of domestic fowl that were obtained from a commercial market (Al Basra city) were used in this study, and the work was conducted at the veterinary medicine collage, University of Basra. The anatomical study showed that the duodenum was a convoluted tube that extended as a U shape and held the pancreas between the two arms of the duodenum. The duodenum has similar histological structures in both domestic fowl and common moorhen where the wall of this tubular organ is composed of four layers (tunica mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa). The results of statistical analysis revealed significant differences at level P<0.05 in the thickness of (tunica mucosa, crypts, tunica sub mucosa, and tunica muscularis) between two birds. The histochemical study of the duodenum revealed the carbohydrates distribution on the mucous layer and columnar epithelium and around the intestinal glands, while the glycogen granules distribution around the glands and muscle layers.

The aims of the study were to determine incidence ratio of brucellosis in aborted ewes in Anbar governorate using real time PCR technique and bacterial culture and evaluating the efficiency of bacterial culture. 50 samples of stomach contents of an aborted fetus and vaginal swabs from aborted ewes were collected. The incidence ratio of brucellosis in ewes in Anbar governorate were 72% in PCR test However in bacterial culture were 46%. The positive prediction value and Negative prediction value and Sensitivity and Specificity of bacterial culture were (100%, 51.8 %,63%,100%) respectively when use Real time PCR as an assessment test. Conclusions: Anbar province is endemic with brucellosis, especially in sheep. The Real Time PCR is a fast, easy and accurate test in detecting even small numbers of bacteria in a sample, Significant superiority of polymerase chain reaction technology over bacterial culture.

The goal of this study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pet dogs and cats during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Iraq. Serum samples were collected from 180 animals, including 96 dogs and 84 cats. All animals included in this study were owned animals from a household with at least one COVID-19 patient. Serum samples from dogs and cats were screened for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the commercial ELISA assay (ID Screen® SARS-CoV-2 Double Antigen Multi-species) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The seroprevalences for SARS-CoV-2 was 7.3% for dogs and 8.3% for cats but this difference was not significant. Also, no significant different in seropositivity between age groups, sex and breeds of pet animals. All positive animals did not show any clinical signs when contact with human SARS-CoV2 positive cases, suggesting that dogs and cats are likely asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2.

The present study was designed to determine the adverse effect of sodium benzoate (SB), vitamin C (Vit.C) alone and their combination on liver and kidney functions in rabbits. Thirty-six adult male rabbits were divided randomly into six equal groups. Group 1 (Control group) received orally distal water, group 2: Vit.C (200mg/kg BW/day) received orally, group 3: received orally SB (60 mg/kg BW/day), group 4: received orally SB (120 mg/kg BW/day). Group 5: received orally SB+Vit.C (60+200 mg/ kg BW/day) and group 6: received orally SB+Vit.C (120+200 mg/ kg BW/day). The result revealed a significant increment in ALT, AST, ALP and MDA in groups 4, 5 and 6 while total protein levels increased in G3 and G4 and decrease in G5 and G6 compared to control and another treated groups. The urea and creatinine levels increased in G5 and G6 as compared to another groups. In conclusion that SB administration alone and together with Vit.C caused adverse effect on liver and kidney functions compared to the group treated with the Vit.C alone and control groups.

The current study was done in the hatchery unit/ animal production department/ directorate of agricultural research in Sulaimani province from 28 March – 7 May 2022. Three hundred (300) eggs were used to study the effect of egg shape parameters on the characteristics of hatched chicks. Immediately after collecting the eggs, the eggs were weighted by using electronic balance (0.01 g) sensitive, and the length and Breadth for each egg was measured by using digital caliper vernier with (0.01 mm) sensitive. Our result indicates that the chick color was affected by the egg weight and the egg breadth (P<0.05) but another studied traits was not significantly affected on the characteristics of hatched chicks.

The current study was designed to assess some critical mineral elements concentration in the serum of camels using advanced methods like Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis (SEM-EDS) using scanning electron microscope of minute camel’s blood. The present study was conducted on forty-eight healthy adult males and females of camel (Camelus dromedarius) aged three to five years in three southern governorates of Iraq: Basra, Thi-Qar and Muthana (6 males and 10 females per governorate). Blood samples were applied to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to recognize the essential cellular morphological properties found in camel’s RBCs that assist camels to adaptation on harsh condition. While, serum was subsequently assayed for elemental analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM images of RBCs showed a smooth surface with a circumference invagination referred to tropical waist with difference in length and width of RBCs between male and female. While, EDS percentage atomic concentrations study of camel’s serum revealed different amount of essential, heavy and rare trace elements in both sexes from the Basra and Thiqar governorate and different levels in essential elements in the serum of both sexes of Thiqar and Muthana governorates.

A coronavirus is a group of enclosed single RNA viruses that infected mankind and animals, CoVs are members of the Coronavirinae subfamily, caused by a strain known as SARS-Cov-2 which consider a pandemic disease around the world .several clinical studies are Reaves that SARS-Cov-2 with SARS-Cov shares many biological characteristic features. These zoonotic viruses can enter the cell system initiated by binding of viral spike protein to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-2). Most severe coronavirus infections in human beings have been associated with a specific disease, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac disease. Extensive research has revealed the association between this virus and the appearance of cardiovascular diseases like (myocarditis, coronary syndrome, myocardial injury, and thromboembolism). In this review, we summarized the virus replication, Potential Transmission, pathological observation in animales virus, its effects on the cardiovascular system, and Coronavirus zoonosis

Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei infected mainly the Equidae and it is really fatal zoonosis. It was known since ancient times. The horses, mules, and donkeys can get infection by skin abrasion, and during direct contact between animals or with water instruments, also the bacterium can be found in the soil. Since the disease was eradicated from most of the developed world, Glanders is endemic in several countries surrounding Iraq and other related regions of the middle east. Regardless a limited space of Glanders free regions when they're no cases of Glanders can be detected by sensitive and specific tests, the disease can appears as reemerge infection in those places, and that interfere with control, monitoring and strategies for prevention, so the reviewing of disease with special interest on Iraq and surrounding countries have an important.