Thi-Qar journal for human science

The aim of the current research is to identify (the effect of employing the strategy of graduated activities according to the dimensions of sustainable development in the achievement of the fourth scientific grade students in physics and their decision-making). The research sample included (70) students from the fourth scientific grade students, with (35) students in the control group, and (35) students in the experimental group, and the researcher rewarded the two research groups with the variables: (chronological age calculated in months, academic achievement, previous information, intelligence, decision-making scale). The researcher formulated (103) behavioral objectives within the levels (remember, comprehension, application, analysis, installation, evaluation) according to Bloom’s classification of the cognitive domain. The researcher prepared the achievement test of (30) objective paragraphs of the type of multiple choice. The decision towards physics consists of (25) items, and the psychometric properties of the two tests were confirmed and after processing the data statistically using the (t-test) equation for two equal independent samples and Couder-Richardson equation 20 to find the stability of the achievement test and the alpha Cronbach equation to find the stability of the decision-making scale and after showing The results indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group in the two variables of achievement and decision-making. Thus, the study reached a number of results and their interpretation, and in light of them, the researcher recommends using the method of employing a strategy of gradual activities according to the dimensions of sustainable development in teaching physics, as well as it can be employed in strategies Another modern teaching

The supplication of Al-Nudbah is one of the most important supplications narrated from the family of the Prophet (peace be upon him), as Shiite Muslims are keen to worship it on many religious occasions and in various places of worship, and it has received the attention of scholars and jurists from this sect throughout the ages. It is narrated on the authority of the twelfth infallible Imam of the Imamate Shiites (the awaited Mahdi), in addition to that it represents a call and a plea for this imam and the great importance of this great personality in the Imami creed thought - and I noticed the dependence of this supplication on a large number of honorable prophetic hadiths, some of which came In complete textual form, some of them are very close to the text of the hadith, which prompted me to research and investigate the impact of the noble Prophet’s hadith on this supplication and try to classify and classify those hadiths and the extent of their impact on it, and try to reveal the relationship between these hadiths and the supplication itself, and do these hadiths revolve around Imam Mahdi only or does it revolve around other personalities? Was the supplication traditional, or did it include intellectual, doctrinal and moral matters? These questions our research tries to answer, supported by the transmission and mental evidence.

Penso estas memoro, kiu staras antaŭ aŭ ekster aferoj. Ĝi funkcias por konservi la unuecon de sia kohereco, kaj poezio estas damaĝita de penso kaj preterpasanta la psikologian mizeron, kiun suferas la poeto, aldonante la nuancon de vivo en aferoj, kaj ĝi fariĝas movado, kiu stimulas sentojn. Ke ĉio havas vivon en ĝi. Li dividas siajn suferojn kaj emociojn en tia situacio, kaj la imago ludas gravan rolon por atingi ĝiajn atingojn kaj superi la konstantan percepteman, ĉar ĝi restas sentema indikilo en la vizio de la sinsekvo, kaj la poeto havas la deziron forigi la realon kaj uzi la imagon. Li ĉirkaŭbrakas sian alian realecon obseditan pri ŝanĝado de realeco kaj ŝanĝado de vivo. La moderna araba literaturo abundis kun multaj poetoj.Imago aperis klare en ilia poezio, kaj inter ili (Amal Dunqul) aperis en sia uzo de imago en sia poezio, kiu estas la temo de nia esplorado.

The oil industries, especially oil refining, are among the important industries in consuming water because they use high thermal energies. They require water for cooling and in production processes. This is what made them one of the industries that turn to water sources to determine their location, and refining means the process of cracking the components of crude oil into The original components or molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon and re-deposition to form a group that differs from that group of crude oil. Different types of water are used in large quantities in the Dhi Qar refinery for the purpose of cooling in the refining processes and the separation of raw materials that are used in heat exchangers, as well as process water It is water that contains salts. Oils the water in the refinery is used in large quantities in the process of separating oil products (oil refining). So, there is a link between the location of the refinery for petroleum products and water resources. The research aims to study the relationship between the need of the refinery for water that is used for the purpose of cooling and its impact on the water requirements for refining purposes. The research hypothesizes that there is a significant impact on the amount of water used in the Dhi Qar refinery and it also has an impact as a result of the evaporation factor that negatively affects the ecosystem area.

The manuscript of ( Al - Mucktar's letter ) one of the manuscript of the Islamic Consultation Council , registered with reference (208580) in the safe numbered ( 17415 ) . It is a single copy by ( Mirza Tahir bin Alinaqi Al- Saliani ) who was alive in ( 1263 A.H. / 1847 A.D. ) it tackled the biography of AL- Mucktar bin Abu Ubaid and how he controlled Kufa and took revenge of the killers of Imam Hussein bin Ali bin Abu Talib ( peace be upon him ) .

The concept of psychological stability is a component of positive psychology and means the ability to regain a person's balance after exposure to shocks, tribulations, pressures and difficulties, not only this but employs these aforementioned problems to achieve the development of integration and growth, and since the Iraqi university student live a reality full of The pressures, shocks and other problems through which it is frustrated and through its understanding and interpretation of events and attitudes through its behavior: the researcher considered that his study and the procedures of research and his sample are the students of the university because university education is an effective way to promote societies at all levels. In order for the researcher to recognize their level of persistence and their psychological resilience to confront the hardships, shocks and difficulties they are exposed to, and the extent of their ability to think and creativity through their understanding and knowledge of all things, all of that is important to the interest of the person and society and the development and progress of the country .
The current research aims to identify the following:
Knowing the level of psychological stability in the university students. .1
2.to know the significance of differences in the level of psychological stability among university students according to the gender variant (males-females).
Knowing the significance of the differences in the level of psychological stability.

The Arab-Islamic civilization occupied a distinguished position in the structure of human civilization, thanks to what it invented anew, or what it added of innovations or achieved of corrections in various kinds of sciences and knowledge of the ancients. With an unlimited capacity for innovation and innovation, it has been preserved for many nations The peoples have their cultural inheritances, as happened to the Greek and Indian civilizational heritages, for example, and the scientific missions are one of the most prominent manifestations of civilization in Arab and Islamic history because they have achieved scientific goals with multiple political, economic or social aspects, as well as transferring heritage from one place to another and working to transfer the treasures of ancient Persian and Greek civilizations Then the Arabization of these works, in addition to introducing the Arab Muslim to places unknown to them, such as Jabal al-Raqim, the story of the Companions of the Cave, and the Gog and Magog dam.

Women’s clothes were very simple, and with the spread of Islamic conquests, these clothes developed and became for each category what distinguishes it from clothes and became for every occasion its clothes. Women in the early days of Islam used to wear multi-colored wine, including white, black and red, and the veil is a costume that covers the head and neck, and perhaps the black color was The most prevalent colors, and the niqab was known during the Umayyad era, and the Persian style appeared in the Abbasid fashion and the development of types of clothing appeared, as a result of the expansion of the area of the Arab Islamic state in the first Abbasid era, the multiplicity of its peoples, moods and tastes, and the desire to rush towards extravagance and luxury. The colors of the clothes were varied, and each color had its own significance, black, blue and navy for widowhood and mourning, red the color of joy, mirth and pleasure, and dark red for gesturing, concubines and prostitutes. The luxury that prevailed in the Abbasid era was reflected in women’s clothing, where embroidered open sleeves and white pants with embroidery appeared. Likewise, women wear the mosque, which is a shirt with narrow sleeves that covers three quarters of the arm and is made of light fabric of cotton or silk threads. It can be embroidered from beads or precious stones, and women excelled in writing poems on costumes and wrote poetry with silver and gold threads and used embroidery threads on sleeves and headbands. (Al-Brim), and women were keen to wear pumice studded with jewels and scented with delicacies, and the making of slippers was not limited to leather, but was made of fabric sewn with silk. And the writing of poems on fashion spread with gold and silver threads, and headbands crowned with jewels and embroidered with poems appeared.

We have to realize that the financial systems adopted by Muslims in setting up the Islamic state system are an Arab historical and civilized heritage. The facts have proven that the majority of these financial systems actually existed throughout Arab history. Here it is necessary to refer the role of Islam in formulating many new financial visions and theories, in This study enumerates the financial and administrative measures that were present with the Arabs, which were renewed day after day due to the development that took place in the Islamic system through outputs of Islamic legislation that established the principles of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) with regard the economic and financial aspect, which at that time is
considered a backbone Life in Mecca and Medina.

This threshold formed a text space located on the first space that shakes hands with the eyes of the recipient, Being a formal text threshold that contributes to the condensation of the text and its presentation to the reader, which pushes him to search and investigate the manifestations of this type of space, starting from the writing space to the drawings and shapes to the colors and their role in creating multiple connotations
The research was divided in light of the data of the image that appeared on the cover and its relationship to the body and the woman, and its poetic covers varied between expressionism, photographic, and symbolic abstraction, so we try through its means to trace the connotations embedded in it, and to discover what this threshold can add to the body in terms of directing the recipient and participating in weaving the new meaning of space Script .

The current research aims at identifying learned optimism emptiness of employees of daily wages as well as identify the differences according to variable gender ,specialization and marital status. For this purpose, descriptive methodology was utilized on a sample of 400 male/female employees of daily wages at University of Thi- Qar. To achieve research objectives, a scale for learned optimism was constructed; and reliability and validity were considered. For statistical analysis, t-test for one and two independent samples was utilized. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in learned optimism according to gender ,specialization and marital status.

The technology of narrative vision in the novels of Falah ‎Rahim has had a very important ‎impact, and zero focus ‎has taken a wide space in his novels; Because the ‎narrator knows the ‎events in the first person pronoun, ‎he did not retreat to let the characters speak ‎about ‎themselves‎, and with the dominance of zero focus, this does not indicate the lack of ‎diversification of highlighting in a different way in the novels, we find the internal focus is the ‎narrator recounting the events as a self-narrator or a witness in the novels, we also see a ‎multiplicity in the stresses in different proportions, we have noticed the external focus in which ‎we glimpse the role of the narrator as a witness On the events without penetrating the depth ‎of ideas, thus there are many visions in Falah Raheem’s novels, which directly contributed to ‎achieving the aesthetic of the narration, and influencing the recipient through the multiplicity ‎of voices without the dominance of only one voice.

The revolution of Zaid bin Ali is one of the Alawi revolutions that shook and threaten the throne of Banu Aumaia. This revolution obtained the support that took variant forms such as the direct support, encouraging and the media support. The political, economic and the social conditions were miserable especially the conditions of Ahlulbait's followers which in turn urged Zaid Bin Ali to revolute against those violations towards them. Since he decided to complete what his grandfather IMAM HUSSEIN started against the oppression, he obtained the absolute support. This support took different roles. Despite of the revolution's failure, Zaid Bin Ali succeeded to uncover the real face of the ruling authorities and to maintain the Islamic principles that he sacrificed for.

Abstract of the research: She sheds light in this research on an important phenomenon in the life of Muslims in terms of its upbringing and its connection to religious thought, the position of Islamic scholars on the phenomenon of Sufism in general, and the position of the great thinker Mr. Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr regarding Sufism and the extent of his interaction with it based on some of his words that were received In his prolific intellectual output, we draw on
previous writings of great thinkers in this field

The research tagged with the management of food supplies in the modern Assyrian era 911-612 BC. It was clear that the civilization of peoples, which is not measured by books and discoveries only, but also food, drink, management, clothing, building style and arts, is a form of expression of human civilization, so there is no distinctive pattern There is a common saying among social anthropologists that our food expresses our identity, as the kitchen, food and drink and their management are related to social occasions, and through them we can measure the extent of extravagance, luxury, wealth, poverty, or austerity in which the owner of the food lives Social customs, visitation and celebration etiquette for all segments of society, and from this we work to clarify the basic role of management and how to perfect its work and organization.

The research aims to clarify the most important mechanisms that the rulers of the Umayyad state followed with the religious urban monuments of non-Muslims, which varied in dealing from one ruler to another; Depending on the political conditions that accompanied the reigns of the rulers. As a result of the political developments and the political turmoil and fluctuations that this era brought about, which contributed to the emergence of this disparity, which carries with it a negative treatment in contravention of the principles of Islamic Sharia. And his good dealings with all religions and heavenly beliefs.

The Arab grammar has passed in multiple stages of easy to difficulty. Logical grammar, philosophical reasoning, factor and established, syllogism, fabricated examples of existing topics, and so on, and this is what the research has shown in its pages. The most important results reached by the research are:
1- The research proved a number of reasons in the subject of the psychology of grammatical imagination between linguistic reality and philosophical analysis according to the grammarians.
2- The grammatical imagination introduced into the Arabic grammar the concept of logical limits with gender, separation, gender, drawing and division, while the grammatical definition of a subject was descriptive and using this phenomenon of grammar.
3- The research showed that the concept of logical reasoning is alien to the grammatical lesson, and made it difficult based on imagining pretended matters imposed on the speech of the Arab, and that he intended to do so.
4- The modern research detailed linguistic analogy and syllogism, and that the second occurred in the Arabic grammar based on the imagination of mental measures to be applied to the speech of the Arabs.
5- The grammarians added to a number of grammatical topics some examples and exercises made, and their intent was to train the learners, and to strengthen their intellectual grammatical culture, but these grammatical exercises were difficult to eliminate.

This research deals with the semiotic signs required to employ the principle of quantity maxim in the indirect dialogues with God Almighty in the Holy Qur’an. The research contains an entry in which the researcher knew about the first principle in the conversational imperative, which is the principle of (quantity), and then came after it with a brief presentation on the types of dialogue with God Almighty. The research was built on two demands, the first of which came marked with “quantity semiotics in dialogue” Zakaria (peace be upon him) with the angels.” As for the second requirement, it was labeled “quantity semiotics in the dialogue of angels with Maryam (peace be upon him).” Then the research ended with a confirmation of the sources and references.

The modern and contemporary history of Iraq is rich material for research, a careful reading of history that clarifies an important facts of the position of the Iraqi political parties on international issues during the royal era, as some of them formed a historical necessity that emerged from the data of the global political reality, so it is no arrogance that the Iraqi public opinion interacts with its positions on these issues .To gain experience and expertise in addressing the emergence of the state, the development of its institutions and the circumstances surrounding it, as well as the issues raised on the Iraqi political arena, especially in times of crisis and the changes that period witnessed at the local and international levels, and the resulting disastrous policies for political parties inside Iraq, which were manifested.
In its most dangerous form, represented by the dissolution of those parties, not granting a license and practicing open partisan work to some of them, and redrawing partisan life in a manner that suited the goals of the Iraqi government at the time, away from the aspirations and goals of the political parties, and reflecting that policy into a partisan coalition with its goals, policies, and activities under the name of the National Front in 1957, which contributed With the Iraqi people, the revolution of July 14, 1958 and ended the monarchy.

Although not all the characters in the fictional text have the same importance in terms of role and effectiveness ,the research tagged with(( The character in the novel achievement of nasiriyah city 2004_ 2012 The rural character by choice )), revealing that role and that importance that it plays thte rural character by explaining its role affected by reality and tht creators experience , impressions and culture , hamessing all this in building and formatting the events of the novel , trying to reveal the extent
of the attention it received from the creators ( research samples).

This research aims to study and analyze the reality of the geographical distribution of garages in the province of Dhi Qar, as the distribution of garages in the province varies according to the varying population numbers and the percentage of car ownership, which also increased significantly, especially after the political and economic events that occurred after 2003, which led to an improvement the living situation of the individual and society, which was reflected in the high daily movement of internal and external lines operating inside garages in Dhi Qar governorate, which are issued by both the Nasiriyah and Shatrah Al-Muwahid Garage. This was reflected in the lack of these services and the emergence of many public and private problems that directly or indirectly affected motorists and passengers at the same time.

Globalization and internet made the world as a small village in which people can share several things easily. Being an international language, English has highly effected the Iraqi Samawian Arabic vernacular through adding several words to it. The present study tries to investigate the phonological aspects of the English loaned words in the Iraqi Samawian Arabic vernacular form the point of view of the students of the department of English since they are introduced with these words in both languages. It has been observed that a variety of English words related to many fields have been borrowed from English and become part of the language used by Iraqi Samawian Arabic vernacular speakers. These loaned words have been subject to modification or adaptation to match the morphological - phonological system of Iraqi Samawian Arabic vernacular. Consequently, such loaned words are used as if they were Arabic ones.

This study aims at investigating and analyzing the significance of ' hedging' in political discourse. Janet Holmes (1984) has discussed this concept from a pragmatic perspective. Later , Urbanova (2003) proposed a model which this study has modified to be applicable to languages in general. Hedges are metadiscoursal devices that can be used to express uncertainty and to attenuate the illocutionary force of a given speech act. Context is the major factor that determines the type of the linguistic device in use .
There have been a number of researches dealing with the concept of ' hedging ' from different angles: political , scientific ,pedagogical ,sociological , and religious . However , Arabic and namely Iraqi discourses have not been explored before at any of the aforementioned levels. Consequently , this research is based on an analysis of a corpus of (20) interviews conducted by the native English with the Iraqi male and female politicians in which the researcher makes several comparisons among these four groups so as to arrive at a better understanding of the difference in the orientations of the groups discussed in this study . The results of the analysis have shown (i) there are different orientations of the four groups towards the use of ' hedging ' , (ii) avoidance is the most commonly occurring strategy of hedging that characterizes spoken political discourse , and (iii) hedging is directly and widely affected by the recipient's design .

The research tackles the pragmatic use of Quranic verses (Ayats) , by Arabs, in every day situations as an attempt to see language as a social communicative functions such as giving commands , greeting each other and asking questions …etc . The meaning conveyed by Qur'anic verses are highly dependent on the utterance context in which they are embedded .In attempting to provide an account of the view that the meaning of an utterance is equivalent to its use , some Qur'anic verses are translated into English then analyzed pragmatically . Such view of meaning has been risen as a consequence of the functional –pragmatic approach of meaning .
However, Yule's view (1996: 45) of defining pragmatics as the study of the uses of language that are communicated by a speaker and interpreted by a listener is very appropriate in this study . Some related theories in pragmatics will be tackled in the theoretical side of this study , such as context , speech act theory and" meaning and use" . Practically , some selected Qur'anic verses will be analyzed according to the linguistic and physical context in which the verses are employed . In this regard classical exegete of the Qur'an Al Amthal for Al - Sheerazi along with the a new translation of the Quran have been consulted . Conclusions about the value of the context and the scope of pragmatics are drawn .

This Paper conducts a discourse analysis of the notes written by EFL Nassiriya students at college of Medicine . It aims at identifying the linguistic features of the language used in medical writing through answering the following question:
-What are the morpho-syntactic features of medical Notes ?
Note taking is the process that English foreign learners perform when they attend lectures in English . It involves certain important skills , such as good command of listening , extracting the major points and the gist of utterances , using abbreviations , contractions , shorthand keywords, etc.

Lecture is the predominant and most common method of teaching in higher education throughout the world . Thus note taking imposes itself as a necessary method for utilizing the subject matter of the lecture .

The study is based on the following hypotheses (1)the notes written by EFL Nassiriyah students of the college of Medicine are characterized by certain morpho-syntactic features to the extent that make them as a special variety.(2) the passive verbs in either medical notes do not represent a linguistic feature compared with the active ones..

In order to achieve the aims of the study, two types of notes written by twenty five students are examined :Surgery and Ortho . These notes are taken from fifth year students . To the best knowledge of the researcher , no such study has been carried out in the field of the language of medical issues in Iraq , therefore the present study is an attempt to fill this gap.

This paper tackles critical discourse analysis in terms of power. It examines the language lawyers over witnesses in order to detect and reveal the use of language strategies and tools as a carrier of the ideologies of power. The researcher, therefore, uses Fairclough’s (1989) three-dimensional approach as a model to analyze the targeted data. Accordingly, the study aims at finding out the asymmetric relations among the different parties of the courtroom interaction and how power manifests itself by them, determining the linguistic manifestations of power and the tools that are used by lawyers and then analyzing critically the linguistic cues and indicators most frequently yielded in such trials, which reflect power. Based on these aims, it is hypothesized that the existence of different asymmetrical relations among the different parties of the courtroom interaction, such interaction is assumed to be controlled by the powerful participants such as lawyers and public prosecutors. This is reflected by employing different linguistic cues and indicators that reflect ideologies and degrees of power such as the different kinds and functions of questions.
It is concluded that powerful people including lawyers understand that ideologies including the ideologies of power are (re)produced, exercised and embedded through a discourse along with their discursive practice.