University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science

This study included isolatation a mix cultures of sulphate reducing
bacteria from soils in Shaeba regain contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons by using API medium enriched with oxygen reducing agents and saturated with gas (90% N2 ) and
( 10% CO2 ) by using sodium lactate as sole carbon source. The result showed that the number of bacteria ranged ( 4 x 105 – 4.5 x 105 ) cells / g of soil. Also using crude oil as a sole of carbon source to study the ability of sulphate reducing bacteria on degradation of crude oil under anaerobic condition . The result showed these bacteria have high ability for degradation of crude oil. The percent rate of degradation in culture was ( 84.4 % ) after (54) days incubation and the rate concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons ( TPH )
extraction from culture value ( 22.06 ) μg / L , while in control was ( 190.84 ) μg / L.

The present study was designed to detect the level of testosterone due to by hyperprolactinaemia 20 patients, who were attending the civil laboratories in nassrya city for diagnosis and treatment the reasons of infertility during the period November 2008 – February 2010. Primary infertile males patients with hyperprolactinaemia (age range: 20 – 50 years) were investigated. The collected serum was tested for the determination of prolactin levels using a miniVidas system. (serum level of prolactin ≤19 ng/ml) , and were investigated level of testosterone the level was assayed sing a miniVidas system too serum level of testosterone ≥10 ng/ml the testosterone level showed a significant decreased total level in the sera of total patients when compared with controls and with hyperprolactinaemia patients.

Current study included Seroepidemiological Screening of 450 sera from unmarried
women, within age ranged between (15 – 45) year by using IgG and IgM Enzyme Linked
Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test. Sera collected from areas of Basrah province and from
different classes ( students , officials and housewives ) , and according to the primary health care department program the province was divided into eight sections .
Results documented that the prevalence rate of the disease in unmarred women in the
whole province was 58% while the prevalence rates of sections was as follows : Sec I 63.2% , Sec
II 51.8% , Al – Midayna 75% , AI – Qurna 64% , Al – Hartha 70% , Shatt – al – Arab 55% , Abu
– al – Khaseeb 67.5% and Al – Zubair 36.3% . The higher rate recorded in Al – Midayna and
lower rate in Al – Zubair . According to age group there is a significant difference ( P<0.025 ) and the results showed that (15 - 19) year with the rate of infection 64.54% , (30-34) year with rate 60.7% , (35-39) year with rate 60%, while the results upon sociodemographic data recorded that the housewives (all of them with low level of learning) represents rate 62.4% in comparison with students 45% and officials 44% , with a significant differences ( P < 0.05 ) .

In the present study the development of skin lesions in males and females BALB/c mice
infected with Leishmania major strain was investigated. The results of this study demonstrated that the infection with cutaneous leishmaniasis begins in females before males and there are differences in appearance and development of skin ulcers was found between males and females of mice throughout the experiment (6 months). The heavily infected parts were completely lost from the mice body. The metastatic cutaneous lesions were observed on both sex males and females.

Gypseous soils are abundant in Iraq, constitute over 33% of total surface area in Iraq. The
structures that founded on these soils could face large damages due to dissolving of gypsum when saturated in water.This study investigates the shear strength characteristics of gypseous soil with lime. The soil used was fetched from Al-Dour region (66% gypsum content). This soil was treated with different percentages of Lime (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 5%). Test results pointed out that the best treatment percentage to be 1.5.shear strength tests (direct shear tests) conducted in order to study the shear strength characteristics of gypseous soil with Lime and to find the suitable percentage of Lime to improve the shear strength characteristics of gypseous soil against the effect of soaking water, in order to attain a sort of simulation with the field conditions; both the unit weight and the water content of the natural soil are kept equal to the field values. All treated specimens were cured at 370C for 7 days before performing these tests. The results of shear strength tests show that the addition of Lime to the gypseous soil increases their strength to an optimum value and then decreases.

The viscoelastic properties of polyethylene were studied with different percent of asphalt
(1%,3%,5%,7% and 10% ) and 1% of organic peroxide as crosslinking agent. The data shows that the 1% of asphalt loading in the polymer decrease the shear stress and viscosity of the matrix polymer in all the test temperature (170,190,210 and 230oC) .The best percent of asphalt that gives controlled crosslinking between the polymer chains was 1% asphalt loading, while higher asphalt percent will increase the chain entanglements .

In this study, preparation of some metal stearates derived from stearic acid with metals ;
Iron , Cobalt, Nickel, Copper and Zinc . They were used as thermal stabilizers for Polyvinyl
chloride. These metal stearates were identified by elemental analysis and infrared
spectroscopy.I.R, spectroscopy within the rang 1500-1900 cm-1 was used to study the thermal
stability for PVC containing prepared metal stearates , and that depending on thin films
technique . The variations in the absorption bands intensity of the groups C = O , C = C ,
COO - at 195oC were studied at different times (15 ,30 ,45 , 60 min) from thermal stress.
These variations resulted from the rule of the metal stearates in the stabilizing of polymer .
U.V-V.S spectroscopy was used to study the thermal degradation of unstabilized PVC and
the reprecipitated PVC from the stabilizers .This study was carried out by the investigation of
the polymer resulted from the evolving of HCl from the polymer chain at 275nm and 385 nm
corresponding to three and seven conjugated double bonds respectively .The results were
indicated that metal stearates and their synergistic mixtures have the ability to stabilize PVC
by decreasing the conjugated double bonds in the polymer .
The thermal stability of the unstabilized PVC and PVC containing different metal
stearates was investigation by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Many functions were
calculated such as the decomposition temperature , rate of decomposition ,activation energy
,char content ,and percentage of HCl evolving from the polymer chain . The results indicated
that metal stearates was increasing the thermal stability for PVC.

Zn-Schiff-base Complexes(II) have been synthesized. The Schiff-bases prepared and their
complexes were identified by IR, UV-Visible and elemental analysis (CHN). These experiments
show that transition metal can form complexes with Schiff base in the ratio 1:2[M:L]. The
Schiff-base(I,II) and their complexes(III,IV) were studied by quantum chemical methods, the
optimized structures of the compounds(I,II,III,IV) were obtained by the semi-empirical PM3
method. The value of total energy for complexes as found (III,IV) is less than Schiff base ligand (I,II), which strongly indicates the stability of the complexes. Also the dipole moment of complexes high values as compared with Schiff base ligand. The changes of the bond lengths in complex (IV) indicate the presence of π-conjugation in the aromatic system for aromatic ligand (II) if compared with aliphatic ligand(I). The mean distances N-Zn and O-Zn in the complex(IV) an decreased compared with the complex (III))because of the complex (IV) have high electrostatic attraction.

H. pylori colonization of the stomach elicits humoral and cellular immune responses, which is associated mostly with an increased risk for development of peptic ulcer disease. So different immunological markers evaluate in the sera of H. pylori peptic ulcer patients. inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α and IL-8) showed a significant increase in sera of patients as compared to control subjects. The results of lymphocyte immunophenotypes percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+cells showed a significant increase in patients when compared with those of normal subjects (37, 51, 40, and 33% respectively in patients vs. 32, 30, 35, and 21%, respectively in control). Phagocytes using heat-killed yeast and NBT reaction showed significant (P ≤ 0.001) increase activity of phagocytosis (Phagocytic index; PI) in total patients as compared to control subjects. We conclude that non specific immune responses (inflammatory cytokines, different immune cells such as phagocytic cells) formed against H. pylori participate in inflammatory and damage process in gastric tissue and its progression to peptic ulcer disease.

The present study is an attempt for assessment the aquatic ecosystem of Shatt Al- Arab River
by measuring the trace metals ( Cd , Co , Ni , Pb , Cu and Fe ) in water collected in four
locations (Qurmat-Ali , Al-Muftiya , Al-Seba and Rass Al-Besha) which represent different
levels and sources of human impact., the results showed that the highest concentration of the trace metals in the Rass Al-Besha location ( 14.48 , 84.24 , 38.74 , 41.09 , 10.55 , 145.49 ) μg ⁄ l
for trace metals (Cd , Co , Ni , Pb , Cu and Fe) respectively , the highest concentration of the
trace metals is Cadmium in all locations , Cobalt was the highest in two locations ( Rass Al-
Besha and Al- Seba ) comparing with the concentrated standard allowed by the system of
maintenance of River pollution form No. 25 of 1967 (Service Specifications Iraqi and
standards) , and levels in the international determinate of draft drainage from world health
organization WHO, 1993 and Japan specification EQS ,2001. While the lowest concentration (
4.25 , 39.76 , 11.80 ) μg ⁄ l for trace metals (Cd , Co , Ni ) respectively in the Qurmat-Ali
location , ( 21.60 , 64.44 ) μg ⁄ l for Pb and Fe respectively Al-Muftiya location , 5.25 μg ⁄ l
for Cu in the Al- Seba location .

The effects of Meloxiam drug (MEL) on the corrosion of pure aluminum in 2 M HCl have been
investigated using weight loss methods. The measurement showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the aluminum surface obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and had a physical mechanism. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior in the presence of different concentration of the MEL inhibitors was studied in the temperature range of 25–65 °C. The associated activation energy of corrosion Ea and other thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH0 ads ,ΔS0ads , (Kads) and ΔG0 ads were calculated to elaborate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. Quantum chemical parameter such as HOMO,LUOM and Mulliken charge etc. have been calculated using DFT (B3LYP/ 6- 311++G(d,p)),The results indicate that N and S atoms in the MEL structure was not effected in the adsorption of drug on the Al surface .

In this paper proposed an adaptive approach for image encryption. We used linear
congruential random number generators to produce the pseudo random sequence. The input
image is encrypted using pseudo random with crossover of genetic algorithm. This new
encryption method can be used to encrypt an image with high secure, fast and lossless. It
can be used to send the encrypted image through network and secure data storage (such as
important documents). To validate our work, several experiments are executed on a number
of different features (details) images. The proposed method reduces the weakness area in the
encryption method and increasing the randomness of the encrypted image

Exhalation of 222Rn, α-radioactive inert gas, is associated with the presence of 226Ra and
it's ultimate precursor uranium in the earth crust. It is a useful quantity to compare the relative importance of different materials of tiles (marble, granite and ceramic). Majority of new houses in Basrah (Iraq) are using tiles. Therefore, studies concerning the determination of radon exhalation rate from there materials were carried out using LR-115 Type ІІ passive
technique in this content, the Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors(SSNTDs) with a plastic
container('can' technique) were applied .There container were hermetically sealed and stored for 120 days to attain equilibrium between 222Rn and 226Ra . After exposure to radon, LR115 type II detectors were etched in 2.5N NaOH solution at 60°C for 2h. From the measured radon concentration values , 222Rn exhalation rates were determined. The average values of
exhalation rates for radon has been found of values ( 0.225, 1.529, 16.196 Bq m-2 h-1) for
marble, ceramic and granite respectively. Exhalation rates for granite has been found to be
several times higher than that for marble and ceramic. The results of the measurement has
been discussed.

A field and laboratories studies were carried out through 2008/2009 season to
determine the effect of the insecticide Carbaryl 10D (which was spraying on palms to protect
from Batrachedra amydrala) on the number and activity of fungi and bacteria in soil. The
first study was conducted in seven palm orchards in Soq-Elshyookh / Thi-qar government by
spraying 15 kgs from carbaryl 10D in two split application to six of these orchards. After 3
and 16 days, the number of fungi and bacteria in soil were determined and compared with
their numbers before spraying . The insecticide didn\'t affect fungi and bacteria numbers just
in one state from six through the first three days and in the later days the numbers increased slightly.
In the second and third study, the insecticide was mixed with soil in the levels ( 0 , 20
, 40 , 60 , 80 and 100 ) mg. kg -1 . A significant decrease was happened in the numbers of
fungi and bacteria which reached 26 and 18.9 % respectively when using the insecticide in
level 100 ) mg. kg -1 . Also there was a significant decrease in the microbial activity in the
first days of incubation which was determined by measuring the quantity of CO2 released ,
the decreasing percentage was 14 and 21.9 % respectively when using the insecticide in level
100 ) mg. kg -1 .After the eighth day of incubation , the numbers of fungi and bacteria and
their activity began to increase .

This study refers to role of treatment with doses (0.004,0.08 Mg/ Kg ,B.W.) of incecticide Thiamethoxam for (35) days in induction to make pathological changes in testes tissue of treated mice males and abnormality sperm as well as decreased in sperm concentration and viability sperm percentage ,that was significant (P<0.01) in the second group that treated with high dose

Eighty floor dust samples were collected from some schools in Amarh city to investigate the presence of Keratinophilic fungi using hair- baiting technique . Twenty six species of fungi belonging to twelve genera were isolated and identified The fungi included : six species from the genus chrysosporium ,five species from the genus Microsporum , foure species from the genus Trichophyton , three species from the genus Aspergillus and one species of the following genera : Alternaria, Cladosporium , Drechslera , Fusarium , Mucor , Penicillium , Scopulariopsis and Scytlidium .
On the other hand the haemolytic of some species were tested in vitro using blood agar culture ,among them Aspergillus flavus was more efficienty than other

This present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of methanolic extracts for Lawsonia inermisandCapparis spinosaon the mortality of larval stage and biology of pupae of Chrysomya albicepson the attempt to find out the best control.Methanolic extract of L.inermisgave the best mortality rate with 90% , 73.3% and 63.3% for the first larval instar in the 50% concetration , while the extract ofC.spinosawas recorded 76.6% , 56.6% and 46.6% , 65.8% , the results also showed that the first larval instar was the highest effective with L.inermisandC.spinosaextracts as mortality rates reached 51.1% and 42.1% respectively , while the third larval instar was lowest with 20% and 32.1% respectively .The results also showed that pupae produced from comon larva a treated with both extracts were abnormal shapes and low weights ,and produce some deforming adults , the methanolic extract of was C. spinosamore effective with less rate of the weights0.103 gm/10 pupa while of L.inermiswith 0.122gm/10 in the concentration 50% compared with control whose their average weight was 0.560 gm/10 , the extract of C. spinosawas recorded highest ratio for abnormal pupa with 100% in the 50% conce. while L.inermiswith 96.6%

The present study is included isolation & identification of vicine which backed to phenolic glycosides from H.annus L. seeds .The extracted vicine is compared with standard vicine. After isolation this compound some qualitative test have been carried out, These test showed that isolated compound is from phenolic glycosides. The isolated compound it showed one spot in T.L.C . It is also identified by melting point andUV and IR spectra.The results of all above were showed similarity between both isolated compound and standard vicine .

In this study, the antibacterial activity of some Leaves Extracts of(Vitex agnus-castus L.)were determinated against two species of bacteriaEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aurous, These extracts including hot ethanolic 70% extract , hot methanolic 70% extract flavonoid extract , oil extract and essential oils extracts , and the anticancer activity of flavonoid extract was evaluated against two cancer cell lines (HEP-2, AMN3).The results showed that flavonoid extract exhibited best antibacterial activity followed by hot ethanolic 70% extract and hot methanolic 70% extract , while oil extract and essential oils extracts showed no antibacterial activity .Anti cancer activity of flavonoid extract showed no anticancer activity against Hep-2andAMN3cell lines for three concentrations (3.125,6.25,12,5,25 mg/l)in comparison with negative control. Moreover, a photochemical screening of the methanolic extract was revealed that presence of flavonoids ,tannins ,saponins, phenols, and carbohydrates and absence of proteins and alkaloids

This study was conducted during the period from the beginning of September to the end of October 2009, to study the effect of leaf extracts capers against F. oxysporum and R. solani which were isolated from infected plants by the vascular wilt , the survey show that plant extracts contain the active substances of plant extracts , Alkaloids , Saponins , Tannins , Phenplic compound , Resins , Terpins. It was found that water extracts had inhibited the growth of R. solani 100% in 20 and 40 mg/ml of cold water extraction and in all concentrations for hot water extraction and concentration of 40 mg/ml when the treated by phenolic extract . The effectiveness of the extracts in F. oxysporum was tested .It was the percentage of inhibition was 100% in 20 and 40 mg/ml when the treated by hot water extract , reaching 100% in 40 mg/ml when treated by cold water extracts , Other extracts inhibition ratios ranged between (26.5-88.3)% at different concentrations. A Soil test was conducted to determine the ability of water extracts to protect seedlings of the plant progress where plant extracts showed good protection by measuring plant lengths with no symptoms of withering plants when compared with pesticide Benomyl and infection control

This study aimed to know the effect of the leaves powder of Datura stramoniumL. in the genus Porcelliosp, by feeding on leaves powder. TheP.sp. were classifided into tow groups,( immatureand mature) stages , and notice the effects of (stage-soil-time) on mortality. The results revealed that there was a mortality in the P.sp. , the mortality rate of immature stage was (7.77) , (10.00 ) and for the mature stage (4.44) ,(6.00) when the natural soil were existed and not , for each stage respectively, the existence of soil reduced the poison effected of the plant leaves for each stage .In addition the mortality of immature stage spended a few times, after one day than the other in the tenth day of experiment

The current study included examination of 264 stool samples collected from patients attending Al Zahraa health center, Suq Al-Shuyukh district, during the period from January till December 2009, the samples were examined by direct smear method and concentration method to detect the intestinal parasites.After that, the samples were cultured and incubated to diagnose the pathogenic bacterial and fungal agents, no significant differences were shown in the infection of both sexes and age groups.The percentage of males infection (56.8 %) was higher than that in females (43.2 %).The higher percentage of infection (60.2 %) was found in age group ≤10 years, and the most common pathogens of diarrhea were the intestinal parasites (68.9 %) included infection with intestinal parasites only (26.5 %), intestinal parasites with pathogenic bacteria (22 %), intestinal parasites with fungal agents (40.9 %) and intestinal parasites with pathogenic bacteria and fungal agents (15.5 %).
The highest percentage of parasitic infections was found in E. histolytica (42.8 %), the percentage of infection with pathogenic bacteria was (65.2 %) which included the infection with pathogenic bacteria only (4.9 %), pathogenic bacteria with fungal agents (22.8 %) and the highest percentage of pathogenic bacterial infection was in E. coli (8.3 %), the percentage of infection with fungal agents was 3.4 % and the highest percentage of fungal agents infection was that of C. albicans (14 %)

The Present Study has been prepared to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous , alcoholic Extract and Secondary Compounds of Myristica fragrans , Anabasis setifera , Capparis spinosa , Chenopodium murale , Cordia myxa and Glycyrrhiza glabra on the 4th larval instar of Culex quinquefasciatus , the results showed Significant difference with high mortality percentage rate reached 42.49% for alcoholic extract compared with 11.11 %for aqueous extract ,and the alcoholic extract of Chenopodium murale , Myristica fragrans was the most effective extract , with the lethal concentration (LC50) for larvae 501 , 1258 ppm after 48 hour of treatment respectively.During this Study active Compound has been identified from studied Plants by using some chemical reagent ,Alkaloid, Phenol compounds and volatile oil isolated from studied Plants, Alkaloid compounds and volatile oil revealed high activity on mosquitoes larvae in comparing with Phenolic compounds reached to 70.7 ppm (LC50) for Ch. murale alkaloid, Where as the lower activity appeared in Phenolic compound of Capparis spinosa with (LC50) reached 11220 ppm after 48 hr of treatment .

This research was contained study of nitrate and phosphate concentration as well as pH , EC , turbidity , and DO for water of Tigris River within Misan Governorate. Samples were collected from six stations (Ali Al-Garbi , Amara Al-Moahad, AL-Jumhoriah bridge , Al-Wihda, Qalat Saleh, and Al-Azir) during two seasons , Summer 2008 and Winter 2009 . Mean of nitrate concentration in both seasons were (5.616 and 5.008) mg.1-1 respectively. The high concentration was recorded in Al-Azir station in both seasons (6.08 and 5.29) mg.1-1 respectively, and high significant correlation was found between nitrate concentration and turbidity (0.744**, 0.772**) seasonally. Mean of phosphate concentration in Tiger River were (0.905, 0.963) mg.1-1 during different seasons , high significant correlation was found between phosphate concentration and turbidity (0.793**, 0.814**) respectively. Generally, concentration of nitrate and phosphate increased forward south.

Al-Safia protectorate is one part of Al-Huwaza marsh. It's fed by water from the Irenic side and Tigris than it down stream Al-Khabta marsh. Same of the chemical characters of Al-Safia water and sediments were studied in an environmental observation for the natural the environmental changes resulted by flood process and dryness, in marshes. The study show a in crease in water EC, pH, DO and some nutritiant ( NO2,NO3,PO4). The mean range of the following data were recorded: pH (7.76-9.14), Electrical conductivity EC (7.00-15.64 dS.cm-1), ), Dissolved Oxygen D.O(6.60-12.70 mg.l-1), Nitrogen as NO2 (0.02-77.29 mg.l-1)and NO3(1.71-64.89 mg.l-1), Phosphorous as PO4(1.54-11.45mg.l-1). The percentage of organic mater was noticed higher in sediments as for as it's flooded with water and it's lower into disappear limits in dryness. The percentage of CaCO3was noticed lower in flooded but increased to 60% in dryness, hates show the variation in chemical properties of water and sediments between flood and dryness.

This study aims to diagnosis some of the sickness cases by (Haemophilia)on some patients in three different healthy centers in al-Dewanya city . For such purpose , fifty cases of sickness bysuch disease are collected and laboratory test on them are made to identify them clearly . The results explain that 84% of those patients who have (haemophilia)of the type A, which results from the loss of the factor 144, and roushly %12 from them who have haemophilia of the type of B which results from the loss of the factor XI what is concerned with the haemophilia of the type of C which results from the loss of factor 144and the Haemophilia which results of the deficit of well brand element . Their percentage are %2 . Also the results of the rest of (H.I.V.) that approximately %10 from those patients who afflicted by this disease and about %20 from them who afflict by C virus hepatitis as the resultsof (H.C.V.). The rest percentage is not suffered from any secondary in addition to this the results explain that spread of this disease among male is more than female.

The study was conduct to evaluate the field efficacy for some Insecticides by two different treatment, there are Foliar and Soil application against the Black Cutworm Agrotis ipsilonin tomatoes field.Results demonstrated that their were different in the treatment efficacy,The Foliar application Overtop in reducing the infection ratio percentage compared with Soil application, also the results showed that the Match 5 EC was overtop in reducing the infection ratio from 21.9% before spraying to 2.2% after 14 days.About the soil application , Regent (Fipronil) 10G was Overtop in reducing infestation ratio from 19.1% to 17.1% after 14 days compared with the other insecticides usage in the soil application

This experiment was done on Tagetes erectaL .plant during the 2009 season to study the effect of yeast suspension with 1,2,3and4 g/L on vegetative and flowering growth , and product of beta-carotene pigments treatment with yeast suqension had significant increase ,for all vegetative growth ,the results of spraying with yeast suqension significantly increased the number of flowers and dry matter percentage for flowers with concentration 4g/L while concentration gave the greatest flowers diameter and beta-carotene –pigment but the high concentration 4g/L gave increase the percentage of Nitrogen ,Phosphorus and Potassium.

The atmospheric density variations is studied under the effect of solar activity at altitude of low orbital satellites, the atmospheric density is determined from through its influence by the solar activity parameters (The radio solar flux parameter (F10.7) and geomagnetic activity parameter (Kp)).This study based on Total Density(TD88 )model for calculating this variations. The results show that, the determined upper atmospheric density is changing according to change the solar activity parameters,diurnal and annual variations.

An automatic electrochemical system developed to monitor ozone concentration in air .The principal feature for this system its working according to the principle of chemical illuminants which generates from the surface reaction of ozone gas with hydroxide solution 5-amino methylene hydrazide . All parts of our system assembled, manufactured , tested and calibrated in our labs. Using OL80/DLS ozone calibrator. The tested results show that the sensitivity of detection of ozone gas approximates and extends to less-than-nanogram

This research introduce new algorithm to discover any change in the sender message. This
algorithm is programmed with visual Basic language. This algorithm is building from
inputing message by the sender to find key or (password) for encoding the sender
information , which is append to the original message and will be represents the message
digital signature. the algorithm of key will be search to find symbols that represents middle of any word
,this symbols will be concatenation to produced key in Ascii codes , which sum to produced
key number that is added to each Ascii code from the sender information, as result ,every
symbol is converted to Ascii code to produced new code append with message. the receiver
will be produced key with the same algorithm above, then using it to decode message
signature , by using the reverse algorithm of encoding , if this document or message is right,
so the user information is read to know him .otherwise, the receiver will not decode this
information so ,may be this document or message changed.

Clearness index in al-Nasseria city at longitude (31.15) and latitude (46.14) during
2009 was evaluated to explore the solar radiation arriving the Earth surface, as will as the
impact of solar energy on the other meteorological parameters including relative humidity,
temperature average, the relative number of sunshine hours.
The mathematical relations were deduced to describe such relations. All relations were linear,
which indicates that the maximum clearness index was at summer and has a value of (0.60.3).
The effect was attributed to the absorption, scattering for incoming solar beam during its travel through Earth
atmosphere.