Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences

The study involved collection of the Nerium oleander leaves of two seasons (summer and winter) in 2014 which was taken from Baghdad (Amiriya). The leaves prepared by drying, grinding, the extraction which was carried by soxhlet apparatus with organic solvent (hexane). The pilot study (by using two rabbits for each dose of N. oleander extracts of the two seasons) was done for determining the range of doses which used. The median lethal dose (LD50) which was carried out by "up and down" method was (94.36) mg/kg B.Wt. for summer extract and (79.75) mg/kg B.Wt. for winter extract of N. oleander leaves. The chronic toxicity were carried out on rabbits by giving 10% of the dose that obtained by acute toxicity study and by considering different serum parameters after two weeks and four weeks of daily treatment. These parameters include serum potassium, calcium levels, serum ALT, AST and ALP levels. Biochemical study shown serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) was elevated in both groups (summer and winter) as compare to digoxin and control groups in different times (two weeks and four weeks), also increase serum K+ level as hyperkalemia and decrease serum Ca++ level as hypocalcaemia. We concluded that the N. oleander leaves extract has toxic effect on liver enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), also effect on serum calcium and potassium levels, also the winter extract more effect than that in summer extract.

72 ectoparasitic infested clinical cases were collected from different productive animal species presented to Diyala, Vet. College teaching hospital from owners in and out of Baquba city in Diyala province for 6 months period during years 2015-2016. Results showed that Sheep had the highest infestation with ectoparasites n=50 (69.4%) particularly with face mange n=44 (61.1%) then sheep with myiasis n=6 (8.3%), then cattle infested with ticks n=12 (16.7%) , followed by pigeons with lower infestation n=8 (11.1%) with lice; Research revealed that lowest number of infestation with myiasis were reported in horse and dog n=1 (1.4%) for each. January month show the highest number parasitic infestation n =40 (55.6%) for sheep face mange followed by October n=16 (22.2%) in favor of tick cattle infestation n=6 while September month with lower infestation n=11(15.3%) in favor of tick cattle infestation n=4. Ectoparasites of animals diagnosed in study were larvae of flies Chrysomya bezziana; Mites, Sarcoptes scabei var. ovis and Sarcoptes scabei var. equi; Ticks, Hyalloma analoticum analoticum, H.a. excavatum, Rhipicephalus turanicus, R.bursa, and lice Columbicola columbae. Highest infestation prevalence was recorded in winter particularly in January may be due to cold which reduce animal resistance to parasitic infections

The present study was aimed to determine the normal ranges (means ± SE) of some hematological parameters (Packed Cell Volume, Hemoglobin, Erythrocyte Count, Mean Cell Volume, Mean Cell Hemoglobin, Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration, Leukocyte Count, Differential Leukocyte Counts {Relative and Absolute} and Platelets, of clinical healthy donkeys, by using 25 donkeys (11 males; 14 females) aged between 1-4 years in Baghdad city/ Iraq. The results showed that the average (mean) of these parameters in males and females were PCV 32.4-48.7% (39.01±1.53%), 31.6-45.9% (39.82±1.13%); Hb 9.6-14.3 g/dl (11.65±0.49 g/dl), 8.9-14.10 (11.82±0.36 g/dl); RBC 4.69-7.6×106cell/mm3 (6.06 ±0.26×106cell/mm3), 4.59-8.5×106cell/mm3 (6.29 ±0.25×106cell/mm3; MCV 58.9-70.1 fl (64.6±1.04 fl), 53.6-73.9 fl (63.7±1.72 fl); MCH 17.5-20.6 pg (19.29±0.33 pg), 16.6-21.7 pg (18.95±0.42 pg); MCHC 28.3-32.8 g/dl (29.86±0.36 g/dl), 28.2-30.9 g/dl (29.77±0.22 g/dl); WBC 5700-14100 cell/mm3 (10990±860 cell/mm3), 5400-15300 cell/mm3 (10821±800 cell/mm3); L. 1630-6612 (4186 ±423 cell/mm3) 1400-6800 (3423 ±410 cell/mm3); N. 2145-8897 (6077 ±683cell/mm3 ), 3296-10480 (6394±680 cell/mm3); M. 169-662 (415.7 ±47 cell/mm3), 126-469 (288.8±25 cell/mm3; E. 0-232 (39.27±26 cell/mm3), 0-192 (13.71±13 cell/mm3); B 0-399 (238.9±38 cell/mm3), 0-482 (231.3±31 cell/mm3) and platelets 258-1652×103 (582±119×103), 134-1240×103 (4712±73×103) respectively.

This study was designed to study the progesterone level in normal and induced estrus dogs and the accuracy of ultrasound examination in these animals. Twenty female dogs aged 2-5 and weighted 20-25 kg with five mature male dogs aged 2-5 and weighted 18-22 kg were used during 2015. The females were separated into two groups (normal and treated). The treated group was injected IM/ with PMSG 20 IU/Kg/dog for 6 days followed by single IM/ injection of hCG 500 IU/dog on day 7. Serum samples were obtained for progesterone assay once weekly. The examination by using ultrasound was done to all females once weekly also. The result of duration of response to estrus after treatment was 19.3±1.45 days, with no significant differences between two groups in estrus cycle length. There were a significant decrease (P<0.01) in estrus and conception percentage in treated dogs, while the pregnancy length and puppies number show no significant differences. Progesterone assay had no significant differences between the two groups before or during estrus cycle, pregnancy months and post partum. The embryonic vesicle could be detected by using ultrasound in 20±0.75 days and fetus at 38±0.98 days, and there were no significant differences between the numbers which detected during pregnancy and after birth, with accuracy reach 100%. From the results we conclude that the using of progesterone and ultrasound examination can be used with highly accuracy to detect pregnancy in female dogs, and induction of estrus can be done in female dogs in Iraq with lower estrus and pregnancy percentage than normal group

The present search was performed to detect a predominance of Fasciola hepatica in buffaloes in Wasit Province, to investigate the related risk factors and to evaluate the efficacy of coprological (floatation and sedimentation) tests in comparison with serological indirect ELISA that considered as a gold standard technique in diagnosis of a disease. Out of 46 randomly selected buffaloes examined by fecal and serum blood samples, 6.5, 10.9, and 37%; were positives by floatation, sedimentation and ELISA tests, respectively. With ELISA, the degree of infection in positives was 70.9% mild, 24.9% moderate and no one had been strong. In dependence on the risk factors, the results of sex, age, body condition and feces consistency groups showed a greatly significant differences (P>0.05) in infection rates that recorded by the diagnostic techniques that used in this study. In related to serum total bilirubin, there was no significant differences between jaundiced and non-jaundiced groups (P<0.05).

Deltamethrin (DMT) is one of synthetic pyrethroid compounds having wide insecticidal activity against a large number of ectoparasites and has important uses in veterinary and human health protection. Due to widely used of deltamethrin in Iraq by farmers to control the insecticide in crop production in agricultures and ectoparasites in animals, this study was planned to identify the presence of deltamethrin residues and quantum of this compound in 192 samples comprising 96 of locally poultry eggs and 96 of laying hens meat (Thigh meat) were collected at random from various markets of Dyala province, 48 samples (24 eggs and 24 meat) from each sector (Khalis, Muqdadiyah, Baquba and Balad Ruz) for the period from October 2015 to January 2016 by using Gas chromatographic technique (GC) for analyzed. The residues analysis showed that all poultry eggs and laying hens thigh meat samples were positive for DMT residues and above the MRLs when comparing. The highest mean levels of DMT residues in poultry eggs samples were recorded at Muqdadiyah, followed by Balad Ruz, Khalis and Baquba (1.02 ± 0.11), (0.99 ± 0.04), (0.95 ± 0.02) and (0.89 ± 0.05) respectively; While the highest mean levels of DMT residues in laying hens thigh meat samples were recorded also at Muqdadiyah, followed by Balad Ruz, Khalis and Baquba (0.96 ± 0.07), (0.88 ± 0.02), (0.79 ± 0.05) and (0.76 ± 0.03) respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that the levels of deltamethrin residues were significantly higher (P≤ 0.05) in Muqdadiyah from other sector of Dyala province in poultry eggs and meat samples. The result of this study clarify the risk of DMT residues to public health and need to create awareness by the local agriculture and public health authorrities regarding the preventive measures to decreasing the pesticides residues in poultry products.

This study was conducted to synthesis silver nanoparticles by using olive leaves extract and evaluate its activity in promoting burns healing in rabbits. The synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Ultra Violet Visible- spectrophotometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy. For this purpose, twenty five rabbits were used and divided randomly into equal five groups and subjected to second degree burn under general anesthesia by bar with brass circular end of 2.5cm diameter which immersed in boiling water (100°C) for 10 min and immediately it was placed on the rabbit back for 15 sec. without exerting any pressure just the weight of the instrument which was 350gm., these groups were: 1- Burns without any treatment and kept as negative control. 2- Burns treated with silver nanoparticles 3- Burns infected with P. aeruginosa and don’t receive any treatment. 4-Burns infected with P. aeruginosa and treated with silver sulfadiazine and kept as positive control. 5-Burns infected with P. aeruginosa and treated with silver nanoparticles. Burn healing was assessed by measuring burn diameter at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post burn treatment. The results of this study showed it possible to produce silver nanoparticles in ecofriendly and easy process and the results of burn healing demonstrated superiority of silver nanoparticles in reducing burn diameter at the end of the experiment. It could be concluded that olive leaves extract can be used effectively in the production of silver nanoparticles and these synthesized nanoparticles had positive effect in enhance burn healing when its applied locally.

Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) are an important zoonotic disease and a food contaminated pathogens of human prompting serious illness in gastrointestinal tract such as hemorrhagic colitis and intense renal failure. This study was intended to research the influence of tentatively infected mice with STEC O157: H- on blood plasma urea and histopathological changes in colon and kidney. STEC Strain, which has been used in this study was (O157: H- positive to both stx1 and stx2) by PCR analysis, Sixty male mice ranged from 8 to 12 weeks old, were partitioned haphazardly into two groups (n=30), first one (infected group) were orally inoculated with (10 10 CFU/ml in PBS), while the second gathering (control group) was gotten PBS orally. Three, seven and fourteen days post infection, blood were collected from 10 animal to each group by cardiac puncture to measure the blood plasma urea, then the colon and kidney were removed for histopathological analysis to recognize the influence of contamination on these organs. The results demonstrated huge expand (P<0.05) in infected at contrasted with a control set at all experimental period meanwhile infected group showed a significantly increased (P<0.05) in urea level at day 7 and 14 in contrast with day 3 of a test. The histopathological investigation includes; colon and kidney illustrated mild diffuse inflammation which includes expanded inflammatory cells in tissue intraepithelial and goblet cells hyperplasia. Renal tubules showed contracting lumen with epithelial cell extensive injured, swelling and generalized necrotic characterized by acute tubular necrosis. The study concluded that tentatively contaminated mice with isolated strain (O157: H-) from children showed elevated of blood plasma significantly urea after infection, with sever pathological changes in colon and kidney at all time of investigation portrayed by sever colitis and intense kidney necrosis.

The present study was done to evaluate the therapeutic effect of garlic and onion oils against experimental cryptosporidiosis in mice, Forty BALB/c mice, 3-4 weeks age have been divided into 4 groups (10 mice each), every mouse of the G1, G2, G3 were infected with C. parvum at a dose of 103 oocyst /ml by stomach tube, G3 was positive control, while G4 was negative control. After confirmation of infection, each mouse of G1 and G2 received 0.2 ml of garlic oil and 1 ml/100g body weight of onion oil, orally by using stomach tube daily till the end of the experiment at day 15 post treatment. Therapeutic effect of garlic and onion oils were assessed by measuring oocyst number shedded in feces of infected groups and ileum histopathological examination at end of experiment. The results showed that garlic oil and onion oils were effective against experimental cryotosporidiosis, garlic oil showed a more potent than onion oil (P≤0.05). It was concluded that administration of garlic and onion oils was efficient in treating susceptible hosts against the zoonotic parasite Cryptosporidium parvum infection.

This study aimed to provide the molecular identity of Geobacillus WCH70 according to Nitrate reductase gene. DNA was extracted the purity was 1.8 ng\ µl, then Nitrate reductase (NR) gene was amplified by a specific primer pairs, the results showed that the size of NR gene was 1626 bp after use a 1% gel electrophoresis. Then Nitrate reductase gene was sequenced according to the chain termination method. The sequence results were showed the nucleotide similarity 100% percentage of identical nitrate reductase Geobacillus WCH70, on the other hand the sequence similarity was ranged between 77% and 88% with sequence of other microorganisms.

This study was conducted on 10 albino adult male rabbits, of 1-2 kg b. wt., 1-2 years old. The animals were divided in two groups, treated group was treated with Melia azedarach in powdered form at a dose rate of 6 g / kg b.wt. orally mixed with feed daily for 53 days. While those of control group were left without treatment. All animals were killed at 56 days of experiment Blood samples were collected to obtain the serum for biochemical examination. In addition to weight the testes, head, body, tail of epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate. Total number of sperms in epididymis head was accounted. Calculation of life sperm and deformed sperms. The dependent parameters were included clinical and hematological examination. The results of the study revealed that in treated group clotting time was significantly decreased. While bleeding time was non significantly increased in 23rd day. Erythrocytes counts, Hb concentration, PCV%; MCH were non significantly increased. MCV increased in day 23rd but decreased in 56th day. Meanwhile MCHC non significantly decreased. Total leucocytes count was not changed in both treated and control groups. lymphocyte percent in treated group was non significantly increased, while Heterophils and eosinophils percent were non significantly decreased. Basophils and Monocytes percentages were significantly decreased. The results revealed that the weight of sexual organs and the accessory glands, in addition to total sperm counts of treated males were less than those of control males. While the dead sperm and deformed sperm were more in treated than in control males. The results revealed that ALT, AST and AP values were within normal range but of lower level in treated males in comparison with those of control males. Histopathological examinations revealed that the main changes in sexual organs of treated male were included, appearance of spermatid giant cells with few sperms in the lumen of seminiferous tubules, round spermatid cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules with vacuolation of their epithelial cells. cellular debris in the lumen of epididymis with vacuolation of the epithelial lining. While in control males the main histological changes in sexual organs were included sperms filled the lumen of epididymis, and normal structure. In the testis shows complete spermatogenesis with sperms in the seminiferous tubules. In seminiferous tubules shows normal structure and their lumen contain sperms. From results we can conclude that Melia azedarach has an anticonception material that effect the total number of sperm with inducing a deformity in sperm parts, with less side effects on health of treated males

Blood parasites represent an important causes of loss to goat production and the main clinical finding are anemia, ictruse of mucous membrane and enlargement of pre scapular lymph node and reduced growth rates . the present research aimed to determine the changes in the serum proteins of goat infected with theileriosis. Blood samples were collected from 20 Goats naturally infected with theileriosis all infected show ictrus of mucus membrane and enlargement of lymph node. Blood samples were also collected from 20 non infected goats as controls group. Serum were used to determination of total protein by colorimetric assay and protein fractions were separated by electrophoresis. The results were compared using an unpaired two-tailed T test. The serum levels (g/dl-1) of theileriosis infected goats and control goats were respectively: total proteins (5.20 ± 1.17) and (7.06 ± 1.10), α-globulins (0.57±0.23) and (0.39±0.10), β-1 globulins (0.54±0.22) and (0.45±0.11), β-2 globulins (0.25±0.18) and (0.26±0.13), γ-1 globulins (0.95±0.37) and (0.99±0.45), γ-2 globulins (0.56±0.25) and (0.22±0.11). There statistically result significant differences for total protein, albumin, α-globulins, γ-2 globulins infection with theileriosis in goats intense hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia increased α and γ-2 globulins and decreased albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio.

Analysis of 195 records of goats presented in ruminants research station, which belonged to General directorate of Agricultural Research in the 2013 production year. The records belonged to 59 local goats and 136 cyprus goats. The age of goats ranged between 2-8 years. The aim of study to know the effect of some factors affecting fertility, fecundity and twining rate in local and Cyprus goats. The results showed that the fertility, fecundity and the twining rate were 77.96%, 167.39% and 60.86% in local goats respectively. While the parameters were 80.14%, 194.44% and 69.72% respectively. There was no significant difference in fertility rate between different breeds. While there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in fecundity and in twining rate (P<0.05) for the Cyprus goats as compared with local goats. There was a high a significant difference (P<0.01) the weight of the mother at the insemination on the three traits. There was no significant effect of month of insemination on fertility rate, While there was a high significant (P<0.05) in twining rate at the months of insemination. There was a significant effect (P<0.01) of mother age on all traits understudy.

Recently highly pathogenic strains of IBDV have been appeared causing great economic losses. In this research IBDV has been isolated in Iraq successfully from seven samples from different Layer flocks (32 field) in different Iraqi provinces. Bursa of fabricia samples were assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of IBDV adoption VP2 gene. All seven tested samples were positive. Rapid test was conducted for the all samples to identify positive cases of IBD. Seven positive samples were selected to isolate IBDV showed 350bp by the use of conventional RT-PCR technique as assurance to the presence of IBDV. Histological sections of the bursa of fabricia showed the presence of necrosis, depletion of the follicles and the some hetrophil infiltration, these features were consider pathognomic for IBDV infection. The virus has been isolated by injected bursal suspension in embryonated chicken eggs. CAM has been collected and examined by AGPT to confirm the existence of IBDV. After confirming the presence of the virus by RT-PCR sequence analysis by application of PCR products for the seven samples. All seven selected samples very virulent vvIBDV. Genotyping of Iraqi vvIBDV strains showed a gradual evolution of the IBDV in Iraq, where they were not closely linked to the previous isolated Iraqi strains

This study was planned to investigate some serum electrolytes and ions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium in 100 Awassi un weaned lambs which compared with healthy lambs clinically. The selected cases were five days to two months of age which were divided into10 non diarrheic lambs as control and 90 diarrheic lambs group. Their cases were collect in Karbala city/ Iraq November 2015 to April 2016. The biochemical tests for diarrheic animals showed these changes with significant (P≤0.05) hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia, hypocalcaemia with a non-significant increase in magnesium level. The values in diarrheic lambs group include, Sodium (Na+) 112.32±3.36, Potassium (K+) 4.15±3.31 mmol/L, chloride (Cl-) 95.50±2.33 mmol/L, Calcium (Ca++) 1.94±0.08 mmol/L and Magnesium (Mg++) 21.1±0.10 mmol/L, compared with non diarrheic lambs were 137.18±4.11 (mmol/L), 3.92±0.25 (mmol/L), 105.041±3.10 (mmol/L), 2.73±0.35 (mmol/L) and 1.18±0.129 (mmol/L) respectively. The current study has concluded diarrhea in lambs causes abnormal electrolytes changes.

There are several types of immunological tests available for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Most commercially available serological kits use the immunochromatographic assay, and has been developed for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in faeces as well as the polymerase chain reaction for the same purpose. The aim of the study is therefore to detect H. pylori from the stool of patients by PCR and compare results obtained with ICT. A total of 42 stool samples from patients presenting were screened for immunochromatographic assay (ICT) and the presence of H. pylori DNA using stool-PCR. Out of 42 stool samples analyzed, 31 (73.8%) were positive for Helicobacter pylori in ICT and 20 (47.61%) positive for H. pylori by PCR, through amplification of cagA samples and VacA genes respectively. the cagA gene was detected in 12 (38.7%) and VacA was detected in 8(25.8) samples. The sensitivity and specificity of the cag A gene compared with ICT is 38.7% and 100% respectively while of the VacA genes compared with ICT is 25.8% and 100% respectively. It is concluded that PCR may be useful for the diagnosis of H. pylori from stool in comparison with Immunochromatographic